Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter® Instrument Reference Manual
Section 4: Theory of operation
2651A-901-01 Rev. A / March 2011
4-5
Operating boundaries
Source or sink
Depending on how it is programmed and what is connected to the output (load or source), the
instrument can operate in any of the four quadrants. The four quadrants of operation are shown in the
continuous operating boundaries figures. When operating in the first (I) or third (III) quadrant, the
instrument is operating as a source (V and I have the same polarity). As a source, the instrument is
delivering power to a load.
When operating in the second (II) or fourth (IV) quadrant, the instrument is operating as a sink (V and
I have opposite polarity). As a sink, it is dissipating power rather than sourcing it. An external source
or an energy storage device, such as a capacitor or battery, can force operation in the sink region.
Continuous power operating boundaries
The general operating boundaries for Model 2651A continuous power output are shown in the
following figure. For derating factors, see the
(on page 4-3). In this drawing,
the illustrated voltage and current magnitudes are nominal values. Also note that the boundaries are
not drawn to scale.
Figure 70: Model 2651A continuous power operating boundaries
Energy storage DUT
Energy storage DUT
-V
+V
+I
5
-5
10
-10
-10
10
-I
20
-20
(IV)
Sink
(II)
Sink
(III)
Source
(I)
Source
≤30°C
T
amb
-40
20
-20
40
I-source operating boundaries
Model 2651A I-source operating boundaries
The following figure shows the operating boundaries for the I-source. Only the first quadrant of
operation is shown; operation in the other three quadrants is similar.