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Coverage angle for tightly packed flat fronted arrays

-6dB Coverage

Here is a simplified formula for calculating the main coverage angle of a tightly packed flat fronted array.

* = approximate speed of sound in m/s. Varies with temperature (see Section 2a).

Arcsin means “the angle whose sin is ...”

Flat fronted cluster coverage patterns will be confined to one main lobe whose mid-bass crossover directivity
is proportional to the size of the cluster.

All material © 2007. Martin Audio Ltd. Subject to change without notice.

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Содержание Hybrid WLX

Страница 1: ...The Martin Experience WLX WLXGS User s Guide PREMININARY INFORMATION All material 2007 Martin Audio Ltd Subject to change without notice ...

Страница 2: ...rovide deep bass with maximum efficiency WLX Rigging options Standard WLX subwoofers are equipped with integral flying hardware A non flying version is available the WLXGS WLX Groundstack Standard WLX subwoofers may be flown from a standard W8LC grid via a single point W8LC lifting bar W8LC Grid W8LC Lifting Bar All material 2007 Martin Audio Ltd Subject to change without notice ...

Страница 3: ...ctor Bracket Application example For detailed rigging information please see the WLX Flying Manual Specifications Freq response 35Hz 150Hz 3dB half space Rated Power 1000W into 8 Ohms 4000W peak Sensitivity 106dB half space with band limited pink noise Maximum SPL 135dB continuous 141dB peak half space with band limited pink noise Impedance 8 Ohms nominal Connectors 2 x Neutrik NL8 or PAcon to spe...

Страница 4: ...n outs and cabling WLX Input NL8 WLX 1 Driver link 1 1 Driver link 1 2 Driver link 2 2 Driver link 2 3 link 3 3 link 3 4 link 4 4 link 4 All material 2007 Martin Audio Ltd Subject to change without notice ...

Страница 5: ...em via the extra cores Cable run vs copper core cross sectional area Single WLX Two WLXs paralleled Up to 50m 2 5mm 6mm or 2 x 2 5mm cores in parallel Up to 100m 6mm 10mm or 2 x 6mm cores in parallel Q Why the odd sizes A Loudspeaker cables are available in a limited range of standard copper core sizes ie 1 5mm 2 5mm 4mm 6mm 10mm and 35mm Controller settings for Wavefront WLXs Standardising on one...

Страница 6: ...ime alignment W8L W8LC and W8LM inter driver delays Standard Martin Audio presets apply small output channel delays to DX1 or DP226 controllers to align the multiple drivers within W8L W8LC and W8LM cabinets These inter driver delays are not user adjustable They have a strong influence on a system s off axis lobe structure in addition to the usual on axis performance alignment Very important note ...

Страница 7: ...e as follows W8L Series Reference delay channels left unlocked for main to subwoofers alignment Functions W8L 1 LF W8LC 1 LF W8LM Active mono 1 4 WLX Lower HF W8LM Passive mono 1 2 WLX Lower full range W8LM Active stereo 1 3 4 6 Left WLX Left HF Right WLX Right HF W8LM Passive stereo 1 2 4 5 Left WLX Lower left full range Right WLX Lower right full range Alternative W8LM WLX presets are now availa...

Страница 8: ...already exist in the standard presets but you will need to check the user adjustable HPF High Pass Filter and Delay grilles aligned are set according to the table Sub woofers usually take their signal from a separate controller for W8L and W8LC systems because our standard band zoned presets use all six bands The WLX sub woofers signal will be on controller output channel 1 for standard W8LM set u...

Страница 9: ...erformance and maximum impact throughout the audience area ViewPoint should be used to design matching arrays using the Match WLX function 10 x W8LC 7 x WLX Typical 10 x W8LC 7 x WLX side by side arrays for high power music applications Mixed arrays Sub woofers may be flown above smaller main systems using W8L Series flying systems or adaptors ViewPoint should be used to ensure system safety 4 x W...

Страница 10: ...ers may be ground stacked below the main system Ground stacked subwoofers can be up to 6dB more efficient than flown systems assuming an acoustically solid floor thanks to half spaced boundary conditions A solid floor can act as an acoustic mirror doubling the effective array size All material 2007 Martin Audio Ltd Subject to change without notice ...

Страница 11: ... well positioned mix position If systems have to be physically misaligned extra delay may be employed to compensate for the differing arrival times Please note Electronic delay can only compensate for physical misalignment with reference to a specific listening area usually a listening reference point eg the mix position In the following example aligning for maximum impact at the mix position will...

Страница 12: ...d used intelligently Power capability WLXs provide full performance when driven by professional power amplifiers capable of delivering undistorted output power into a range of loads as follows WLX 1 150 W AES into 8 Ohms 2 300 W AES into 4 Ohms and 2 900 W AES into 2 Ohms Please note Amplifiers with excessive output may damage voice coils or age driver suspensions due to excessive heat dissipation...

Страница 13: ... amplifier manufacturer s specified range from no load to maximum load An electrical technician should check the supply vs demand using an accurate voltage meter 2 If unfamiliar generators are being used the electrical technician should check the mains waveform using a portable scope meter to make sure that it is sinusoidal and not crawling with spikes or interference 3 Avoid driving too many WLXs...

Страница 14: ...d controllers Although most modern amplifiers don t radiate significant fields it s better to play safe and keep the system free from hum buzz Rear supports are recommended Check the manufacturer s application notes for details Placement Flown WLX subwoofers provide maximum integration with Martin Audio W8LC or W8LM line arrays but efficiency can suffer due to the lack of ground loading ViewPoint ...

Страница 15: ...d to improve mid bass coverage Array shapes vs coverage WLX or WLXGS subwoofers may be stacked and arrayed in various configurations to increase sound pressure and tailor coverage The sound pressure increase is intuitive but the significance of subwoofer array shapes and sizes is often overlooked The following table shows the sound pressure boost and coverage provided by a variety of flat fronted ...

Страница 16: ... colouration Narrow means that coverage will drop significantly before 180º coverage is reached at the mid bass crossover frequency General rules The larger the array the more directional it becomes A larger directional system will be less affected by the room We get a 6dB far field sound pressure boost every time we double the number of cabinets Stacking safety Stacked WLX or WLXGS subwoofers sho...

Страница 17: ...cked flat fronted array approximate speed of sound in m s Varies with temperature see Section 2a Arcsin means the angle whose sin is Flat fronted cluster coverage patterns will be confined to one main lobe whose mid bass crossover directivity is proportional to the size of the cluster All material 2007 Martin Audio Ltd Subject to change without notice ...

Страница 18: ...superimposing a polar plot onto a venue plan Venue plans are drawn to a linear scale so polar plots with linear amplitude scales would be more suitable iii Polar plots have been simplified in this article for clarity Real world off axis lobe amplitudes and shapes would vary considerably depending on boundary loading echoes reverberation and other audio sources affecting the same space Vertical 6dB...

Страница 19: ... the approximate horizontal coverage angles of typical WLX WLXGS arrays ignoring boundary effects WLX WLXGS Wide Horizontal coverage 43Hz 86Hz 172Hz 2 Wide Wide 75º 4 Wide 75º 35º 8 75º 35º 17º 16 35º 17º 9º Use wide arrays for long shots Useful for long narrow venues Use narrow arrays for short wide shots Horizontal Boundary effects A solid wall near an array will act as a reflector This will cau...

Страница 20: ...LX or WLXGS subwoofers to provide a larger frontal area with fewer units but care must be taken to avoid irregular coverage at higher mid bass frequencies The following formula gives the pressure ratio p h wrt to the on axis pressure for any off axis angle of a regularly spaced linear array All material 2007 Martin Audio Ltd Subject to change without notice ...

Страница 21: ... loudspeakers the 90º lines see the 2 wavelength example above An even number of half wavelengths will cause lobes along the line of the loudspeakers see the 2 wavelength example below The following tables give the maximum recommended gap between WLX WLXGS sides for the relevant frequency range Gap Smooth coverage range 0 0m 38 160Hz 0 5m 38 115Hz 1 0m 38 86Hz 2 0m 38 60Hz To avoid combing Keeps g...

Страница 22: ...arrays are used with large radii Smaller systems with small radii will widen coverage at all frequencies but may cause cause low frequency build up on thrust and island stages Avoid this problem by augmenting small stage corner systems with WLXs placed along the stage apron For a smooth polar crossover Array the WLXs to match the curvature of the main clusters low mid or mid bass section whenever ...

Страница 23: ...er variety or orchestral production 2 WLX WLXGS set up for small very high power dance rock production WLX WLXGS arrays again shown with front fills Gives very narrow vertical wide horizontal coverage up to 120Hz allowing for ground effects Example 2 shows a tight vertical set up for a very high power dance or rock event where it is desirable to keep low frequency energy concentrated on the audien...

Страница 24: ...X arrays for tight horizontal control and the more tightly packed apron systems for central focusing 4 WLX WLXGS set up for very high power dance rock production in wide arena Gives wide horizontal very narrow vertical coverage up to 120Hz allowing for ground effects Example 4 shows a similar set up but this time for a wider venue Note the narrower left and right WLX WLXGS stacks for wider horizon...

Страница 25: ... large thrust stage productions 6 WLX WLXGS set up for high power production on large thrust stage front view side view Gives medium vertical wide horizontal coverage up to 120Hz for audience on 3 sides allowing for ground effects Again left and right WLX WLXGS arrays but this time at front and rear are augmented by apron fills The system set ups may be thought of as three sided versions of exampl...

Страница 26: ...em The two loudspeakers are driven in phase both were ve just before the instant shown but the extra distance travelled by the second R signal causes it to be out of phase at the listener position at that particular frequency R is ve while L is ve Reflections Remember that a strong side wall reflection will act like a second source and the direct and reflected signal will combine as if they were t...

Страница 27: ...e shows how two pairs of sine waves with identical amplitude and frequency characteristics will sum Pair a are in phase and add Pair b are out of phase and cancel All material 2007 Martin Audio Ltd Subject to change without notice ...

Страница 28: ... driven in phase with the same 100Hz signal Subwoofer interaction causes irregular coverage either side of the centre line Response nulls cancellations occur at the sides because the spacing is an odd number of half wavelengths causing this frequency component to cancel in the far field 80Hz The above shows the same system at 80Hz At this frequency the central position remains well covered but the...

Страница 29: ...ing is an odd number of half wavelengths again so we see side nulls again 40Hz When the frequency drops to 40Hz the 8 6m spacing 1 wavelength Again the central response is maintained but there is a dip in response over wide areas either side of the centre The spacing is an even number of half wavelengths again so we see side lobes again All material 2007 Martin Audio Ltd Subject to change without ...

Страница 30: ... higher frequencies The real world Bass notes usually include harmonic components each with a different wavelength Some will add giving an amplitude peak whilst others will subtract giving an amplitude dip This will give tonal changes with listening position and emphasise particular notes and timbres In the following example listeners over a wide central area will hear a warm bass note rich in har...

Страница 31: ... stacks towards distant raked seating or balconies or away from problematic areas by electronically tilting the system using multi channel digital delay lines The following illustration shows the basic schematic plus the staircase effect greyed out produced by the progressive increase in drive delay from bottom to top Important Note The staggered stack shown greyed out illustrates the effect of el...

Страница 32: ...using an inclinometer and to calculate the required delay increment with the formula shown Example We wish to project bass mid bass punch to stadium balcony seats 30º higher than the top of our WLX stacks The WLXs are 490mm wide giving a centre to centre spacing of 0 49m This means that our delay increment in ms tan 30º x 0 49 x 1000 340 0 577 x 0 49 x 2 94 0 83mS or 830uS All material 2007 Martin...

Страница 33: ...use curved main clusters for smooth mid and high frequency coverage Ground based subwoofer arrays should follow the same curvature to maintain mid bass crossover coherence but this is often difficult due to flat fronted stage structures The following illustration shows an example of a flat fronted horizontal array electronically splayed to emulate the grey out example shown All material 2007 Marti...

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