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Appendix & References

8.1 Depth Table Calculations

With varying soil attenuation, the Gepard GPR was calculated with a median frequency value of 100 MHz.

Reference material used from DJ Daniels, Institution of Electrical Engineers, Ground Penetrating Radar, 2

Edition, 1996.

DJ Daniels, Ground Penetrating Radar, 2004

OKM GmbH

www.okmdetectors.com

Figure 8.1: Dielectric reference for various soil attenuation

Содержание Gepard GPR 3D

Страница 1: ...Gepard GPR 3D Ground Penetrating Radar User s Manual ...

Страница 2: ...rranty In no circumstances OKM takes responsibility for lost profits usage or data loss interruption of business activities or all kind of other indirectly damages which developed because of errors in this documentation This instruction manual and all other stored media which are delivered with this package should only be used for this product Program copies are allowed only for security and safet...

Страница 3: ... Elements 15 4 1 Control Unit 16 4 1 1 General overview 16 4 1 2 Connector panel 17 4 2 Triangular Antennas with shafts 18 4 3 Charging adapter 18 5 Assembly 20 6 Field procedure 25 6 1 Conducting a field measurement 26 6 2 General scanning procedure 28 6 2 1 Scan mode 28 6 2 2 Regulation of the number of impulses per scanning path 29 6 3 Special advice for field procedure 30 6 3 1 Orientation of ...

Страница 4: ... scan mode 41 7 3 1 6 Maximum depth and soil type 42 7 3 2 Conducting a GPR measurement 43 7 3 2 1 Measuring in 2D 43 7 3 2 2 Measuring in 3D 44 7 4 View scan 46 7 4 1 2D view screen 49 7 4 2 3D view screen 49 7 4 3 Toolbar menu 50 7 4 4 Applying filters 51 7 4 4 1 Bias 52 7 4 4 2 Extraction 52 7 4 4 3 Interpolation 53 7 4 4 4 Envelope 53 7 4 5 Changing project title and notes 53 7 4 6 Setting fie...

Страница 5: ...ivation Entering the serial number 38 Figure 7 6 Activation Entering the activation code 38 Figure 7 7 New Scan Establish WiFi connection 39 Figure 7 8 New Scan General settings 39 Figure 7 9 New Scan Project title and description 40 Figure 7 10 New Scan Choosing a scan type 41 Figure 7 11 New Scan Selecting the scan mode 41 Figure 7 12 New Scan Maximum depth and soil type 42 Figure 7 13 Ready for...

Страница 6: ...26 Field dimensions dialog 54 Figure 7 27 Create a map file Alternative 1 55 Figure 7 28 Create a map file Alternative 1 55 Figure 7 29 Map view 55 Figure 8 1 Dielectric reference for various soil attenuation 58 OKM GmbH www okmdetectors com ...

Страница 7: ...1 Introduction CHAPTER 1 Introduction ...

Страница 8: ...ay know there are different soil types all over the world with different levels of natural attenuation Variable soil properties can and will hamper and alter ultimate scan measurements Areas where there is an extreme amount of ground water varying clays sands and wet soils making scanning more difficult and may reduce the maximum depth capabilities of any and all detection equipment regardless of ...

Страница 9: ... to the human body on account of their very low power 1 2 3 Surrounding area When moving this unit from a cold place to a warmer place watch out for condensation Do not immediately operate the unit until any possible condensation could have evaporated The unit is not weather proof and water or condensation can destroy the unit Avoid strong magnetic fields which may occur in places where there are ...

Страница 10: ...of metal from your device Firstly you might indeed cause irreparable damage to a truly rare find and secondly there is a chance that the object reacts in an insulted way and strikes back Note the color of the ground close to the surface A red or reddish color of the ground is an indicator of rust traces As regards the finds themselves you should definitely pay attention to their shape Curved or ro...

Страница 11: ...2 Technical Specifications CHAPTER 2 Technical Specifications ...

Страница 12: ...Range 60 MHz to 300 MHz Timing Sampling Adjustments Send Receive 4 Levels Complete Cycle Measurements 9 per second Samples 512 Data Transmission Technology WiFi 2 4 GHz 2 2 Telescopic shaft Dimensions 70 x 60 x 590 1630 mm Weight 0 80 kg Built in battery 7 26 V 2600 mAh Protection class IP 20 Operating Temperature 20 C to 55 C Storage temperature 25 C to 60 C Air humidity 5 70 Waterproof No 2 3 Tr...

Страница 13: ...Delivery CHAPTER 3 Scope of Delivery In the following section is a detailed list of all standard equipment shipped with the Gepard GPR In some instances the contents may vary depending on customer s configuration ...

Страница 14: ...it 1 Charging Adapter with power supply and travel adapter 1 Android Tablet PC 1 User Manual 1 Water and Shock Resistant Peli Case 1 Telescopic shaft 2 Transmitting antenna 1 Receiving antenna 1 OKM GmbH www okmdetectors com Figure 3 1 Scope of delivery ...

Страница 15: ...ents CHAPTER 4 Control Elements In this section you will learn more about the fundamental use of all control elements for the Gepard GPR measuring instrument All connections inputs and outputs are explained in detail ...

Страница 16: ...er button one time The unit will turn on and as a test it will illuminate blue for approximately 3 seconds then it will turn green Do not press the trigger button during this startup period The device is ready for operation as soon as the green LED is illuminated To turn off the Gepard GPR press and hold the trigger button for at least 3 seconds When the green LED turns off you can release the tri...

Страница 17: ... the ground surface 4 1 2 Connector panel In figure 4 2 is shown where to connect the telescopic shafts as well as the cables for the transmitting and receiving antennas Mounting socket for telescopic shaft Here you can mount the telescopic shaft by pushing it into the opening The socket that is located on the shaft must fit the mounting socket At the end it will snap in perfectly Please read chap...

Страница 18: ...o calculate potential anomalies that might exist in the underground soil Telescopic shafts The telescopic shafts will be used to mount the antennas to the Gepard GPR as well as supplying the power to the control unit 4 3 Charging adapter The charging adapter as depicted in figure 4 4 is used to charge the internal batteries of the telescopic shafts You can either charge only one of the batteries o...

Страница 19: ... connector tightly into the socket until it snaps in securely Input socket for power supply Put the connector of the provided power supply into this input socket to start the charging process Charging LED As long as the appropriate charging LED is illuminated the charging process is still in progress When the LED switches off the battery is fully charged OKM GmbH www okmdetectors com ...

Страница 20: ...20 Assembly 5 Assembly CHAPTER 5 Assembly This section explains how to assemble the Gepard GPR and to prepare the unit for operation OKM GmbH www okmdetectors com ...

Страница 21: ...etallic hook snaps into the socket Please pay attention that the little metallic hook is pointing towards the second opening see figure A This hook must be pushed down to release the telescopic shaft while disassembling as shown in figure B Now connect the short end of the shaft s cable to the connector for transmitting antenna that is marked with a red label transmitting port While pushing the pl...

Страница 22: ...a silver label receiving port At the end of this process both cables are connected to the connector panel of the Gepard GPR Now you can continue to mount the antennas to the telescopic shafts The lower part of the shafts have a small notch that is used to grab the antennas Push the notch of the first shaft that has been connected with the transmitting port right over the bolt of the transmitting a...

Страница 23: ...otch at the lower part of the telescopic shaft over the bolt and close the eccentric strap short lever at the side of the bolt to tighten the grip Then you connect the plug of the cable to the connector of the receiving antenna silver marking Before using the Gepard GPR you might adjust the telescopic shafts according to your body height Therefor unlock the locks by turning them loose adjust your ...

Страница 24: ...Tablet holder of the Gepard GPR Please make sure that the magnets of the Tablet holder match the metallic plates on the back of your Tablet PC Finally you are ready to power on the Gepard GPR and start your first measurement OKM GmbH www okmdetectors com ...

Страница 25: ...ield procedure CHAPTER 6 Field procedure This chapter gives practical instructions about the general procedure of scanning an area The different scanning methods and procedures will be explained in detail ...

Страница 26: ...an detect items to depths of approx 40 meters please consider the fact that with so many varying soil types and combinations there are some locations where maximum depths will be considerably less In the Android Tablet PC the software has been simplified requiring only a couple of steps prior to beginning a measurement In the software section starting on page 33 we will explain in detail how to be...

Страница 27: ...ll be able to determine several underground objects in just one measurement After setting up your software application go to the starting point of your first scan line and make sure the antennas have the same distance to the surface as shown in figure 6 1 More information about preparing the measurement and how to start or stop your scan lines you will also learn in section 7 3 New Scan starting o...

Страница 28: ...number of impulses measure points which are recorded during one scanning path can be adjusted individually depending on the size of your scan area length of scanning path 6 2 1 Scan mode There are two general techniques to surveying an area with the Gepard GPR Zig Zag The starting position of two scanning paths next to each other is on the opposite side of the measured area You will record data on...

Страница 29: ...tandard rule is The smaller the distance between the paths the more accurate your scans will be When you are conducting your first scans the lines should not be to close together to locate possible targets 6 2 2 Regulation of the number of impulses per scanning path The number of measure points per scan line is determined at the end of your first scanning path You have to stop the measurement of t...

Страница 30: ...lowing rule is valid Keep scans at practical sizes where you can see the beginning and stop lines and can comfortably traverse an area to keep your speed and the distances reasonable 6 3 Special advice for field procedure There are some aspects which you should take note of when conducting scans In principle a scan is only as good as the path that was taken Making errors while scanning will show u...

Страница 31: ...s to be more sure about your results 6 3 1 Orientation of the antennas During one measurement the antennas should have always the same distance to the ground Generally we recommend a height of about 10 cm 0 4 inches from the surface of the ground if possible In the event that you are going to go over stones wood or high grass that is higher start your scan with the antennas higher right from the b...

Страница 32: ......

Страница 33: ...7 Software CHAPTER 7 Software This chapter explains the Gepard GPR software in all its details You will learn how to work the various features and conduct data analysis ...

Страница 34: ... Setting up the Android application If you have purchased the complete package of Gepard GPR the Tablet PC was included and is already equipped with an activated software application In that case you can skip section 7 1 and its subsections and continue reading with section 7 3 New Scan on page 39 If you have not purchased any pre configured Tablet PC along with your Gepard GPR you have to 1 insta...

Страница 35: ... Gepard GPR This process can slightly differ depending on your specific Android device and operation system If you purchased the Tablet PC along with your Gepard GPR the wireless connection has been already prepared and you should be able to start your measurement right away WiFi name GepardGPR3D Password GepardGPR3D In case you have to create a new network connection by yourself you have to use t...

Страница 36: ... 42 Gateway 192 168 97 1 Keep all other values and confirm your changes by tapping Connect 6 Now the connection to the Gepard GPR should be established and you are ready to conduct new measurements This WiFi connection will be stored on your Tablet PC and will re establish automatically if it is in range OKM GmbH www okmdetectors com Figure 7 3 Entering Wi Fi password ...

Страница 37: ...ode with your Tablet PC to activate your application Manual activation Enter information like serial number and activation code manually 7 2 1 Activation with QR code One way of activating your application is using the enclosed QR code After selecting the option Use QR code you have to position your Android s camera to the QR code If the code gets recognized by your application correctly the activ...

Страница 38: ...nue In the next step you will be asked to enter the activation code as shown in figure 7 6 This information is also printed in the small leaflet in front of your manual After entering the activation code tap the button again Once that is completed and all information are valid your software application is ready to use OKM GmbH www okmdetectors com Figure 7 5 Activation Entering the serial number F...

Страница 39: ...ablishing a WiFi connection 7 3 1 1 Establish WiFi connection In the first screen from figure 7 7 the application tries to connect to your Gepard GPR At the same time it checks for a valid software activation If the antennas indicating any problem you should check all connections and cables When the WiFi connection has been established successfully you can push the button to continue with step 2 7...

Страница 40: ...of the scan data while conducting a measurement This color schema can be changed afterwards when analyzing your measurement results After you have changed all settings according to your personal preferences you can push the button to continue with step 3 7 3 1 3 Project title and description In the next step you must enter a project title which is later on used to find your measurement from the li...

Страница 41: ...he scan mode This step is only processed when you selected to conduct a 3D measurement If you have selected 3D as scan type you now have to decide in which scan mode you would like to work Parallel In the parallel mode you walk several scan lines but always starting at on side of your scan area Zig Zag In the Zig Zag mode you also walk several scan lines but this time each following line starts at...

Страница 42: ...ar wave to travel through the earth and return with an echo One of the best ways to determine the proper soil type in an area is to conduct a measurement over a known buried object at a known depth Conduct the scan and then compare the soil type to the depth of the object This is a quick and easy method to determine the best soil for the area Depth The indicated depth will be the maximum depth to ...

Страница 43: ...bove the ground and push the trigger button of your Gepard GPR Then keep walking slowly and continuously to the endpoint of your scan line As soon as you reach the end point push the button again to stop the scan During this process you should see the data appearing on the screen of your Tablet PC as indicated in figure 7 14 You can extend your scan data starting and stopping the measurement over ...

Страница 44: ...d will be used for all upcoming scan lines Thus you don t have to push the trigger button at the end of any following scan line anymore Depending on your selection of the scan mode one of the following actions is necessary after scanning the first line Scan mode Parallel Go back to the starting point of the previous scan line and step approx 50 cm to the left Now push the trigger button again to s...

Страница 45: ...ether you want to save or discard your scan If you are going to save your data the screen from figure 7 17 appears You now have to enter the length and the width of your scan area This is important to get correct distance measurements when analyzing your scan data Please read section 7 4 6 Setting field dimensions on page 54 to learn how to set the field dimensions OKM GmbH www okmdetectors com Fi...

Страница 46: ...er of files available Display favorites only Push this button down to display all files marked as favorite Sort order Push one of these buttons to change the sort order of the files within the list Create new map file When you checked one or more Map checkboxes you can use the create new map file button to build a new Google Map file containing all GPS coordinates and scan areas Map files kmz If t...

Страница 47: ...4 4 Applying filters on page 51 2D Place markers After placing the cross hairs over a specific target in your scan you can push this button to place a color marker on that exact position Thus you can mark several points of interest POI 2D Resize Push this button to resize the 2D representation of the measurement After pushing the button a scrollbar appears beneath the toolbar that can be used to z...

Страница 48: ...ar menu 2D 3D At the bottom of the screens from figure 7 19 there is a statusbar that contains information like scan line impulse depth and GPS In figure 7 20 the statusbar and its information is depicted Depth setting This value indicates the selected penetration depth that was used to conduct the scan Scan line This is the number of the current scan line at which the cross hairs are placed If yo...

Страница 49: ...s the information like scan line impulse and depth get recalculated in the statusbar 2D cross hairs To read the depth as well as the position of detected objects you just need to move your finger over the main viewing area graphical 2D representation to place the cross hairs directly over the potential object Then you can read the depth and position value in the statusbar of the screen Scrollbar I...

Страница 50: ...write it with the current status Clipping planes Move the upper or lower clipping plane button to remove scan data from the top or the bottom layers of your display This helps to get rid of unwanted disturbances close to the surface or subfloor 7 4 3 Toolbar menu If you push the button that is located in the toolbar of the 2D and 3D view screen the toolbar menu opens up Each toolbar menu consists ...

Страница 51: ...Generates a CSV file with all measured values along with its GPS data if available for usage in other software products DZT Generates a DZT file that is common for general GPR software products Tap on the button to close the toolbar menu 7 4 4 Applying filters After opening a 3D measurement the default filter is applied automatically to improve the visual representation of your recorded data For a...

Страница 52: ...r the final calculation 7 4 4 2 Extraction The extraction filter has been developed to extract any kind of interference from the measured data This is especially useful to create much cleaner 3D representations Following parameters can be adjusted Minimum reversal distance This value defines for how long a valid signal must be present within a single scan line to be a valid object This value repre...

Страница 53: ...the envelope of the original signal Therefor two values can be adjusted Raise Time Enter a value from 0 00 to 1 00 to set the increasing speed of the envelope Falloff Time Enter a value from 0 00 to 1 00 to set the decreasing speed of the envelope 7 4 5 Changing project title and notes Before you create a new measurement you have to enter a meaningful project title Without entering a title you can...

Страница 54: ...alue If the button is enabled you can tap on it to get the calculated length value according to the recorded GPS data Field Width This is only useful for 3D scans and indicates the distance between first and last scan line Simply tap the button to change the width value If the button is enabled you can tap on it to get the calculated width value according to the recorded GPS data Push the button t...

Страница 55: ...any of those measurements to hide it in the map view Use the buttons on the left side of the screen to overlay different kind of information Back Use this button to leave the current map screen and get back to the previous screen Screenshot Push this button to create a screenshot of the current map screen The final image is stored at Internal Storage Documents OKM Gepard GPR 3D If you push this bu...

Страница 56: ... of the recorded scan data The display will use the current color schema and threshold to render the scan data Scan direction This button toggles the scan direction indicator that shows in which direction the scan was conducted OKM GmbH www okmdetectors com ...

Страница 57: ...8 Appendix References CHAPTER 8 Appendix References In this chapter you will find appendices to tables and references used ...

Страница 58: ...alculated with a median frequency value of 100 MHz 1 Reference material used from DJ Daniels Institution of Electrical Engineers Ground Penetrating Radar 2nd Edition 1996 1 DJ Daniels Ground Penetrating Radar 2004 OKM GmbH www okmdetectors com Figure 8 1 Dielectric reference for various soil attenuation ...

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