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Содержание Sigma 70

Страница 1: ...1 Instruments VJ T 111 i Sigma 70 Instruction Manual Version 1 v ...

Страница 2: ... Control Panel 25 Experiments Surface Interfacial Tension Theory Measurement Experimental setup Contact Angle Theory Measurement Experimental Setup Powder Wettability Theory Measurement Experimental Setup Critical Micelle Concentration 27 32 37 39 46 50 52 55 58 Theory Measurement Experimental Setup 60 63 69 Data Analvsis Reduction Overview 71 2 ...

Страница 3: ...Angle 75 Browse Powder Wettability 79 Browse Critical Micelle Concentration 83 Surface Free Energy Calculations Data Graphics 86 Data Export 88 System Diagnostics Calibration 90 Appendix Technical Thermostation Dispensers Reports 92 93 94 95 3 ...

Страница 4: ...n and modular construction should allow you to adapt your instrument to a wide variety of applications The software included with this instrument will allow you to easily perform a variety of preprogrammed experiments which you can modify to your particular needs The data is stored to your hard drive and can be retrieved and analyzed later If you wish to utilize other data reduction software the d...

Страница 5: ...r must be connected to a grounded wall socket Ungrounded wall sockets may cause dangerous voltages between the instrument computer and real ground The platinum iridium Wilhelmy plate is an excellent catalyst for the oxidation of methanol vapor This reaction is very exothermic In experiments in which the Wilhelmy plate is positioned above reagent grade methanol this reaction may cause dangerous hea...

Страница 6: ...aximum Load 440 mN m Maximum Resolution 0 0003 mN m Plate Maximum Load 1320 mN m Maximum Resolution 001 mN m These are the theoretical limits of resolution based on accuracy of balance and length of probes In actual practice reproducibility of surface and probe limit reproducibility of data to about 0 01 mN m Lifting Svstem Stage Speed Speed Adjustment Maximum Stroke Motor 0 1 to 40 mm min 1 7 to ...

Страница 7: ...e in situations where the weight of the probe exceeds range of balance Between the two hooks is the travel lock It should only be used when moving your Sigma70 Range selection and coarse taring are adjusted from the front panel of the Measuring Unit The analogue meter on the left shows the active measuring range of the instrument When a force is applied to the balance the needle will move downward...

Страница 8: ...ithin the active range after taring If you are close to the limits of the active range it may be wise to select a less sensitive range because the additional force when the probe contacts the liquid may cause the forces to go out of active range Lifting System The_stage of your Sigma70 is lifted by a DC motor to ensure vibration free movement The DC motor is servo controlled and speed is detected ...

Страница 9: ...e probe Sample vessel Holder ring Vessel holder Water connector a a Direction of water flow rr N t Fixing screws The jacket is composed of teflon with a stainless steel insert An additional insert is supplied to adapt system for 50mm vessel The system is connected through no leak valves out the back of the measuring unit and to the circulator The circulating tubing should be connected such that th...

Страница 10: ...ply voltages to electronics and takes care of communication between computer and other devices There is one line in each channel that is chained from device to device For this reason there are jumpers installed one for each channel that short this line if the slot is empty Corresponding jumpers must be removed if a circuit card is plugged to a slot The data bus includes 11 connectors 5 in the fron...

Страница 11: ...splay cards are capable of showing six 7 segment numbers Display cards can be inserted directly into the empty slots of the data bus There are up to six slots especially meant for the display cards covered by a red antiglare filter The display shows either the input or output values of any desired device The basic configuration of the mainframe includes three display cards showing the force applie...

Страница 12: ...rface unit It should appear as below on Dp The lower row of buttons is labeled as Probe These buttons control the relative distance between the probe and the vessel If the 41 button is pressed the distance between the probe and the stage will increase and the probe seems to be lifted from the vessel it is actually the stage that is moving downwards So all direction markings are for the probe not f...

Страница 13: ...e Ring Reform Tool Computer The instrument should be placed on a vibration free table in an area where local air currents are at a minimum It is helpful if running water and a flame source bunsen burner are nearby Leveling may be done using adjustable legs at rear of Measuring Unit but as both hanging probes and liquid surface are self leveling this is not critical Once your instrument has been se...

Страница 14: ...s from devices to these ports Devices include Measuring Unit Manual Control Unit optional and Dispensers optional Important Any port which is NOT connected to a device must have a jumper attached to 2 pin post to right of port If any port does not have either a device or jumper the circuits will not be complete and computer will not recognize any devices When we send you your Sigma70 it should be ...

Страница 15: ...a70 is programmed to perform a series of experiments which you can modify to suit your particular needs Your choices include Surface Interfacial Tension Contact Angle Powder Wettability and Critical Micelle Concentration Experimental Setup Once a pre programmed experiment has been chosen the computer must be informed of various parameters specific to the current experiment The values for these par...

Страница 16: ... data for that experiment will be displayed You then have the option of viewing and editing the Experimental setup This can be very helpful if you wish to recalculate the data produced based on new information about the materials involved For example if you performed a contact angle experiment and estimated the perimeter of your probe to be 1Omm and later found that the actual perimeter was 11mm y...

Страница 17: ...ta analysis software Should appear as below Exit closes Sigma software Experiments opens Run Experiments drop down menu Should appear as follows Hun f xpriiim nt Expenm nts ContactAngle Measurement BrowseContactAngle Measurements CMCMeasurement Browse CMCMeasurements Powder Wettability Measurement Browse PowderWettability Measurements Surface Tension Measurement BrowseSurfaceTension Measurements S...

Страница 18: ...mmunicating with your computer is indicated On the left of the screen under the heading Control Panel are the following buttons Autostart when active starts Control Panel automatically with Main Menu Start Minimized Control Panel will be minimized when started Start Normally Control Panel will be full sized when started Below this menu you will find a selection of icons The function of these icons...

Страница 19: ... Opens Browse Powder Wettability SSI Opens Browse Critical Micelle Concentration Opens Surface Free Energy Calculations Open the portion of the software you desire by double clicking appropriate icon 19 ...

Страница 20: ...hich can be used for scrolling and editing The functions of the buttons are as follows Jli Move to top of list Jtl Move one space toward top of list Ld Move one space toward bottom of list LuJ Move to bottom of list L J Add new item to list JLI Delete item from list Ld Edit item on list change field values for current item ll Post new item entered JiJ Cancel edit The page for editing Users should ...

Страница 21: ...iquid yE polar component of surface tension yd dispersive component of surface tension yh hydrogen bonding component of surface tension MW Molecular weight of liquid The page for editing solids should appear as follows 3 l dit database U er Liquid i addition Probei Ve Hs Sf f 3 2 cm3 5 b fr v Ccompl graphl graph2 indium poly2 mN m MW J zJ M I M f A OK Cancel The names of your solids are edited as ...

Страница 22: ...IT Piobe R rino 9 545 mm R wnaj Correction P Con Me 5159 rct Custom Rate Rate Custom Rod Custom Round Rod Rod iound Rod round Ring Rate Rod 0 185 mm Powdei J bd_F ing Jwiheimy Method jJ Ring Method d 1 W J j Help m Add the name of your new probe as above You must select a Type for your new probe The additional fields on the page vary with the type of probe selected They are as follows Custom Plate...

Страница 23: ...ension by DuNouy ring method Wilhelmv Method Surface tension contact angle by Wilhelmy plate method The page for editing Vessels should appear as follows 3 Edit database efs j Liquids S afefc Pfotx j IHBEHT1 GO mm Diameter Max Volume 120 ml J zi I W I I I H IP I OK Cancel Add the name of your new vessel as above The vessel should be cylindrical in shape If it is not this will only effect calculati...

Страница 24: ...rom thermistor pH reading from pH probe The lower portion of the screen contains controls for the devices and is divided into five pages as follows Probe control buttons include Zero zeros current value of stage position Up moves stage down therefore probe up away from liquid Stop stops movement of stage Down moves stage up therefore probe down toward liquid Speed arrow may be moved to adjust stag...

Страница 25: ...Stop stops software control of circulator Bath sends target value command to circulator does not respond to feedback from thermistor Control sets full responsive control of circulator to Sigma70 Min field value for minimum allowed temperature Set Value target value for temperature Max field value for maximum allowed temperature 25 ...

Страница 26: ...effect of this situation is the presence of free energy at the surface The excess energy is called surface free energy and can be quantified as a measurement of energy area It is also possible to describe this situation as having a line tension or surface tension which is quantified as a force length measurement The common units for surface tension are dynes cm or mN m These units are equivalent S...

Страница 27: ...The forces experienced by the balance as the probe interacts with the surface of the liquid can be used to calculate surface tension The forces present in this situation depend on the following factors size and shape of the probe contact angle of the liquid solid interaction and surface tension of the liquid The size and shape of the probe are easily controlled The contact angle is controlled to b...

Страница 28: ...face the measured force starts to increase 6 The force keeps increasing until 7 The maximum force is reached 8 After the maximum there is a small decrease of in the force until the lamella breaks The calculation of surface or interfacial tension by this technique is based on the measurement of this maximum force The depth of immersion of the ring and the level to which it is raised when it experie...

Страница 29: ... will notice this event by the change in forces it experiences It will register the height at which this occurs as the zero depth of immersion The plate will then be wetted to a set depth to insure that there is indeed complete wetting of the plate zero contact angle When the plate is later returned to the zero depth of immersion the force it registers can be used to calculate surface tension Meta...

Страница 30: ...ent of the geometry of a fine rod are likely to be less accurate on a basis than the measurement of your larger probes Therefore this approach should only be used in situations where the volume of liquid available is an issue The calculations for this technique are based on the same principles as the Wilhelmy plate method References General A W Adamson Physical Chemistry of Surfaces Wiley Sons 197...

Страница 31: ...roceed as explained below You may wish to lower your probe close to the surface prior to actually starting your experiment to avoid a long delay as the probe should move slowly during the actual experiment As the experiment proceeds you may find it helpful to monitor the comments in the Status bar at bottom of window Termination of the experiment is automatic After you have filled out the Experime...

Страница 32: ... cycle Lower graph shows Surface Tension vs Time for entire experiment All graphs scaled and updated automatically In upper right comer is current status readings of three parameters Time Position Pos and Force length F L Below current data is a chart of Measured Values for the experiment showing the mean value and standard deviation of surface tension measurements To start an experiment Choose Co...

Страница 33: ...ension values which will be measured Min Meas Time minimum amount of time for which experiment will run Two check boxes also appear on the screen Zero When Wet when active probe will be tared after each wetting when inactive probe will tare once for dry plate at start of experiment when active plate will wet only once at start of experiment when inactive plate will rewet prior to each ST measureme...

Страница 34: ...e measurement Integrate time over which software integrates data to calculate surface tension Detect Range amount of change in force on balance which will register contact with interface Start Position position above interface to which probe will return between measurements Reset Speed speed at which probe will return to start position Two Buttons are also available Zero Balance zeros value on bal...

Страница 35: ...mum number of surface tension values which will be measured Min Meas Time minimum amount of time for experiment You will also find a check box for Autozero When this is active the software will automatically tare the balance to zero when the experiment is started When it is not active the balance will start experiment with current value Along the bottom of the window are four buttons Probe Down lo...

Страница 36: ... between measurements Detect Range amount of force change to indicate contact with interface Start Depth depth at which ring will start slow rise to measurement Go Below Start depth to which ring will be wetted at start Return Position height above interface to which probe returns at end Reset Speed speed at which probe moves to final position Two Buttons are also available Zero Balance zeros valu...

Страница 37: ...l prompt you to fill in required data There are two ways to enter information in the fields You can use information stored in Data Base by using drop down menu beside each field If you would like to use values which are not available from drop down menu then you should click on Edit Data Base and enter data as described pg 20 This data will now become part of drop down menu selections Alternately ...

Страница 38: ...s to liquid In interfacial tension refers to liquid on bottom See Edit Data Base Liquids pg21 for details on field definitions Light Phase The fields under this heading refer to the fluid with lower density In surface tension this refers to air In interfacial tension refers to upper liquid See Edit Data Base Liquids pg21 for details on field definitions Additions The fields under this heading refe...

Страница 39: ... the liquid is said to wet the solid If it is greater than 90 it is said to be non wetting A zero contact angle represents complete wetting Hysteresis For any given solid liquid interaction there exists a range of contact angles which may be found The measurement of a single static contact angle to characterize the interaction is no longer thought to be adequate The value of static contact angles ...

Страница 40: ...be tested is then hung on the balance and tared The liquid is then raised to contact the solid When the solid contacts the liquid the change in forces is detected and your Sigma70 registers this elevation as zero depth of immersion As the solid is pushed into the liquid the forces on the balance are recorded The forces on the balance are Ftotal wetting force weight of probe buoyancy Your Sigma70 h...

Страница 41: ... is immersed buoyant force increases causing a decrease in force on the balance Advancing angles forces are measured 4 After having reached the desired depth the sample is pulled out of the liquid Receding contact angle forces are measured o The contact angles measured in this way are termed Dynamic Contact Angles The difference between advanced and advancing receded and receding is that in the st...

Страница 42: ...ilable so that he can immerse a portion of his solid in it Secondly the solid in question must be available in samples which meet the following constraints The sample must be formed or cut in a regular geometry such that it has a constant perimeter over a portion of it s length Rods plates or fibers of known perimeter are ideal The sample must have the same surface on all sides which contact the l...

Страница 43: ...rts for such an application Ideally the coating should be applied to all sides If you reduce the size of your sample by cutting after coating you will expose part of the support which is not coated This will introduce an error in your data especially if the cut side is rough Your data may be consistent enough to compare between similarly treated samples but the absolute values will not be accurate...

Страница 44: ...of a liquid solid interaction To characterize the thermodynamics of the solid surface itself more elaborate analysis is required Two basic approaches are recommended Both approaches involve testing the interaction of the solid with a variety of wetting liquids Critical Surface Tension Using a series of homologous liquids of differing surface tensions a graph of cos0 vs y is produced It will be fou...

Страница 45: ...sical Chemisrtv of Surfaces Wiley Sons 1976 S Wu Polymer Interface Adhesion Marcel dekker N Y 1982 J D Andrade in Surface Interfacial Aspects of Biomedical Polymers Vol 1 Plenum Press N Y 1985 R L BendurQ J ColloidInterface Sci 42 1 137 144 1973 Hysteresis L W Schwartz S Garoff Langmuir 1 219 230 1985 J H Wang P M Claesson J L Parker H Yasuda T gwwz 10 3887 3897 1994 R E Johnson RH Dettre Co oz i ...

Страница 46: ...ize the counterbalance capabilities of your instrument Many users may choose to run multiple cycles for contact angles This approach can yield important data The slope of F L vs Depth may be variable for a single direction and cycle Multiple cycles can help to differentiate vibrational noise from actual variability Noise will be random actual variability will be consistent for multiple cycles Also...

Страница 47: ... 7 8 9 1 0 Immersion Depth mm d Status Waiting tot Stwt The items across the top bar menu are as follows File New experiment Enter Experimental Setup for new experiment Exit Close window Edit Edit Data Base View View current Experimental Setup Cont Controls Window to enter control selections and start experiment Help Help text On the left of the screen is a graph of Force Wetted Length vs Immersio...

Страница 48: ...ession of selected data Cos6 calculated value of Cos0 at zero DOE From cosG F L B y P 0 calculated value of 0 Calculated as above To start an experiment choose Controls from the Top Menu The following window should appear Measurement Controls Speed Up Hf Zj Speed Down Start Der i 2 0 j Immersion Depth 10 0 C Ignore Fi ni ZO J Noof Cycles ItvnAnh 5 0 j rnm mm rrm mm Options I Stop Start Probe Up I ...

Страница 49: ...f probe or stops experiment if active Start Starts experiment Options Button view window of additional controls Window should appear as follows r TControl Options i W t Between I Sample Interval 5 j tec Tbtj rnN m Detect Range Return Position I j Reset Speed 40 0 yj mm mn Zero Balance Zero Portion Set the fields to your preference as follows Wait Between delay at end of each cycle to allow emmerse...

Страница 50: ...Two Buttons are also available Zero Balance zeros value on balance Zero Position zeros value of position at present level 50 ...

Страница 51: ...o start and will prompt you to fill in required data There are two ways to enter information in the fields You can use information stored in Data Base by using drop down menu beside each field If you would like to use values which are not available from drop down menu then you should click on Edit Data Base and enter data as described pg 20 This data will now become part of drop down menu selectio...

Страница 52: ...rin you would enter the shape of the solid above Probe and the attributes of the material delrin here See Edit Data Base pg21 for details on field definitions Liquid The fields under this heading refer to the test liquid There is an additional highlighted field y recent surface tension measurement obtained by user on test liquid If you wish to change it you may See Edit data Base pg21 for details ...

Страница 53: ...ce and analyzing the shape of the drop formed With either a porous solid or powder packed to approximate a flat surface penetration of the liquid into the pores or spaces between particles may occur If the real contact angle between the liquid and the solid is less than 90 spontaneous penetration will occur Spontaneous as used in this context refers to the thermodynamic favorability of the event T...

Страница 54: ...e this situation an experiment is performed in which the contact angle may be assumed to be zero This should occur when a liquid with very low surface tension is used see Contact Angle Theory section for this argument N hexane would be an appropriate choice When such an experiment is performed the material constant for the solid may be solved for slope r C p2 y It is then possible to perform the s...

Страница 55: ...ts has also found that vibrational packing using a modified audio speaker can yield very reproducible results In any case the container which you use to hold your powder will also contribute to the change in forces when it contacts the surface Especially in the first few seconds the container may contribute a significant amount to the total changes of force on the balance It is therefore useful to...

Страница 56: ...alibration file when analyzing the data Choose New Experiment to enter Experimental Setup Complete Exp Setup see pg 58 Select Controls and proceed as explained below You may wish to lower your probe close to the surface prior to actually starting your experiment to avoid a long delay as the probe should move slowly during the actual experiment As the experiment proceeds you may find it helpful to ...

Страница 57: ... approaches liquid Immersion Depth Depth to which probe will go after contact with surface Sample Interval Rate at which measurements are taken Meas Time Time over which measurements will be taken Detect Range Change in F L which indicates contact with surface Return Position Height above surface to which probe will return at end Reset Speed Speed at which probe returns at end of experiment You wi...

Страница 58: ...Probe Up raises probe Probe Down lowers probe Zero Balance zeros value on balance Zero Position zeros value of position at present level 58 ...

Страница 59: ...of the experiment You do not need to fill all fields If you try to start an experiment but have not filled in a necessary field the software will not allow you to start and will prompt you to fill in required data There are two ways to enter information in the fields You can use information stored in Data Base by using drop down menu beside each field If you would like to use values which are not ...

Страница 60: ... this heading refer to the object which will be hung on the balance hook and interacted with the test liquid For porous solids enter the shape and size of solid For powder enter shape and size of container holding powder See Edit Data Base pg22 for details on field definitions Solid The fields under this heading refer to the solid which will be loaded in the sleeve Vessel The fields under this hea...

Страница 61: ...y additional notes to be added to the record Start starts experiment disabled until necessary fields are filled Cancel cancels experiment Edit Database allows user to edit menu of choices available to fill in fields in Exp setup 61 ...

Страница 62: ...uch as hydrocarbons is said to be hydrophobic Molecules containing both types of components are said to be amphiphilic hydrophobic hydrophilic Amphiphilic Molecule Such molecules display distinct behavior when interacting with water The polar part of the molecule seeks to interact with water while the non polar part shuns interaction with water There are two ways in which such a molecule achieve b...

Страница 63: ...rrangement on the surface As the surface becomes crowded with surfactant more molecules will arrange into micelles At some concentration the surface becomes completely loaded with surfactant and any further additions must arrange as micelles This concentration is called the Critical Micelle Concentration CMC How is Critical Micelle Concentration Measured Surface tension may be used to measure CMC ...

Страница 64: ...he section of the graph where surface tension displays a linear decrease with increasing log concentration of concentration The second line is the baseline of minimal surface tension In real life situations the transitions in the above graph may be more gradual For multicomponent systems there may be a dip in the data where the surface tension has lower values just before the CMC and higher values...

Страница 65: ...ny addition Next the first addition will be made If you wish you have the option of making this a large addition set value as described below to bring the system closer to a known CMC value The instrument will then stir your solution Next values of surface tension will be measured Frequently after the addition of surfactants the values of surface tension will take some time to stabilize You must s...

Страница 66: ...riment for the first few minutes to ensure you have prepared everything correctly Termination of the experiment is automatic If you need to interrupt the procedure click Pause make necessary adjustments then click Start After you have filled out the Experimental Setup fields and entered Start your screen should appear as follows K Cmr Measuicmcnt r iob fcjelp ForceWetted length rriN m 80 Timeftl P...

Страница 67: ... and fill or dispense added component Stirrer Controls controls for stirrer Should appear as follows a Stirrer Controls Stirring Rate fffi Stop Go This panel allows you to manipulate stirrer outside of the pre programmed experiment You can set stirring rate and activate or terminate stirring Select Dispenser selects type of dispenser used Make choice from drop down menu as below then click OK Sele...

Страница 68: ...ill occur as default Points Decade number of concentrations per decade of log scale assayed Additions will be set for even spacing on log scale Max Dev maximum deviation in three consecutive ST measurements which will be accepted as indication of stability Max Meas Time maximum time ST measurement will occur at single concentration if Max Dev stability not achieved AutoSearch Options as described ...

Страница 69: ...Pos on Set the fields for your preference as follows Speed Up speed of probe upward from liquid Speed Down speed of probe downward into liquid Dwell Down 1 amount of drop in F L as between measurements Dwell Down 2 amount of drop in F L as while stirring Wait Between amount of time delay between measurements Detect Range amount of force change to indicate contact with interface Start Depth depth a...

Страница 70: ...ng Wait Between time delay at start position between consecutive measurements Stabilize time for which probe will remain at interface before measurement Integrate time over which software integrates data to calculate surface tension Detect Range amount of change in force on balance which will register as contact with interface Start Position position above interface to which probe will return betw...

Страница 71: ...r Two buttons are present which allow you to zero reading on balance and stage position 71 ...

Страница 72: ... to fill in required data There are two ways to enter information in the fields You can use information stored in Data Base by using drop down menu beside each field If you would like to use values which are not available from drop down menu then you should click on Edit Data Base and enter data as described pg 20 This data will now become part of drop down menu selections Alternately you may simp...

Страница 73: ...id on bottom See Edit Data Base Liquids pg21 for details on field definitions Light Phase The fields under this heading refer to the fluid with lower density In surface tension this refers to air In interfacial tension refers to upper liquid See Edit Data Base Liquids pg21 for details on field definitions Additions The fields under this heading refer to the additional component which will be added...

Страница 74: ...e graphs of the data make further calculations or export your data to another application All of these functions are performed in the Browse sections of the software and are explained in greater detail under the appropriate section of the manual Each Browse section is based on a common Graphics software which is described in a later section of the manual 74 ...

Страница 75: ...r roagwl dbwl cah2o1 contw n Saar I air Q 12 2 96 4 40 47PM h2o f 2 3 931 15 39PM h2o John Doe John Doe arr d jjpi s Sair M l f 1 Rwuto No 1 fjmaid j forcelr ffi ST mfl rr l j I X Fy i v H 69 48i 9 102 1 2 69 68 281 22 4i 69 77 22 5 SR94I 7 22 4i 70491 22 4j G 64 224 6 541 224 Mean valueJmN m Standard deviation mN m 2 751 21 146 0 77 _ 2 72 3 190 r 4 i 2 78 234 i 5 276 2 75 61 322 d 2 74 The Menu ...

Страница 76: ... choices for the Y axis include Time Force ST surface tension T temperature and pH X 4XH Time s Directly below these icons you will find Find Experiment This is the search engine for your data files it can be used to find any experiment recorded The search responds by finding all files which meet the entered parameters Searches may be as broad or narrow as desired For example you may search for al...

Страница 77: ...mental Setup select View Experimental Setup Make changes in field values as desired Click Accept Edits To recalculate mean and standard deviation select Calculate from Top Menu or use Calculate Icon To view Graph of data Right click on experiment selected The following menu will appear Graph Add to Graph Graph to Calculate Copy Data to ClipBoard Delete Experiment The function of the menu items is ...

Страница 78: ... hand pointer Double click hand pointer and it will change to an inverted triangle Repeat process with right most data point desired Now select Calc Mean from bottom bar Software will calculate mean based on data between two points selected Now click Close Calculated Data table should display calculation of mean ST and standard deviation 78 ...

Страница 79: ... 09 24PM Ccomp ih2o jh2o cd 3 h2o ccomdl I I l l Reiul Receding Advancog 5 feial F L B CosO j 6 1 U iUdv 1091 7 74 p j LldI _ Pi frM FA I CQdi 1 0 I u t 11 22 96 0 321 108 741 33 73 1 3111 0 00 2 fi56 89 2 195 0 001 93 71f1 3111 0 00 7 951 0 111 83 62 1 lAdv j 0 17 5 621 1 021 0 084j 85 171 1lAdyj 0 25 4 44f 5 03 0 070f 85 97i A d v j 0 50 2 9 172 iT024 9 38 j IjAdv1 0 59 4 96 355lit050 92 851 TIA...

Страница 80: ...yancy Cos0 Contact Angle Perimeter and Speed Directly below these icons you will find FndEioo 1171 SoW L jd Name Ut 3 r 3 3 1 Find Experiment This is the search engine for your data files it can be used to find any experiment recorded The search responds by finding all files which meet the entered parameters Searches may be as broad or narrow as desired For example you may search for all experimen...

Страница 81: ...ata to search through all your data A Cycle Select button is present below the data which allows you to select the cycle of the data you wish to view Selecting 0 allows you to view data from all cycles The table on the right represents the calculated values of advancing and receding contact angles for each cycle of the experiment Also presented are the values of F L at zero DOE based on linear reg...

Страница 82: ...sh to calculate angles You cannot calculate angles if more than one cycle of data is on the graph Right click on selected experiment and select Graph to Calculate from drop down menu A graph of the data will appear Now move mouse to section of graph which represents the left most limit of data you wish to consider for calculation When you have the cursor directly on a data point it turns into a ha...

Страница 83: ...recalculate your graphs and contact angles based on this new information See above for details on Edit Exp Setup 83 ...

Страница 84: ... 30 98 4 Iff 13PM dv id John Doe 12 1 901 5934 PM papeiA John Doe 12 1 90 2 0957 PM wWm J h2o dow3 dow4 h2o h2o p db1 3 Wo tmwl I t I Hstereoc E nr nf wA2 R ylU 9 ho 1 TrwWl Ceib 1 M n fl MastMo l hJ 11 0 0 0 000 0 0021 0 000003Ji 0 000i Ttk Vafcie 0 0014 e 0 000000 0 000000 Slope grg s C cos theta mm5 C mmS 2 0 1 0 002 0 000005 0 000005 0 002 3j 0 2 0 000 4j 03 0 00Or 5 0 5j p 0001 61 olij 0 0001...

Страница 85: ... will find d xpsfimart Nan UMB Sold L j d 3 I 3 I 3 Find Experiment This is the search engine for your data files it can be used to find any experiment recorded The search responds by finding all files which meet the entered parameters Searches may be as broad or narrow as desired For example you may search for all experiments performed by a certain user or more specifically for all experiments by...

Страница 86: ... be calibrated to subtract the effects of the container from the data Highlight the experiment you want calibrated Now click Select button in lower right of window Now highlight the file you would like to use as calibration reference experiment with empty container Click OK The data will now be recalculated with the corresponding values from Cal file subtracted out The name of the file you have us...

Страница 87: ...llows Select Experiment to obtain Material Constant Expermenir M Sofcd Urn Date N ne 11 30 98 2 57 12 PMdwwd h2o dow3 Jane Smith j Henry Fnord John DOB h2o dow4 11 30 98 4 18 13 PMdwwd i2 1 981 59 34 PMipapeiA J h2o prdbl Q trii vl 12 1 96 2 09 57 PM Uvhfm John Doe h2o i JaneSmith 12 2 9810 50 51 AM rone JaneSmith 112 2 9811 30 52AMrone h2o calgw i zi h2o cagw2 l I I M Caloiated RmuJii I Ld rule S...

Страница 88: ... ccnc i Tale 1161 StO mN m Base Line mN m Slope mN m Decade cMc Si 61 26 O OOOeO 61 26 61 261 2 262 5519e 5 3 323 55l9e 5 4 305 5 519e 5 5 446 5519e 5 6 566 6 69Ge 5 54 58 50 28 53 50 54 55 9 11 50 4 067e 03 54 30 54 35 54 35 50 50 jJ Jj 52 06 M The Menu across the top bar includes File Delete record deletes data point selected Delete Experiment deletes experiment from files Print Prints report of...

Страница 89: ...ch Highlight the desired experiment by left clicking mouse The results will appear in two tables directly below At the bottom of the screen on the left side is a table of the data for your experiment The columns are defined as follows No number assigned to data point Time time at which point is measured Cone Concentration of added component ST surface tension measured Steq final surface tension as...

Страница 90: ...nd pointer when held on data point Double click on point Pointer should become inverted triangle Repeat for rightmost data point of baseline Click Baseline button Baseline should appear Do not close screen Repeat procedure for calculation of CMC slope portion of graph displaying linear decline of surface tension When end points have been marked click Slope Linear regression of slope should appear ...

Страница 91: ...91 ...

Страница 92: ...ogY Y toggles graph from linear Y axis to LogY axis LogX X toggles graph from linear X axis to LogX axis Zoom Undo Zoom toggles graph from normal to zoom mode Zoom by pointing click and drag box for zoom area Show Menu opens additional options for graphics modification Print Prints graph LinReg Used to calculate linear regression for selected applications Clear Close closes window and clears infor...

Страница 93: ...five pages General Plot Style Subsets Fonts and Color Each of these pages have tools for manipulating graphics Much of the software in this section is self explanatory If you want to know what a button does click it and then click apply If you don t like it click Original to undo change If you are interested in further details click help button for this window The Export button is used to export d...

Страница 94: ... to the Windows clipboard To import this data to another application simply open the application and select Paste from the Edit menu The lists for each type of experiment are structured as follows Surface Tension Five columns of data as follows Time Force on Balance Surface Tension Temperature Contact Angle Eleven columns as follows Point Cycle Direction of motion 0 down l up Depth of immersion Sp...

Страница 95: ... Object Size either as width and units for Metafile or width and pixels for Bitmap Select Export To export your data as a list select Text Data Only Select an export destination and then select Export The following screen should appear M I tp iii Foicc pci l ength SUMeli and Parii xport vghat AID 5 toded Dtfe Sitoek toExpor aj C Data andi Dauro Expert r y Jr V Sift IGT 1 Export t 4e F Lut Oafcfrxt...

Страница 96: ...ited should fit the application to which the list will be exported For instance Excel applications use comma delimitation of lists Specify Numeric Precision Select Export Your data should now be present in the file you have specified 96 ...

Страница 97: ...orrectly configured The devices listed should include Balance Dipper Stirrer Thermistor all Displays and any additional devices dispenser manual controls You may also calibrate some of your devices Calibration There are two devices which may be attached to your Sigma70 which require calibration Balance and Dispenser If these devices have been recently calibrated within past six months it is unlike...

Страница 98: ...ows 13 Dispcniei Cabbtotion NflUvr Jcviruj unrt Volume nn J 1 Start Camel You will need a pre weighed container which will hold a volume of liquid equal to the volume of the syringe which you are calibrating your dispenser with The calibration process will assign a given volume of liquid to a measured length of linear movement of the syringe plunger Therefore if you wish to use a different volume ...

Страница 99: ...Appendix Technical 99 ...

Страница 100: ...Appendix Thermostation m jEdil P mi NS TO SSC T_W IC 22 T T _km j 014 Cyctejme W 1 DK Carctl 100 ...

Страница 101: ...Appendix Dispenser 101 ...

Страница 102: ...te DAB 12 298 0 7 PM Lb fir JahnDoc Nam caiftw Vcvwl Stanched VVihclrTTT Pci be Meavjf PtoH h2a Lghl Ptaw air Comment TUFi acfllarTv water oatjarniiBted vAh Mem urod values Ma Time t Surface ten Dan mUf m TempeAu 2 C PM 1 191 0 78 22 7 0 1S 22 7 2 238 22J5 a 28S 0 11 333 39J3S 22A 5 330 393 22A Calculated values Moan value fimNiril 39 99 Standard deviation ImM nd 0 5G 102 ...

Страница 103: ...fllCaniaslangfc Moasucmcnls D a 11d0f99 1 1123 PM Liwr Jars Smith hbroc Solid Liquid sibnl s iboc h2a 71 3 niNfm V Commaits Colcublod Values Advancing Case Recoding Case Cycb PVL hWai a fVL a i 2939 0 11 11 28 5J88 OJOf 9 as 2 10990 2 21 G38 0J089 8 39 0009 103 ...

Страница 104: ...Ua 11 0Di9a257 12 PM hbrne Pci be Solid Liquid y ImU m CicJjam Round Roc Vend Standard h2a 7iJ9S Density jgfmf 0 9936 Vrw3siy nrPs 1200 CarnnKto Reference Dc pe rimcnl thma dawi 2a Liquid y Im m 7 33 Density grml 0 9936 VrKn sJy mPi 1200 Coksubled values k pc a QJOQ1S79G C tocfthcla mm5 C nwn5 GJG142G refthe1a 2 1274 104 ...

Страница 105: ...nts Dste 1 l 25f9fi 53321 PM li r io tbme P tK i tay Ptaw H2d Light Pirns air erne VCVKI Standard Wihelnw SCO7 AddLian 225 CancEriQlbn Camrosnlte CMCiardb wrtadant vrtheadydoling p hbm tabu fated values C12fi M bnH M 28 52 Base Line CmNiM boc rmH WDccadcl 792 CMC 105 ...

Страница 106: ...ma i ST mHrm STcq mWm Val fnI T C PH Cane 0120 OOOO 1 110 0000 0 0120 30 202 5519 5 0001 2 S JS9 30 3 023 5519 3 S JS5 0001 30 035 5519 5 SiJ3Q 0001 30 d 5519 5 5 SiJOS SiOS 0001 30 0 S30 6093 5 5200 0002 30 7 6 i 7 0093 5 51 9 0002 30 9 709 6093 5 51 75 51 75 0002 30 9 3 i 9 9 903 5 9503 0002 30 10 910 9 903 5 OiJSO 0002 30 11 971 9 903 5 G3J37 0002 30 12 1030 9 903 5 03 77 0002 30 13 1095 9 963 ...

Страница 107: ...9033e d 33 70 33 70 0025 SD 2370 1 133 0 2 i 2313 1432 3 32 19 32 19 0032 SD 25 3125 OOiO SO 2953 1001 3 0125 23 30 78 00 78 0050 SD 27 3102 2270 3 23 32 i 3 2059 3 29 92 29 92 003 i SO 29S3 0030 SD 29 3391 3 593 3 29S3 30 3538 d 30 3 2903 2908 0 101 SD 3330 5 70 i 3 2333 2303 0 127 SD 31 3323 7 131 3 23 77 23 77 0 180 SD 32 23 72 0202 SD 33 3987 9012 3 23 72 23 70 02Si SD 3 i d111 1 133 2 23 70 0...

Страница 108: ...0010 SO 23 10 23 10 09 J U O 0U0C 2 2309 2309 1023 SO 930 302 2 0 5095 S305 2 27 77 27 77 1203 SO 1 Cjlcublod values 4126 SiO inHiW 29 52 Base Line rmW VnJ k oc TniN MDocadcl 792 CMC PM 4342 00 108 ...

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