Figure 4
Figures 1, 2, 3, & 4 are reprinted with permission from NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm
Code®, Copyright ©2002, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA 02169. This
reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the National Fire Protection
Association on the referenced subject which is represented only by the standard in its
entirety. National Fire Alarm Code® and NFPA 72® are registered trademarks of the
National Fire Protection Association, Inc., Quincy, MA 02169.
PLACEMENT OF SMOKE ALARMS
THIS EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THE NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION'S
STANDARD 72 (National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch
Park, Quincy, MA 02269).
For your information, the National Fire Protection Association's
Standard 72, reads as follows:
NFPA 72, 2007 Edition, Chapter 11, Section 11.5.1.1 Where
required by applicable laws, codes or standards for a specific type of
occupancy, approved single and multiple-station smoke alarms shall
be installed as follows:
1) In all sleeping rooms and guest rooms
2) Outside of each separate dwelling unit sleeping area, within 6.4m
(21ft) of any door to a sleeping room, the distance measured
along a path of travel
3) On every level of a dwelling unit, including basements
4) On every level of a residential board and care occupancy (small
facility), including basements and excluding crawl spaces and
unfinished attics
5) In the living area(s) of a guest suite
6) In the living area(s) of a residential board and care occupancy
(small facility)
The installation of additional alarms of either the smoke or heat type
should result in a higher degree of protection. Adding alarms to
rooms that are normally closed off from the required alarms
increases the escape time because the fire does not need to build to
the higher level necessary to force smoke out of the closed room to
the required alarms. As a consequence, it is recommended that the
householder consider the installation of additional fire protection
devices. However, it should be understood that NFPA 72 does not
require additional smoke alarms over and above those called for in
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 where required smoke alarms are shown.
Figure 3: IN DWELLING UNITS WITH MORE THAN ONE
SLEEPING AREA, A SMOKE ALARM SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO
PROTECT EACH SLEEPING AREA IN ADDITION TO SMOKE
ALARMS REQUIRED IN BEDROOMS.
In addition to smoke alarms outside of the sleeping areas and in
each bedroom, NFPA 72 requires the installation of a smoke alarm
on each additional level of the dwelling unit, including the basement.
These installations are shown in Figure 4. The living area smoke
alarm should be installed in the living room or near the stairway to
the upper level, or in both locations. The basement smoke alarm
should be installed in close proximity to the stairway leading to the
floor above. Where installed on an open-joisted ceiling, the smoke
alarm should be placed on the bottom of the joists. The smoke
alarm should be positioned relative to the stairway so as to intercept
smoke coming from a fire in the basement before the smoke enters
the stairway.
Figure 2: A SMOKE ALARM SHOULD BE LOCATED BETWEEN
THE SLEEPING AREA AND THE REST OF THE DWELLING UNIT
AS WELL AS IN EACH BEDROOM.
In dwelling units with more than one bedroom area or with
bedrooms on more than one floor, more than one smoke alarm is
required, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 1:
A SMOKE ALARM SHOULD BE LOCATED ON EVERY
LEVEL OF DWELLING UNIT, INCLUDING BASEMENT, WITHIN
EACH SLEEPING ROOM AND OUTSIDE SLEEPING AREAS.
Where to Locate the Required Smoke Alarms
. The major threat
from fire in a dwelling unit occurs at night when everyone is asleep.
Persons in sleeping areas can be threatened by fires in the remain-
der of the unit; therefore, smoke alarms are best located in each
bedroom and between the bedroom areas and the rest of the unit as
shown in Figure 2.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4: A SMOKE ALARM SHOULD BE LOCATED ON EACH
LEVEL IN ADDITION TO EACH BEDROOM.
550-0480
Page 3-3
Are More Smoke Alarms Desirable?
The required number of
smoke alarms might not provide reliable early warning protection for
those areas separated by a door from the areas protected by the
required smoke alarms. For this reason, the use of additional smoke
alarms for those areas for increased protection is recommended,
including smoke alarms with visual signals to alert and warn hearing
impaired occupants to a fire. The visual signal must be in the line of
sight of the individual to be seen and effective. The additional areas
include the basement, bedrooms, dining room, furnace room, utility
room, and hallways not protected by the required smoke alarms.
The installation of smoke alarms in kitchens, attics (finished or unfin-
ished), or garages is not normally recommended, because these
locations occasionally experience conditions that can result in
improper operation.
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION
NFPA recommends replacing smoke alarm(s) every ten (10)
years; why:
Dust, dirt, and other environmental contaminants can affect your
smoke alarm over a prolonged period.
Fast changing industry consensus standards and codes on all
smoke alarms make it advisable to periodically upgrade your
device to maximize life safety.
Assurance that your smoke alarm needs are kept abreast with the
constantly improving electronic technology.
Smoke alarms are recognized as one of the lowest cost ways to
protect dwelling inhabitants against the danger of fire(s). It makes
good common sense to periodically replace and update your
smoke alarm that contributes so much to life safety.
