
ERA MD
40
RU
cod. 3540Z410 - 03/2011 (Rev.00)
ȿɫɥɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɠɟ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɣ
,
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ
.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɣɬɟ
,
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɹ
,
ɤɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɷɬɨ ɫɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
.
ɪɢɫ
. 13 -
Ʉɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɪɢɫ
. 14 -
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɩɨɝɨɞɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɥɶɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦ
A
ȿɫɥɢ ɤ ɤɨɬɥɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦ
(
ɨɩɰɢɹ
),
ɜɵɲɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢ
,
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ
1.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɩɭɥɶɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
(
ɩɨɡ
. 5 -
ɪɢɫ
. 1)
ɜɵɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
,
ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɚɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
. 1
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ
,
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɩɨ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɥɟ ɜɨɞɨɦɟɪɚ
,
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
1,0
ɛɚɪ
.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɩɚɥɨ ɧɢɠɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
,
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ
F37 (
ɪɢɫ
. 15).
ɪɢɫ
. 15 -
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
A
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬ ɰɢɤɥ ɫɩɭɫɤɚ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
:
ɨɧ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɥɢɬɶɫɹ
120
ɫɟɤɭɧɞ
,
ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ
FH.
3.
ɆɈɇɌȺɀ
3.1
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȺ ɂ ɇȺɋɌɊɈɃɄȺ ȽɈɊȿɅɄɂ ȾɈɅɀɇȺ ɈɋɍɓȿɋɌȼɅəɌɖɋə ɌɈɅɖɄɈ
ɋɉȿɐɂȺɅɂɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕɆ
ɉȿɊɋɈɇȺɅɈɆ
,
ɂɆȿɘɓɂɆ
ɉɊɈȼȿɊȿɇɇɍɘ
ɄȼȺɅɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɘ
,
ɉɊɂ
ɋɈȻɅɘȾȿɇɂɂ
ɉɊɂȼȿȾȿɇɇɕɏ
ȼ
ɇȺɋɌɈəɓȿɆ
ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɈɆ ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɋɌȼȿ ɍɄȺɁȺɇɂɃ
,
ɉɊȿȾɉɂɋȺɇɂɃ ȾȿɃɋɌȼɍɘɓȿȽɈ
ɁȺɄɈɇɈȾȺɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȺ
,
ɉɈɅɈɀȿɇɂɃ ɆȿɋɌɇɕɏ ɇɈɊɆ ɂ ɉɊȺȼɂɅ
,
ɂ ȼ
ɋɈɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼɂɂ ɋ ɉɊɂɇəɌɕɆɂ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɆɂ ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂəɆɂ
.
3.2
Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
,
ɢɦɟɸɳɟɦ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ
,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɸ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ
.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɢɥɢ
ɜɵɬɹɠɧɵɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɵ
,
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
,
ɬɨ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ
,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ
.
ȼ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
,
ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɝɧɟɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ
>
ɢɥɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
,
ɟɞɤɢɟ ɝɚɡɵ
,
ɩɵɥɶ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
,
ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ
ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ
.
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɭɯɢɦ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɞɨɠɞɹ
,
ɫɧɟɝɚ ɢɥɢ
ɦɨɪɨɡɚ
.
A
ȿɫɥɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɟɛɟɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɤɨɦ ɤ ɫɬɟɧɟ
,
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ
,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ
ɤɨɠɭɯɚ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ
.
3.3
Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ
,
ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɟ
,
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ
.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ
ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɚ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ
.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɫɟɱɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɛɵ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɨɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
.
B
ɋɥɢɜɧɨɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɨ ɫ
ɜɨɪɨɧɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɥ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
.
ȼ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ
ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ
.
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ
.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɦɨɣɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɬɟɥ
,
ɦɨɝɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɛ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɲɬɭɰɟɪɚɦ
,
ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ
cap. 5.1
ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦ
,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɟ
.
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
,
ɟɫɥɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
25° Fr (1°F = 10
ɩɩɦ
CaCO3),
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɤɢɩɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɥɟ
.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɢɠɟ
15°F (
Ⱦɉ
236/88
ɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɜɨɞɵ
,
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ
).
ȼɨɞɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
,
ɟɫɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɩɢɬɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
.
B
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɚ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ
ɭɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɹ
,
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɢɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ
ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ
.
ɇɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ
ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɦɚɝɧɢɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɨɞɚ ɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɹ
,
ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɚɧɬɢɮɪɢɡɵ
,
ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɢ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɵ
Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɹ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɞɵ
,
ɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
,
ɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɠɟ
6°C.
ɗɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɨɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ
/
ɢɥɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ
.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɮɪɢɡɨɜ
,
ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɢ
ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɨɜ
,
ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
,
ɟɫɥɢ ɢɯ
ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɚɟɬ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɸ
,
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɳɭɸ
,
ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɭ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɳɢɦ ɢ
/
ɢɥɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ
,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
.
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
-
ɚɧɬɢɮɪɢɡɵ
,
ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɢ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɵ
,
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɢ ɧɟɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ
,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
.
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɛɨɣɥɟɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ Ƚȼɋ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɬɚ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ
ɛɨɣɥɟɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ Ƚȼɋ
.
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ
Ƚȼɋ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɪɢɫ
. 26 (
ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɢ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɟ
ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ
).
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ
:
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ
cap. 5.4.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ
LAMBORGHINI.
ɉɪɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɨɡɧɚɟɬ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ
ɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ ɧɢɦ
,
ɜɵɯɵɜɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Ƚȼɋ
.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɩɭɥɶɬɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦ
,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɩɭɥɶɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ
.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
(
Ƚȼɋ
)
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɩɭɥɶɬɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦ
,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɩɭɥɶɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ
.
ɉɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ
"
Ʌɟɬɨ
"/
"
Ɂɢɦɚ
"
Ɋɟɠɢɦ
"
Ʌɟɬɨ
"
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɧɚɞ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɣ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɩɭɥɶɬɚ Ⱦɍ ɫ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦ
.
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ
ECO/COMFORT
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ Ƚȼɋ ɫ ɩɭɥɶɬɚ Ⱦɍ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ
"Eco-
nomy".
ȼ
ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ
7
ɪɢɫ
. 1 -
ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ
.
ɉɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ Ƚȼɋ ɫ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ Ⱦɍ ɫ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦ ɤɨɬɟɥ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ
Comfort.
ȼ
ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ
7
ɪɢɫ
. 1 -
ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ
ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ
.
ɉɥɚɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ
ɫ ɩɭɥɶɬɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ
:
ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
,
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɤɨɬɥɚ
.
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
85
20
10
0
-10
-20
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
7
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
85
20
10
0
-10
-20
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
7
20
10
0
-10
-20
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
85
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
7
OFFSET = 20
OFFSET = 40
IIIIIII
IIIIII
IIII
I
IIII
IIII
IIII
IIII
IIII
IIII
IIII
IIII
IIII
IIII
III
III
III
IIII
IIIIII
IIIIIIIII
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
IIIIII
IIII
IIII
IIIIII
IIIII
IIII
IIII
IIII
IIII
IIII
IIII
IIII
I
ɪɢɫ
. 16 -
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɛɨɣɥɟɪɨɦ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
8 -
ȼɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɲɬɭɰɟɪ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ
Ƚȼɋ
9 -
ȼɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɲɬɭɰɟɪ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ Ƚȼɋ
10 -
ɉɨɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɜ
ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
11 -
Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɢɡ
ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
8
9
10
11