NXP Semiconductors
AN11740
PN5180 Antenna design
AN11740
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Application note
COMPANY PUBLIC
Rev. 1.1 — 19 June 2018
345311
8 of 62
Note:
This application note does not replace the detailed test description in the ISO/IEC
10373-6.
There is no common certification process for ISO/IEC14443 compliance in place, even
though many national bodies use the ISO/IEC 14443 to operate the electronic passports
and electronic ID cards. For these programs some nations have established a
certification process to guarantee interoperability. An example is given in [5].
2.1.1 Field strength tests
For the field strength test, it is preferred to have the PCD send a continuous carrier, i.e. it
performs no modulation.
The field strength tests simply require the calibrated ReferencePICC and a dc voltage
measurement device (volt meter or oscilloscope). The field strength is equivalent to the
calibrated (and required) voltage level. The ISO/IEC 10373-6 defines minimum voltage
levels, corresponding to the minimum required field strength, and maximum voltage
levels, corresponding to the maximum allowed field strength. The measured voltage
levels must stay in between these limits.
2.1.2 Wave shape tests
The PCD needs to send the related pulse(s): It may send an ISO/IEC 14443 REQA and /
or REQB with the required bit rate, as e.g. specified in [5]. Any other command fits the
purpose, too.
Note:
For the test of higher bit rates it makes sense to implement some specific test
commands, which send artificial commands, e.g. REQA and / or REQB, using the coding
and modulation of the corresponding higher bit rates. The standard way of activating
higher bitrates cannot be applied, since the ReferencePICC for ISO/IEC 14443-2 tests
does not allow the protocol layer, which is normally required to switch to higher bit rates.
The wave shape tests require
1. a calibrated ReferencePICC, which is placed at the position of the calibrated field
strength (corresponding to the dc voltage as measured in section 2.1.1),
2. a digital oscilloscope with a measurement bandwidth of 500Msamples or higher, and
3. a tool that filters and transforms the oscilloscope data into the envelope signal
according to the ISO/IEC 10373-6.
The tool normally returns the filtered and transformed envelop as well as the
corresponding values of rise and fall times, residual carrier levels and over- and
undershoots, which must be kept within the given limits.
2.1.3 Load modulation tests
The PCD needs to send a teat command, which allows to check a response from the
ReferencePICC.
The load modulation tests require
1. a calibrated ReferencePICC, which is placed at the position of the calibrated field
strength (corresponding to the dc voltage as measured in section 2.1.1),
