Chapter 2
Hardware Overview of the NI 78xxR
©
National Instruments Corporation
2-13
R Series Multifunction RIO User Manual
line to AIGND, connect it to AIGND thro
u
gh a resistor that is abo
u
t
100 times the eq
u
ivalent so
u
rce impedance. The resistor p
u
ts the signal
path nearly in balance. Abo
u
t the same amo
u
nt of noise co
u
ples onto both
connections, which yields better rejection of electrostatically co
u
pled
noise. Also, this inp
u
t mode does not load down the so
u
rce, other than the
very high-inp
u
t impedance of the instr
u
mentation amplifier.
Yo
u
can f
u
lly balance the signal path by connecting another resistor of the
same val
u
e between the positive inp
u
t and AIGND, as shown in Fig
u
re 2-7.
This f
u
lly balanced inp
u
t mode offers slightly better noise rejection b
u
t has
the disadvantage of loading down the so
u
rce with the series combination
(s
u
m) of the two resistors. If, for example, the so
u
rce impedance is 2 k
Ω
and each of the two resistors is 100 k
Ω
, the resistors load down the so
u
rce
with 200 k
Ω
and prod
u
ce a –1% gain error.
Both inp
u
ts of the instr
u
mentation amplifier req
u
ire a DC path to gro
u
nd
for the instr
u
mentation amplifier to work. If the so
u
rce is AC co
u
pled
(capacitively co
u
pled), the instr
u
mentation amplifier needs a resistor
between the positive inp
u
t and AIGND. If the so
u
rce has low-impedance,
choose a resistor that is large eno
u
gh not to significantly load the so
u
rce b
u
t
small eno
u
gh not to prod
u
ce significant inp
u
t offset voltage as a res
u
lt of
inp
u
t bias c
u
rrent, typically 100 k
Ω
to 1 M
Ω
. In this case, connect the
negative inp
u
t directly to AIGND. If the so
u
rce has high o
u
tp
u
t impedance,
balance the signal path as previo
u
sly described
u
sing the same val
u
e
resistor on both the positive and negative inp
u
ts. Loading down the so
u
rce
ca
u
ses some gain error.
Single-Ended Connection Considerations
When an NI 783
x
R/784
x
R/785
x
R AI signal is referenced to a gro
u
nd that
can be shared with other inp
u
t signals, it forms a single-ended connection.
The inp
u
t signal connects to the positive inp
u
t of the instr
u
mentation
amplifier and the gro
u
nd connects to the negative inp
u
t of the
instr
u
mentation amplifier.
Yo
u
can
u
se single-ended inp
u
t connections for any inp
u
t signal that meets
the following conditions:
•
The inp
u
t signal is high-level (>1 V).
•
The leads connecting the signal to the NI 783
x
R/784
x
R/785
x
R are less
than 3 m (10 ft).
•
The inp
u
t signal can share a common reference point with other
signals.
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