JRC JMA-9822-6XA, Инструкция по эксплуатации

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1.6
COLLISION AVOIDANCE
……Problems of Collision Avoidance in Navigation …………………
Marine collision avoidance is one of the problems that have been recognized from of old. Now, it will
be described briefly who the collision avoidance is positioned among the navigational aid problems.
The navigation pattern of all mobile craft constitues a system with some closed loops regardless of the
media through which the mobile craft travels, whether air, water, the boundary between air and water, or
space. This pattern consists of two closed loops in principle, one of which is a collision with another
mobile craft and the other is a loop of finding a right and safe way to reach a predeterminate destination.
Fig.1.19 shows the conceptual diagram of navigation pattern by MR. E.W. Anderson. The closed loop
of collision avoidance is shown on the left side and the closed loop of finding a right course on the right
side.
Fig.1.19 Navigation Pattern
……Marine Accidents and Collisions …………………………………
Among marine accidents, collision accidents have been highlighted as the tonnages and speeds of ships
become higher along with the increase in traffic at sea. If a tanker carrying dangerous articles such as
crude oil collides with any other vessel, then not only the vessels involved with the accident but other
vessels in the vicinity, port facilities, inhabitants in the coastal area as well as marine resources may also
suffer immeasurable damages and troubles. Collision accidents have a high percentage of the marine
accidents that have occurred in recent years. To cope with these problems, any effective measures are
needed and some equipment to achieve collision avoidance requirements have been developed at rapid
strides.
Destination
Course
Course and speed
Maneuver
Ship traveling in controlled condition
Collision avoidance Decision of course
Vessel’s spacing loop
Guide loop
Traffic rule
Fixing by radio
wave, visual and
celstial
observation
Calculation
Dead reckoning
Compass
and log
Instrument
or
judgment
Control loop
Collision avoidance loop
Visual
and
radio watch
Judgment