Appendix A
Emissivity of common materials (for reference only)
Materials
Specification
Temperature
(
℃
)
Emissivity
(
ε
)
Aluminum
Non oxidation
100
0.20
Oxidation
100
0.55
Brass
Polishing and brown
20
0.40
Dull
38
0.22
Oxidation
100
0.61
Copper
Severe oxidation
20
0.78
Iron
Oxidation
100
0.74
Rust
25
0.65
Cast iron
Oxidation
200
0.64
Non oxidation
100
0.21
Wrought iron
Dull
25
0.94
Polishing
38
0.28
Nickel
Oxidation
200
0.37
Stainless steel
Oxidation
60
0.85
Steel
Oxidation under
800
℃
200
0.79
Brick
Surface
20
0.93
Concrete
Surface
20
0.92
Glass
Polishing and flat
20
0.94
Paint
White
100
0.92
Black
100
0.97
Carbon
Soot
25
0.95
Candle smoke
20
0.95
Graphite rough surface
20
0.98
Paint
Average value of 16
colors
100
0.94
Paper
White
20
0.93
Sand
Surface
20
0.90
Wood
Polishing
20
0.90
Water
Distilled water
20
0.96
Skin
Human
32
0.98
Ceramics
Fit
21
0.90
Crude
21
0.93