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3
1. Preface
Nowadays, personal
ate and persons are
mobile communicatio
communication netw
present second-gene
widely used all over
hird-generation (3G
echnology is widely
For example, Code D
which greatly extend
modulation. As an ad
good multi-channel a
narrowband interfere
The CDMA network
coverage will gradua
effect makes networ
tself determines tha
construction should
adding carriers and r
expanding network c
an auxiliary means o
hould to provide co
The cost of wireless
imple. They have th
epeaters can help a
at a minimum cost.
A cellular tower typic
a relatively small cov
access it is limited a
best way of solving t
coverage to fully utili
cellular network cons
peripheral devices to
network itself.
The complete covera
cellular network, but
a network operator s
complete coverage.
areas, office building
o consummate the n
l mobile communica
e having higher exp
on network. A high-s
work has become the
eration (2G) mobile
the world, but most
) and forth-generati
used in Europe, No
Division Multiple Ac
ds the signal width -
dvanced wireless co
access capability, a
ence capability and
has, what is called
ally shrink as the ce
rk planning more co
t the load of the net
be higher than that
roaming agreement
capacity, and adding
of capacity expansio
ntinuous coverage,
repeaters are relati
he functions of a mi
a BTS or Node B to
cally supports a larg
verage footprint. Th
nd a large amount o
this problem is to us
ize the telecommun
struction in Asia, rep
o cover blind areas
age is not only a pre
also a factor that a
should first consider
The seamless cove
gs, super markets, a
network.
ation is developing a
ectations and dema
speed and high-cap
e trend of future dev
communication sys
tly in developing nat
on (4G) mobile com
orth America and Ko
ccess (CDMA) techn
- the so-called spre
ommunication techn
nti-multipath fading
security protection
a “cell breathing eff
ll load increases. Th
mplicated. The CDM
twork at the early st
of the GSM networ
ts between them is
g BTS’s or Node B b
on. The aim of the ra
instead of hotspot
ively low and the co
ni BTS or Node B. O
achieve the optima
ge capacity of users
erefore, the numbe
of channel resource
se repeaters to exte
nication resources. F
peaters are no long
in the network but a
erequisite for a high
ttracts users. From
r providing a radio n
erage in urban areas
and top grade hotels
at a very rapid
ands on the
pacity
velopment. At
stems like GSM is
tions, whereas
mmunication
orea.
nology is used
ead spectrum
nology, it features
capacity, anti-
capabilities.
fect”. That is, the
he cell breathing
MA technology
tage of
rk. Therefore,
a major means of
base stations is
adio network
coverage.
onstruction is
On the network,
al network quality
but is affected by
r of users who can
es are wasted. The
end the BTS
For example, in
ger considered as
as part of the core
h quality mobile
this point of view,
network with a
s, heavy traffic
s is the first step
In such
repeate
antenna
or frequ
Becaus
populat
simply u
building
are use
fiber so
Since th
the num
may en
powere
areas.
Repeat
and com
its high
indoor s
rooms,
They ar
very su
a background, JDT
ers that are applicab
a system. (DAS) Re
uency used today.
se a large amount of
ted urban areas, the
used to cover small
gs or sub-ground loc
ed when optical fiber
olution is not cost eff
he number of repea
mber of buildings to
d up feeding from o
ed repeaters (below
ers adopt an integra
mbines the RF mod
selectivity, stability
signal distribution in
hotels, tea shops, n
re also used to cove
itable to signal optim
Figure 1 sh
TECK has successfu
ble to any mobile ne
epeaters are availab
f BTS or Node B de
ere is usually no larg
blind areas and pro
cations. Typically, ra
rs are not available
fective.
aters on a cellular ne
be covered in a spe
one BTS or Node B.
1 W) should be dep
ated module concep
ule and the monitor
and reliability, repe
n small areas such a
night clubs, and cafe
er shadow areas ou
mization in densely
hows the applications
ully developed adva
etwork and indoor di
ble to support any te
evices are deployed
ge blind area. Repe
ovide signal covera
adio frequency (RF)
in buildings or whe
etwork usually incre
ecific sector, multipl
. In view of this, only
ployed in densely po
pt. It is compact in s
ring mode in one un
eaters are widely ap
as office buildings, m
es where signals ar
utdoors. Such repea
populated urban ar
of the repeaters.
anced
istributed
echnology
d in densely
eaters are
ge inside
) repeaters
n using a
eases with
e repeaters
y low
opulated
structure
nit. Owing to
plied to
meeting
re shielded.
aters are
reas.
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