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No one can learn to weld simply by reading about it.
Skill comes only with practice. The following pages
will help the inexperienced operator to understand
welding and develop this skill. For more detailed infor-
mation, order a copy of “New Lessons in Arc Welding”
listed inside the back cover of this manual.

THE ARC-WELDING CIRCUIT

The operator’s knowledge of arc welding must go
beyond the arc itself. The operator must know how to
control the arc, and this requires a knowledge of the
welding circuit and the equipment that provides the
electric current used in the arc. Following is a drawing
of the welding circuit for the SP-100. The circuit
begins where the gun cable is attached to the welding
machine. Current flows through the gun cable, gun,
and contact tip, to the wire and across the arc. On the
work side of the arc, current flows through the base
metal to the work cable and back to the welding
machine. This circuit must be complete for the current
to flow.

The SP-100 welding circuit has a voltage output of 28
volts

DC

maximum. This voltage is quite low and is

only present when the gun trigger is depressed.

To weld, the work clamp must be 

tightly

connected to

clean

base metal. Remove paint, rust, dirt or oil as

necessary and connect the work clamp as 

close

as

possible to the area you wish to weld. This helps pre-
vent current from going through an unwanted path.
Avoid allowing the welding circuit to pass through
hinges, bearings, electronic components, or similar
devices that can be damaged. Always disconnect
electrical devices before welding upon them.

–

15

–

Fume and slag generated from Innershield type
electrodes recommended for use with this welding
machine can be toxic.

• Avoid contact with eyes and skin.
• Do not take internally.
• Keep out of reach of children.
• Follow all safety precautions found in this oper-
ating manual.

FIRST AID: If contact in eyes, flush immediately
with clean water for at least 15 minutes. If swal-
lowed, induce vomiting. Never give anything by
mouth to an unconscious person. Call a physi-
cian.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

The gun and cable assembly is held by the operator
who guides the automatically fed wire along the joint,
maintaining a contact tip to work distance of about 3/8
to 1/2 inch (10 – 12 mm) (this is called electrical stick-
out). This electrical stickout (ESO) must be properly
maintained by the operator. The electric arc is made
in the gap between the work and the tip end of a small
diameter wire. When the power source is properly set,
the arc gap is maintained automatically.

Arc welding is a manual skill requiring a steady hand,
good physical condition, and good eyesight. The oper-
ator controls the welding arc, and, therefore, the quali-
ty of the weld made.

THE SELF-SHIELDED FCAW WELDING

ARC

The following drawing illustrates the action taking
place in the self-shielded FCAW (Innershield) welding
arc. It closely resembles what is actually seen while
welding.

The “arc stream” is seen in the middle of the picture.
This is the electric arc created by the electric current
flowing through the space between the end of the wire
electrode and the base metal. The temperature of this
arc is about 6000°F, which is more than enough to
melt metal. The arc is very bright, as well as hot, and
cannot be looked at with the naked eye without risking
painful injury. 

The very dark lens, specifically

designed for arc welding, must be used with the
hand or face shield whenever viewing the arc.

The arc melts the base metal and actually digs into it,
much as water through a nozzle on a garden hose
digs into the earth. The molten metal forms a molten
pool or crater and tends to flow away from the arc. As
it moves away from the arc, it cools and solidifies.

The function of the Innershield cored wire electrode is
much more than simply to carry current to the arc. The
wire core is composed of fluxes and/or alloying ingre-
dients around which a steel sheath has been formed.
It is simply a stick electrode turned inside out in a con-
tinuous wire form.

LEARNING TO WELD

SP-100 Welder
and controls

Gun cable

Base metal
(work)

Work clamp

Work cable

Arc

Electronic components

Hinges

WARNING

Содержание SP-100

Страница 1: ...remier Manufacturer of Industrial Motors IM366 B November 1993 Safety Depends on You Lincoln arc welding equipment is designed and built with safety in mind However your overall safety can be increased by proper instal lation and thoughtful operation on your part DO NOT INSTALL OPERATE OR REPAIR THIS EQUIPMENT WITHOUT READ ING THIS MANUAL AND THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS CON TAINED THROUGHOUT And most i...

Страница 2: ... Make certain the insulation is large enough to cover your full area of physical contact with work and ground In addition to the normal safety precautions if welding must be performed under electrically hazardous condi tions in damp locations or while wearing wet clothing on metal structures such as floors gratings or scaf folds when in cramped positions such as sitting kneel ing or lying if there...

Страница 3: ...ans and all other mov ing parts when starting operating or repair ing equipment 7 e In some cases it may be necessary to remove safety guards to perform required maintenance Remove guards only when necessary and replace them when the maintenance requiring their removal is complete Always use the greatest care when working near moving parts 7 f Do not put your hands near the engine fan Do not attem...

Страница 4: ... non inflammables 4 Des gouttes de laitier en fusion sont émises de l arc de soudage Se protéger avec des vêtements de protection libres de l huile tels que les gants en cuir chemise épaisse pan talons sans revers et chaussures montantes 5 Toujours porter des lunettes de sécurité dans la zone de soudage Utiliser des lunettes avec écrans lateraux dans les zones où l on pique le laitier 6 Eloigner l...

Страница 5: ...g Wire 13 Making a Weld 14 Overload Protection Shutdown 14 Wire Feed Overload Protection 14 Learning to Weld 15 The Arc Welding Circuit 15 The Self Shielded FCAW Welding Arc 15 Machine Setup for the Self Shielded FCAW Process 16 Welding Techniques for the Self Shielded FCAW Process 16 Common Metals 17 Types of Welds 18 Welding Procedures 18 Welding in the Vertical Position 18 The GMAW MIG Welding ...

Страница 6: ...acement parts for or information on this equipment always supply the information you have recorded above 6 Thank You for selecting a QUALITY product by Lincoln Electric We want you to take pride in operating this Lincoln Electric Company product as much pride as we have in bringing this product to you Read this Operators Manual completely before attempting to use this equipment Save this manual an...

Страница 7: ...with the SP 100 on thicker materials than recommended may result in poor welds The welds may look good but may just be sitting on top of the plate This is called cold casting and will result in weld failure 035 0 9 mm Dia NR 211 MP Electrode Wire 025 0 6 mm Dia L 56 GMAW Innershield FCAW Shielding Gas CO2 or blended None Self Shielded Electrode Polarity Positive Negative Minimum Gauge 24 ga 0 6 mm...

Страница 8: ...ECIFICATIONS 1 Requires optional Innershield Welding Kit INSTALLATION 8 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Read the safety precautions at the beginning of this Operator s Manual before proceeding Only personnel that have read and under stood the SP 100 Operating Manual should install and operate this equipment Machine must be plugged into a receptacle which is grounded per any national local or other applic able ...

Страница 9: ...ne to gun connector block G Gun trigger lead connectors H Circuit breaker Protects machine from damage if maximum output is exceeded Button will extend out when tripped Manual reset I Wire spool spindle J Gas solenoid inlet fitting K Power cord L Spring loaded pressure arm adjusts pressure of idle roll on wire M Wire feed gearbox and gun connector block N Wire feed section door With application ch...

Страница 10: ...00 case front Make sure the connector is all the way in the metal connector block to obtain proper gas flow Rotate the connector so control leads are on the underside and tighten the thumbscrew in the connector block 4 Connect the insulated control lead terminals to the two insulated 1 4 6 4 mm tab connector bushings located above the Gun Trigger Connection decal in the wire feed section Either le...

Страница 11: ...e C Fully reinstall the thumbscrew and check for proper brake force to prevent spool overrun but allow smooth and easy wire feeding If not repeat Load an 8 200 mm diameter spool on the wire spool spindle shown above To use 4 100 mm diameter spools the 2 50 mm diameter spindle must be removed Remove the thumb screw at the end of the shaft and remove the spindle It can be stored in the wire feed com...

Страница 12: ...isted 5 For CO2 open the cylinder valve slowly For argon mixed gas open cylinder valve slowly a fraction of a turn When the cylinder pressure gauge pointer stops moving open the valve fully 6 If using a regulator with an adjustable flowmeter close the gun trigger and adjust the flow to give 15 20 cubic ft per hour CFH 7 10 L min use 20 25 CFH 10 12 L min when welding out of posi tion or in a draft...

Страница 13: ...mm factory installed liner is color coded orange See Maintenance and Troubleshooting Section for instructions on installing liner and contact tip in gun K467 Input Line Cord Same as line cord supplied with the SP 100 but has a NEMA type 5 20P plug for use on a 25 amp branch circuit with a nominal voltage rating of 115 volts to 125 volts 60 hertz Install per the following 1 Turn the SP 100 Power Sw...

Страница 14: ...machine The SP 100 has both a thermostat and a circuit break er to protect the machine from damage if the maxi mum output is exceeded If either device is tripped there will be no wire feed or output voltage when the gun trigger is depressed The fan will continue to run CAUTION If the machine shuts down due to an output overload first check the circuit breaker which is located on the inside panel o...

Страница 15: ...duce vomiting Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person Call a physi cian The gun and cable assembly is held by the operator who guides the automatically fed wire along the joint maintaining a contact tip to work distance of about 3 8 to 1 2 inch 10 12 mm this is called electrical stick out This electrical stickout ESO must be properly maintained by the operator The electric arc is mad...

Страница 16: ... nozzle to give improved visibility 6 Connect work clamp to metal to be welded Work clamp must make good electrical contact to the workpiece The workpiece must also be grounded as stated in Arc Welding Safety Precautions sec tion of this manual WELDING TECHNIQUES FOR THE SELF SHIELDED FCAW PROCESS Four simple manipulations are of prime importance With complete mastery of the four welding will be e...

Страница 17: ...ctrical stickout ESO is the distance from the end of the contact tip to the end of the wire Once the arc has been established maintaining the correct ESO becomes extremely important The ESO should be approximately 3 8 to 1 2 inch 10 to 12 mm long The easiest way to tell whether the ESO is the correct length is by listening to its sound The correct ESO has a distinctive crackling sound very much li...

Страница 18: ...wo plates keeping the gun slightly tilted in the direction of travel Watch the molten metal to be sure it distributes itself evenly on both edges and in between the plates Penetration Unless a weld penetrates close to 100 of the metal thickness a butt weld will be weaker than the material welded together In this example the total weld is only half the thickness of the material thus the weld is onl...

Страница 19: ...he molten weld metal from atmospheric contaminan t s such as oxygen and nitrogen Shielding gas is sup plied through the gun and cable assembly through the gas nozzle and into the welding zone The shielding gas has several other functions besides protecting the molten weld metal It helps shape the cross section of the weld deposit may increase or decrease arc temperature stabilizes the arc and reg ...

Страница 20: ...on light gauge mater ial weld from right to left if right handed pushing the electrode ahead of the arc see figure following This technique results in a colder weld and has less ten dency for burnthrough You may weld in the opposite direction as long as you are obtaining desirable results The Correct Way to Strike an Arc 1 The arc is struck the same as for self shielded FCAW welding However for ea...

Страница 21: ...e drag angle 6 Check for correct gas if used If Arc Blow Occurs in order of importance NOTE Try different ground connection locations before adjusting procedures 1 Decrease drag angle 2 Increase stickout 3 Decrease voltage V 4 Decrease WFS wire feed speed oIo and voltage V 5 Decrease travel speed To Eliminate Stubbing in order of importance 1 Increase voltage V 2 Decrease WFS wire feed speed oIo 3...

Страница 22: ...emove gun and cable from machine Remove gas nozzle and contact tip from gun Lay cable out straight blow out gently with compressed air Bend cable back and forth blow out again Repeat until clean CAUTION Excessive pressure at start may cause the dirt to form a plug Perodically As Required Blow dirt out of the welder with low pressure air to eliminate excessive dirt and dust buildup that could cause...

Страница 23: ...t be installed onto the end of the gun tube With the gas nozzle and diffuser removed from the gun tube be sure the cable is straight and then trim the liner to the length shown in the diagram below Remove any burrs from the end of the liner Screw the gas diffuser onto the end of the gun tube and securely tighten Replace the contact tip and nozzle Replace internal gun handle parts as necessary The ...

Страница 24: ...ol or reel empty Install new spool or reel Drive Roll size incorrect Change Drive Roll Refer to proper section Drive Roll worn Replace Wire Drive release open Close wire drive release Wire welded to tip Peel wire off or use new tip Kink or bend in Wire Remove wire cut out kink reload wire Tip or cable liner to small for wire Insert correct tip or liner Trigger circuit connections loose Check conne...

Страница 25: ...defective seals Arc unstable Wrong welding polarity Check polarity Refer to proper section Erratic or Intermittent Wrong size worn and or Replace tip remove any spatter on end of tip Arc Poor Starting melted contact tip Hunting Arc Worn work cable or poor connections Inspect repair or replace as necessary Loose electrode connections Be sure electrode lead is tight gun cable tight in wire feeder co...

Страница 26: ... HEATSINK 208 209 203 5K WIRE SPEED 205 206 207 5K 32 J1 J2 C ONNECTOR CAVITY NUMBER ARC VOLTAGE R1 R2 W B 7 32A N A N C ON OFF N C N D N D 24 VAC AUX WDG NOTES N A DIODES D1 D3 ARE MOUNTED ON THE OUTSIDE HEATSINK N C COMPONENT VIEWED FROM REAR HIGH VOLTAGE can kill Only qualified persons should install use or service this machine Do not operate with covers removed Do not touch electrically live p...

Страница 27: ......

Страница 28: ... 216 383 2259 and ask for the Welding School Registrar Lincoln Welding School BASIC COURSE 700 00 5 weeks of fundamentals There is a 10 discount on all orders of 50 00 or more for shipment at one time to one location Orders of 50 or less before discount or orders outside of North America must be prepaid with charge check or money order in U S Funds Only Prices include shipment by 4thClass Book Rat...

Страница 29: ...h electrically live parts or electrode with skin or wet clothing Insulate yourself from work and ground No toque las partes o los electrodos bajo carga con la piel o ropa moja da Aislese del trabajo y de la tierra Ne laissez ni la peau ni des vête ments mouillés entrer en contact avec des pièces sous tension Isolez vous du travail et de la terre Berühren Sie keine stromführenden Teile oder Elektro...

Страница 30: ...r gute Be und Entlüftung des Arbeitsplatzes Mantenha seu rosto da fumaça Use ventilação e exhaustão para remover fumo da zona respiratória Turn power off before servicing Desconectar el cable de ali mentación de poder de la máquina antes de iniciar cualquier servicio Débranchez le courant avant l entre tien Strom vor Wartungsarbeiten abschalten Netzstrom völlig öff nen Maschine anhalten Não opere ...

Страница 31: ...n the warranty period Written notification is recommended WARRANTY REPAIR If Lincoln s inspection of the equipment confirms the exis tence of a defect covered by this warranty the defect will be corrected by repair or replacement at Lincoln s option WARRANTY COSTS You must bear the cost of shipping the equipment to a Lincoln Service Center or Field Service Shop as well as return shipment to you fr...

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