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Содержание iAPX 86

Страница 1: ...inter iAPX 86 88 FAMILY UTILITIES lJSER S GUIDE Copyright 1980 1981 1982 Intel Corporation Intel Corporation 3065 Bowers Avenue Santa Clara California 95051 Order Number 121616 004...

Страница 3: ...the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in an Intel product No other circuit patent licenses are implied Intel software products are copyrighted by and shall remain the property of Inte...

Страница 4: ...02 Adds information to support V2 0 of LINK86 11 81 LOC86 and LIB86 and V1 0 of CREF86 corrects technical and typographical errors 003 Adds examples for iRMX 86 operating environment 5 82 004 Adds exa...

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Страница 6: ...and translators This manual is divided into the following chapters Chapter 1 Introduction a summary of the relationship among the utilities and basic concepts governing their use Chapter 2 LINK86 how...

Страница 7: ...ventions Notational Conventions punctuation UPPERCASE italic pathname directory name filename other than the following must be entered if required by the control syntax indicates that one and only one...

Страница 8: ...in Appendix A They may be up to forty characters long and may contain any of the following characters in any order A B C D E F G H I J K L M N 0 P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 _ Black backg...

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Страница 10: ...OLS 2 24 SYMBOLCOLUMNS 2 25 TYPE NOTYPE 2 26 LINK86 s Print File 2 27 The Header 2 27 The Link Map 2 27 The Group Map 2 28 The Symbol Table 2 29 Error Messages 2 30 CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 CREF86 PAGE CREF...

Страница 11: ...Summary of LINK86 Controls 2 2 Summary of CREF86 Controls 3 2 Summary of LIB86 Commands 4 1 Summary of LOC86 Controls 5 1 Summary of LINK86 Controls D l x CONTENTS Cont d APPENDIX F LIB86 COMMANDS AN...

Страница 12: ...ut Files 6 1 LINK86 Print File for Bound Object Module 1 3 LOC86 Print File for Bound Object Module 1 4 FIGURE 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 J l J 2 J 3 J 4 J 5 J 6 K l K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 6 K 7 K 8 ILLUS...

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Страница 14: ...dules LIB86 which is the librarian function for 8086 object modules LOC86 which is the relocation tool OH86 which converts 8086 absolute object information to the hexadecimal format r _________ OPERAT...

Страница 15: ...identify how symbols will be resolved by LINK86 given the same input files LOC86 converts relocatable or LTL object modules to absolute object modules Absolute object modules contain references that r...

Страница 16: ...continues until all external references have been the subject of a search of all public symbols in the library modules When LINK86 and CREF86 search a library they normally include only library module...

Страница 17: ...heir output The controls make it possible to change the defaults for module combination address assign ment and output information The inputs are object modules in disk files The input modules can con...

Страница 18: ...ry chips The system monitor or supervisor is usually stored in ROM or PROM chips Because it is not modified by execution it can be a permanent part of the system This prevents the need to load it each...

Страница 19: ...called segments which are the fundamental units of linkage and relocation The basic divisions have functional purposes related to the hardware configuration of memory The portilons of programs that ar...

Страница 20: ...TPUT MODULE ON DISKETTE SEG A SEG B SEG C SEG D SEG E SEG F OUTPUT MODULE LOADED IN MEMORY I SEG B I I SEG E I Figure 1 5 Segment Physical Relationships Segment Alignment 639 5 A segment can have one...

Страница 21: ...ir lengths are added together When memory segments are combined they are overlaid with their low addresses at a common address The length of the combined memory segment is the length of the largest se...

Страница 22: ...control or LOC86 ADDRESSES control Classes give you a second means of collecting like segments in the output module The first is giving segments the same name If you are developing several modules tha...

Страница 23: ...illustrates the memory configuration of one program that uses overlays L T I L7 L 7 FOR L 7 I L __ _ I OVI RLAY SPACE I I _ Figure 1 7 Memory Configuration of Program with Overlays 639 7 Position Inde...

Страница 24: ...g the Preface For a summary of the LINK86 controls and information on error and warning messages that may be produced refer to Appendix D For details concerning symbol table space limita tions refer t...

Страница 25: ...default name If the BIND control is specified then the default name for the output file has no extension and the object module can be executed without locating The controls can be any subset of the co...

Страница 26: ...YPE TY TYPE NOTYPE NOTY If you specify a control more than once in a single invocation line only the last ver sion entered counts For example if you enter NOMAP Qn the invocation line and then later d...

Страница 27: ...emory address that conforms to PL M 86 notation The variable name is internally defined as a PUBLIC symbol Notes This control is particularly useful for memory mapped I O If the variable nam has a mat...

Страница 28: ...undefined symbols in the overlay modules which have a matching definition in the root file are marked temporarily resolved This marking means that while a library search for the symbols will not be m...

Страница 29: ...any logical reference to a segment or group base can be resolved at load time The load time Iocatable output cannot be loaded by the ICE 86 loader or UPM Notes FASTLOAD MEIVlPOOL ORDER SEGSIZE and SYM...

Страница 30: ...t records are added to the object module for various reasons All translators add a comment record identifying the compiler or assembler that pro duced it Comment records are superfluous to the product...

Страница 31: ...ta records are concatenated to a maximum length of 64K FASTLOAD also makes the object file compact by removing such information as local symbols public records comments and type information unless the...

Страница 32: ...MOV OS CS OATAFRAME MOV ES CS EXTRAFRAME J MP program start The initialization code segment is created only if a register intialization record for 8086 segment registers exists in the input These regi...

Страница 33: ...number information is not needed to produce executable code The NOLINES control removes this information from the output file Notes See PRINTCONTROLS and OBJECTCONTROLS See the PURGE control NOLINES w...

Страница 34: ...information about the attributes of logical segments in the output module This includes size class alignment attribute address if the segment is absolute and overlay name if the segment is a member o...

Страница 35: ...current dynamic memory requirements indicates that the number should be mbtracted from the current dynamic memory requirements no sign indicates that the number should become the new minimum dynamic m...

Страница 36: ...ll have the name of the first module in the input list The module name may be up to 40 characters long It may be composed of any of the following characters in any order question mark commercial at co...

Страница 37: ...CONTROLS causes the controls specified in its arguments to be applied to the object file only Comment records line number records local and public symbol records and symbol type records are selectivel...

Страница 38: ...up name identifies the group whose segments are to be ordered The segment name identifies the segments to be ordered The class name and overlay name may be used to resolve conflicts with duplicate seg...

Страница 39: ...eir segment names and class names When overlclY name is not specified LINK86 uses the module name of the first module in the input list Notes Each overlay in a given program must be linked separately...

Страница 40: ...ar file If the PRINT control is not specified or if the control is given without an argument the print file will have the same pathname as the output file except the extension will be MP 1 NOPRINT pre...

Страница 41: ...pecified in its arguments to be applied to the print file only Line number information and local and public symbol informa tion are selectively included or excluded from the print file This will not a...

Страница 42: ...nformation to be placed in the print file Public symbol records are needed to resolve external symbol definitions in other files The EXCEPT sub control allows you to modify the control Public records...

Страница 43: ...t the control list PUBLICSONLY indicates that only the absol ute public symbol records of the argu ment files will be used The other records in the module will be ignored This can be used to resolve e...

Страница 44: ...BOLS COMMENTS PUBLICS and TYPE PURGE removes all of the debug or public records from the object file and their information from the print file It will produce the most compact object file possible The...

Страница 45: ...name TO group name Abbreviation RG Default All groups keep the name they already have Definition RENAMEGROUPS allows you to change the group names assigned by the translator The first group name must...

Страница 46: ...ee ways of specifying this value indicates that the number should be added to the current segment length indicates that the number should be subtracted from the current segment length no sign indicate...

Страница 47: ...symbol records shall be included in the object file Local symbol records are used by debuggers Notes Unless BIND is also specified SYMBOLS affects only the output object file NOSYMBOLS will decrease...

Страница 48: ...BOLCOLUMNS 2 Definition SYMBOLCOLUMNS indicates the number of columns to be used when producing the symbol table for the object module Two columns fit on a 78 character line four columns fit on a sing...

Страница 49: ...checking is to be performed on the object file Symbol type records produced by the translator are used by LINK86 to perform type checking on modules Symbol type records should be kept in the file if i...

Страница 50: ...important details about the input and output files used during this execu tion Figure 2 2 shows an example of LINK86 s print file header system Id li086 LINKER Vx y INPUT FILES pathname1 pathname2 OU...

Страница 51: ...le containing the module and the module name for each entry in the list The unresolved symbol list itemizes each external symbol whose public definition was not encountered The module that references...

Страница 52: ...G 2 0040H PUB FFNODEBASE G 2 0034H PUB FIRSTBNODEP G 2 0028H PUB FlRSTEXNODEP G 2 002CH PUB FIRSTGRNODEP G 2 DOlCH PUB FIRSTNMNODEP G 2 0030H PUB FIRSTOVNODEP G 2 0050H PUB FIRSTRENAMEBLOCK I G 2 002...

Страница 53: ...the symbol or line from BASE or from the current BP for stack ymbols TYPE describes the kind of symbol it is There are four possible entries in the TYPE column BAS based on an other symbol s value LIN...

Страница 54: ...of external and public symbols Information printed for each symbol includes the name of the module defining the symbol and the name s of the module s declaring the symbol as external This chapter pro...

Страница 55: ...he invocation is considered to be the root file the rest are treated as overlays The controls can be any subset of the controls d escribed in the next section CREF86 Controls The controls specify cros...

Страница 56: ...ELENGTH Syntax PAGE LEN G TH number Abbreviation PL Default PAGELENGTH 60 Definition PAGELENGTH specifies the number of lines to be printed on each page The number must be a decimal value between 10 a...

Страница 57: ...ingle line The number must be a decimal value from 80 to 132 inclusive Notes PAGEWIDTH truncates the TITLE if TITLE is greater than the number of unused character locations on the title line If the sp...

Страница 58: ...the PRINT control is not specified or if the control is given without an argument the print file will have the same pathname as the first file in the input list except the extension will be CRF Notes...

Страница 59: ...usive This heading appears on the first line of every page of the cross reference listing Notes The TITLE string is truncated if the PAGEWIDTH control is not large enough to accommodate the entire str...

Страница 60: ...were specified Warnings Figure 3 3 illustrates how warning messages appear on the cross reference listing when CREF86 detects such conditions as mismatched types modules not found etc Refer to Append...

Страница 61: ...N DQCHANGEEXTENSION DQFREE DQREAD DQCREATE DQGETARGUMENT DQSEEK Figure 3 4 Module List on CREF86 Listing Symbol Cross Reference Informaltion DQDECODEEXCEPTION DQGETSYSTEMID DQwRITE Figure 3 5 illustra...

Страница 62: ...ES UTILITIES PARSE SCANMODULES PROCESSRECORDS SCANUTILITIES SYMBOLSORT SCANUTILITIES PARSE ERROR DUPLICATE DECLARATION _ MISMATCH DQALLOCATE MEMORYMANAGEMENT SYMBOLSORT OBJMAN DQATTACH UTILITIES SCANU...

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Страница 64: ...e LIB 86 comment LIBS6 Commands Once LIB86 has begun execution it displays an asterisk and waits for a com mand Table 4 1 lists all of LIB86 s commands Table 4 1 Summary of LIB86 Commands Command Abbl...

Страница 65: ...ther modules If pathname1 is an object file produced by a translator LINK86 or LOC86 then all modules contained within the object file will be added to the designated library If pathname2 is a library...

Страница 66: ...tax eRE ATE pathname Abbreviation C Definition CREATE creates a library file with the specified pathname Notes If a file with the specified pathname already exists the library will not be created and...

Страница 67: ...iAPX 86 88 Family Utilities 4 4 Syntax DEL ETE pathname module name J Abbreviation D Definition DELETE removes modules from a library file Modules can be deleted from only one library at a time Notes...

Страница 68: ...inates a session with LIB86 and returns control to the operating system Notes LIB86 disassembles libraries into an internal form The library is not reconstituted until the EXIT command is processed Th...

Страница 69: ...thname The pathname1 is the library whose modules are to be listed The module name if specified identifies the modules to be listed TO pathname2 identifies the device or file to receive the listing If...

Страница 70: ...x for the invocation line is directory name L0C86 inputfile T 0 objectfile controls 121616 6 The input file is a file containing an object module to be located It is usually but not necessarily the ou...

Страница 71: ...ES I COMMENTS I NOCOMMENTS I SYMBOLS I NOSYMBOLS I PUBLICS I NOPUBLICS I PURGE I NOPURGE ORDER OD Not applicable SEGMENTS segment c ass overlay SMICS 1 CLASSES class segment j CS PRINT pathname I PR P...

Страница 72: ...fy the class name and overlay name of the particular segment LOC86 attempts to detect and avoid conflicts whenever possible If the specified address does not agree with the alignment attribute of the...

Страница 73: ...e for a long jump to the module s start address should be placed at location OFFFFOH when he module is loaded This is the first instruction executed by the 8086 after reset If the input module has no...

Страница 74: ...s All translators add a comment record to the object files they produce The record iden tifies the compiler or assembler that produced the object file Comment records are superfluous to the production...

Страница 75: ...assembly language code is shown below STACKFRAME OW stack frame OATAFRAME OW data frame EXTRAFRAME OW extra frame CLI MOV SS CS STACKFRAME MOV SP stack offset MOV OS CS OATAFRAME MOV ES CS EXTRAFRAME...

Страница 76: ...he object file In circuit emulators and other debuggers use this information it is not needed to produce executable code The NOLINES control removes this information from the output file Notes The sco...

Страница 77: ...output module and add it to the print file For all segments in the module th e map shows the complete name seg ment name class name and overlay name size alignment start address and stop address A mor...

Страница 78: ...ut module retains its current name The module name may be up to 40 characters long It may be composed of any of the following characters in any order question mark commercial at colon period _ undersc...

Страница 79: ...public symbol records and symbol type records are selectively included or excluded from the object file This will not affect the print file and the information contained in it Notes If you specify an...

Страница 80: ...are located before any other relocatable segment The subcontrol SEGMENTS indicates that the list of segment names shall be ordered The segment name identifies the specific segments to be ordered The c...

Страница 81: ...information to a particular file If the PRINT control is not specified or if the con trol is given without an argument the print file will have the same pathname as the output file except the extensio...

Страница 82: ...local and public symbol informa tion are selectively included or excluded from the print file This will not affect the object file or the information contained in it Notes If you specify an invalid c...

Страница 83: ...ses the public symbol records to be kept in the object file and the corresponding information to be placed in the print file Notes The scope of PUBLICS can be modified by PRINTCONTROLS and OBJECTCONTR...

Страница 84: ...pecifying LINES SYMBOLS COMMENTS and PUBLICS PURGE removes all of the public and debug information from the object file and the print file It will produce the most compact object file possible The rec...

Страница 85: ...ailable Definition RESERVE prevents LOC86 from locating segments in certain areas of memory LOC86 will not use all memory addresses from address1 to address2 inclusive address1 must be less than or eq...

Страница 86: ...the input module The size is a 16 bit number that LOC86 uses to change the size of the specified seg ment There are three ways of specifying this value indicates that the number should be added to the...

Страница 87: ...ut module Definition START allows you to specify the start address of your program If you specify public symbol that symbol must be defined within the input module The paragraph value initializes the...

Страница 88: ...shall be included in the object file and information concerning local symbols will also appear in the symbol table con tained in the print file Local symbol records are used by debuggers and in circu...

Страница 89: ...4 Abbreviation SC Default SYMBOLCOLUMNS 2 Definition SYMBOLCOLUMNS indicates the number of columns to be used when producing the symbol table for the object module Two columns fit on a 78 character li...

Страница 90: ...ains the symbol If the base is the stack then STACK is used instead of a number If the symbol is based on another symbol s value then the BASE and OFFSET values for that symbol are given OFFSET is a 4...

Страница 91: ...OJ20H OOFEH SYM WARNING OOBBH 0020H SYM LASTNMNODEP OJBBH 0022H SYM FIRSTNMNODEP OOBBH 0024H SYM LASTSGNODEP OJBBH 0026H SYM FIRSTSGNODEP OOBBH 0028H SYM LASTTDNODEP a BBH 002AH SYM FIRSTTDNODEP OOBBH...

Страница 92: ...AY of the segment A C printed between the STOP and LENGTH columns indicates that two segments have overlapping memory locations a warning message is also issued A segment may have anyone of the follow...

Страница 93: ...ing relocatable segments are ordered into a sequential list 3 The relocatable segments are then given absolute addresses according to each segment s alignment size and memory attribute Absolute Segmen...

Страница 94: ...it assigns it to the seg ment and removes that area from free memory LOC86 then scans free memory for an area that will fit the next segment in the ordered list LOC86 begins scanning at the end of the...

Страница 95: ...LOC86 iAPX 86 88 Family Utilities ROOT OVERLAY 1 OVERLAY 2 A CODE C DATA B CODE CS _ CLASS CODE CLASS DATA a LARGE Model Figure 5 4 LOC86 s Address Assignments for Overlays 121616 7 5 26...

Страница 96: ...K MEMORY CS CODE FOR OVERLAY 1 STACK MEMORY DS SS ___ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ DATA FOR OVERLAY 1 STACK SP I MEMORY b SMALL Model SIZE OF ROOT STACK MAXIMUM SIZE OVERLAY STACK MAXIMUM SIZE OF MEMORY OVERLAY 1...

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Страница 98: ...ion on error and warning messages which may be produced refer to Appendix H The general syntax for the invocation line is directory name H86 input file T 0 output file The input file contains an 8086...

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Страница 100: ...eated by a translator such as PL M 86 or ASM86 and L MODULE denotes a module created by LINK86 from one or more constituent modules Note that modules are not created in this sense by the iAPX86 88 Loc...

Страница 101: ...form L MODULE C L MODULE C will contain two THEADR records and will begin with an LHEADR record with the name C provided by the linker as a directive from the user The L MODULE C can be referred to b...

Страница 102: ...omod o_component t_component content_def mod __tail module tmod Ilmod lomod THEADR REGINT content def mod _tail LHEADR REGINT L_component mod_tail RHEADR OVLDEF REGINT o__component OVLDEF mod_tail L_c...

Страница 103: ...order byte of a word value comes first The wide boxes with four vertical bars in the top and bottom represent 4 byte fields The wide boxes with three dots in the top and bottom represent a variable nu...

Страница 104: ...nt bytes or words the vertical lines in dicate bit boundaries thus this byte has three bit fields of three one and four bits Ignored Rec rds RECORD IGNORE TYP LENGTH THIS PART CHK SUM REC All record t...

Страница 105: ...HEADER RECORD RHEADR REC TYP 6EH RECORD LENGTH NAME INFO SUM R M T OV Y CHK ________ ____________ J _ _ _ Every module with overlays created by LINK86 LOC86 will have an R MODULE HEADER RECORD This r...

Страница 106: ...ION z CHK SUM Ill L _ _L_ _ _ _ L____ I I t This Record provides the overlay name the location of the overlay in the object file A loader may use this record to locate the data records of the overlay...

Страница 107: ...REG REGISTER CHK TYP L ENGTH TYP CONTENTS SUM 70H 1 mpeated ___ J This record provides information about the 8086 registers register pairs CS and IP SS and SP DS and ES The purpose of this informatio...

Страница 108: ...register REGID 0 or the SP register REGID 1 Module End Becord MODEND REC RECORD MOD START CHK TYP LENGTH TYP ADDRS SUM 8AH r r l_ conditional J This record serves two purposes It denotes the end of a...

Страница 109: ...which the data bytes will be loaded Offset This field specifies an offset relative to the FRAME NUMBER which defines the location of the first data byte of the DAT field Successive data bytes in the D...

Страница 110: ...number of ITERATED DATA BLOCKS that are to be found in the CONTENT portion of this ITERATED DATA BLOCK If this field has value zero then the CONTENT portion of this ITERATED DATA BLOCK is interpreted...

Страница 111: ...t bytes that result from converting each pair of ASCII hexadecimal digits to one byte of binary from and including the RECORD LENGTH field to and including the last byte of the DATA field Therefore th...

Страница 112: ...II 02 USBA The USBA field contains four ASCII hexadecimal digits that specify the 8086 USBA value The high order digit is the 10th character of the record The low order digit is the 13th character of...

Страница 113: ...hkSum This is the check sum on the REC LEN LOAD ADDRESS REC TYPE and DATA fields Start Address Record REGD REG REG GHK MARK LEN ZEROES TYP GS IP SUM 04 0000 03 The START ADDRESS RECORD is used to spec...

Страница 114: ...th character of the record Chk Sum This is the check sum on the REC LEN ZEROES REC TYP CS and IP fields End of File Record c E_ J CD MARK REC REC CHK LEN ZEROES TYP SUM 00 0000 01 FF The END OF FILE R...

Страница 115: ...1 B1DH The iterated data consists of three repeti tions of ABC 414243H followed by three repetitions of four repetitions of D 44H three repetitions of E 45H 8 MODEND record specifies that the module s...

Страница 116: ...992DB246DB6FF4891 DA236CB5FE47B8 0600100090D9226BB4FD43 020000020036C6 100000000062C42688EA4CAE1072D43698FA5CBEOO 080010002082E446A80A6CCE30 020000020041 BB 10000500001 D3A577491 AECBE805223 F5C7996B3...

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Страница 118: ...TE BYTE HEX DEC HEX DEC HEX DEC HEX DEC HEX DEC HEX DEC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 048 576 1 65 536 1 4 096 1 256 1 16 1 1 2 2 097 152 2 1 31 072 2 8 192 2 512 2 32 2 2 3 3 145 728 3 1 6 608 3 12 288...

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Страница 120: ...mory depends on the hardware and software environment under which the utilities are running on your system Note that the relationship between number of symbols or modules and the amount of available m...

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Страница 122: ...LI MAP MA MAP NOMAP NOMA MEMPOOL min size maxsize J MP Not applicable NAME module namo NA Not applicable OBJECTCONTROLS LIN ES I NOLIN ES I OC Not applicable COMMENTS I NOCOMMENTS I SYMBOLS I NOSYMBOL...

Страница 123: ...n of each message has up to four parts Meaning how to interpret the message Cause the usual reason for the error or warning condition Effect the state of LINK86 and the object file s after the message...

Страница 124: ...immediately terminates processing all open files are closed The contents of the print and object files are undefined User Action Correct the error and restart LINK86 ERROR 5 INPUT PHASE ERROR FI LE pa...

Страница 125: ...closes all open files The contents of the print file and the object file are undefined User Action Retranslate the source that produced the specified module and relink ERROR 7 COMMAND INPUT ERROR Mea...

Страница 126: ...will not be started The object file will be useless and the print file win contain limited information User Action Retranslate the source that produced the specified file and module WARNING 9 TYPE MI...

Страница 127: ...rint file and the object file will be valid User Action Change the name of the symbol in either the pecified file or the file containing the earlier definition ERROR 11 INSUFFICIENT MEMORY FI LE pathn...

Страница 128: ...ferences User Action Link object file to a file that will resolve the external references WARNING 13 IMPROPER FIXUP FI LE pathname MOD ULE module name Cause The external reference makes assumptions ab...

Страница 129: ...ues processing Both the print file and object file are valid User Action No user action should be necessary ERROR 15 LINK86 ERROR FI LE pathname MOD ULE module name User Action Contact Intel immediate...

Страница 130: ...the root module Cause This error is often caused by rnisordering the input modules in the input list Effect LINK86 ignores the start address in the specified overlay module and continues processing U...

Страница 131: ...me as an existing group Effect The group is not renamed LINK86 continues as if the rename control was not given User Action Reinvoke LINK86 with the correct invocation line ERROR 22 INVALID SYNTAX ERR...

Страница 132: ...e MOD ULE module name Meaning The specified module cannot be found in the specified library file Effect LINK86 continues processing as if the specified module was not in the list User Action If the mo...

Страница 133: ...SYSTEM INTERFACE ERROR FI LE pathname Effect LINK86 immediately terminates processing and closes all open files The contents of the print file and the object file are undefined User Action Refer to t...

Страница 134: ...g The specified file is a library and libraries are not allowed in a PUBLICSONLY control Effect LINK86 immediately terminates processing and closes all open files The contents of the print file and th...

Страница 135: ...TROL FI LE pathname MO D ULE module name Meaning LINK86 has found an overlay definition in the specifed file and module while pro cessing input modules for an overlay Effect LINK86 immediately termina...

Страница 136: ...FI LE pathname MODULE modulename Meaning Some of the modules in the input list contain overlay definitions while others do not This is not permitted all modules in the input list must be the same with...

Страница 137: ...k with the BIND control ERROR 39 SPECIFIED GROUP NOT FOUND IN INPUT MODULE G ROU P group name Cause Often this is the result of a typographical error i n the invocation line Effect LINK86 immediately...

Страница 138: ...ng The size change specified in SEGSIZE has caused LINK86 to decrease the size of the specified segment Effect Decreasing the size of a segment can cause sections of code to be unaccounted for during...

Страница 139: ...MEN T segment name CLA SS class name Cause Usually this is the result of a typographical error in the SEGSIZE control Effect LINK86 immediately terminates processing all open files are closed The cont...

Страница 140: ...e is some particular need for the specified group no user action is necessary WARNING 48 SIZE OF GROUP EXCEEDS 64K GR0UP group name Meaning All of the segments that belong to the specified group do no...

Страница 141: ...EMORY ATTRIBUTE SEG MEN T segment name Meaning After the first memory segment is found LINK86 issues this warning each time it finds a segment with the memory attribute Effect LINK86 ignores the memor...

Страница 142: ...OD ULE module name Meaning An 8 bit displacement value when calculated exceeded 255 Cause This type of error often occurs when a page resident segment crosses a page boundary Effect LINK86 continues p...

Страница 143: ...gment name Meaning One of the data records associated with the specified segment contains an address outside of the segment s boundary Cause This error can occur when you decrease the size of a segmen...

Страница 144: ...R WITH ROOT FILE IN ASSUMEROOT CONTROL FI LE pathname operating system message Meaning The ASSUMEROOT control was specified but the root file identified by pathname in the invocation could not be acce...

Страница 145: ...only when the input modules do not contain overlay records Cause ASSUMEROOT was specified but not in conjunction with the OVERLAY control Effect LINK86 ignores the ASSUMEROOT control The object code i...

Страница 146: ...specified SYMBOL was found to be inconsistent with a corresponding public symbol definition and LINK86 could not resolve the reference Cause This condition may exist for several reasons The modules co...

Страница 147: ...n is usually the result of an incomplete END directive in your assembly language module or a translation error Effect The values of CS and IP at the beginning of program execution are entirely depen d...

Страница 148: ...ed and two data records belonging to the same segment have offsets which make them overlapping Cause This warning is usually the result of a translation error unless you have intentionally overlapped...

Страница 149: ...K86 WARNING 72 REGISTER INITIALIZATION CODE EXISTS NEW INITIALIZATION IGNORED FI LE pathname MODULE modulename Meaning Two or more initialization codes for 8086 registers were encountered in the input...

Страница 150: ...hname GROUP groupname MODULE modu ename SEG MEN T segment name Meaning An assembly language reference to the base of the specified segment in the specified group exists However the specified segment i...

Страница 151: ...curs only when BIND is in effect Cause Unless you have deliberately created this reference this warning is most likely the result of an incorrect ASSUME directive or an incorrect OFFSET operator speci...

Страница 152: ...ing condition Effect the state of CREF86 and the object file s after the message is issued User Action what you can do to correct the condition Not all these parts are given for each message However p...

Страница 153: ...t have enough memory to create its internal data structures tables etc This condition may also occur because of inadequate disk space for temporary files Cause The input list contains too many symbols...

Страница 154: ...6 PREMATURE EOF FI LE pathname Meaning CREF86 expects more input data but encounters an end of file EOF condition Cause This condition usually results from a translator error Effect CREF86 processing...

Страница 155: ...records Effect CREF86 immediately terminates processing User Action Reinvoke CREF86 using a valid input list ERROR 9 IMPROPER MODULE SEQUENCE FI LE pathname MO D ULE module name Meaning A combination...

Страница 156: ...xcept available memory on the number of files CREF86 can process Effect CREF86 immediately terminates processing User Action Reinvoke CREF86 using fewer than 255 overlay files ERROR 11 TOO MANY OVERLA...

Страница 157: ...6 terminates processing immediately User Action Correct the error and restart CREF86 ERROR 13 IMPROPER PAGE WIDTH SPECIFICATION Meaning The PAGEWIDTH control specification includes a number outside th...

Страница 158: ...ion Reinvoke CREF86 using the proper PAGELENGTH syntax CREF86 accepts a PAGELENGTH number in decimal form from 10 through 255 in the following format PAGE LEN G TH number ERROR 15 ILLEGAL LIBRARY FILE...

Страница 159: ...cessing immediately User Action Determine whether the integrity of the object file is intact and whether the file is a proper input file for CREF86 Reinvoke CRE1F86 with a valid and usable object file...

Страница 160: ...type mismatch between two symbols with the same name Cause Two symbols are declared to have identical names but different types and the symbols are not in different overlay modules CREF86 does not ch...

Страница 161: ...ot part of the file specified by the pathname Effect CREF86 continues processing the modules it is able to find User Action Determine why the module is missing then reinvoke CREF86 ERROR 21 OPERATING...

Страница 162: ...ll LIB86 error and warning messages The description of each message has up to four parts Meaning how to interpret the message Cause the usual reason for the error or warning condition Effect the state...

Страница 163: ...O I EXPECTED partial command tail Meaning All of the above errors are syntax errors For each of the above errors LIB86 issues the associated error message and displays the partial command up to the po...

Страница 164: ...use Exceptionally long and complex commands can cause this error Effect LIB86 immediately terminates processing the command displays the error message and issues the prompt character User Action Simpl...

Страница 165: ...ct LIB86 immediately terminates processing the command displays the error message and issues the prompt character User Action Specify a nonexistent file in the CREATE command DUPLICATE SYMBOL IN INPUT...

Страница 166: ...ome part of an object file examined by LIB86 Effect LIB86 immediately terminates processing the command displays the error message and issues the prompt character User Action Return to the last step i...

Страница 167: ...MODULE MOD ULE module name Meaning A module with the specified module name already exists in the library Effect LIB86 immediately terminates processing the command displays the error message and issue...

Страница 168: ...ry already contains the public symbol identified in the error message Cause This error occurs when a module is added that has a symbol definition already in the library Effect LIB86 immediately termin...

Страница 169: ......

Страница 170: ...dress IC INITCODE 200H NOINITCODE NOIC LINES LI LINES NOLINES NOLI MAP MA MAP NOMAP NOMA NAME module name NA Not applicable OBJECTCONTROLS LINES I NOLINES I OC Not applicable COMMENTS I NOCOMMENTS I S...

Страница 171: ...bject file s after the message is issued User Action what you can do to correct the condition Not all these parts are given for each message However parts excluded are self explanatory Error messages...

Страница 172: ...s are closed The contents of the print and object files are undefined User Action Reenter the invocation line more carefully ERROR 3 MISSING INPUT FILE NAME ERROR IN COMMAND TAIL NEAR partial command...

Страница 173: ...contents of the print and object files are undefined User Action This may require changing the source file to reduce the number of segments and retranslating ERROR 5 BAD RECORD FORMAT MODULE modulena...

Страница 174: ...mand tail Meaning You have specified an address greater than 1 048 575 OFFFFFH LOC86 repeats the invocation line up to the point of the error Effect LOC86 immediately terminates processing all open fi...

Страница 175: ...print and object files are undefined User Action Retype the invocation line more carefully ERROR 10 INVALID SEGMENT NAME ERROR IN COMMAND TAIL NEAR partial command tail Meaning LOC86 was expecting a...

Страница 176: ...nd object files are undefined User Action Reinvoke LOC86 more carefully ERROR 12 INVALID INPUT MODULE MO D ULE module name Meaning The input module is invalid It could mean that object module records...

Страница 177: ...cified group is defined by an external reference This is a type of unresolved external reference Effect LOC86 continues processing without side effects User Action Find the module that defines the spe...

Страница 178: ...ction Change the ORDER or ADDRESSES control so that the segment containing the local symbol will be within range of the symbol s base WARNING 17 LINE NUMBER NOT ADDRESSABLE NAM E line number Meaning T...

Страница 179: ...ly WARNING 19 BOOTSTRAP SPECIFIED FOR MODULE WITHOUT START ADDRESS Meaning You have specified BOOTSTRAP when locating a module that has no start address Effect LOC86 continues processing as if no BOOT...

Страница 180: ...ed in the SEGSIZE control caused the segment to become greater than 64K Effect LOC86 immediately terminates processing all open files are closed The contents of the print and object files are undefine...

Страница 181: ...ontrol was not found Effect LOC86 immediately terminates processing all open files are closed The contents of the print and object files are undefined User Action Either specify the argument to START...

Страница 182: ...28 PAGE RESIDENT SEGMENT CROSSES PAGE BOUNDARY SEG MEN T Sf gment name Cause If you have changed the specified segment s size it may be too large to fit within a 256 byte page or if you have specifed...

Страница 183: ...with regard to the out of place segment will not be usable User Action Find the symbol that corresponds to the referenced location and change the ORDER or ADDRESSES control WARNING 30 UNRESOLVED EXTER...

Страница 184: ...le should be executable User Action No action is necessary if the unresolved reference is known Otherwise you must relink to resolve the external reference WARNING 32 OVERFLOW OF LOW BYTE FIXUP VALUE...

Страница 185: ...user action is necessary ERROR 34 SPECIFIED CLASS NOT FOUND IN INPUT MODULE CLA SS class name Effect LOC86 immediately terminates processing all open files are closed The contents of the print and ob...

Страница 186: ...ended no action is necessary Otherwise depending on the cause of the message it may be necessary to relocate or even modify the source and retranslate relink and relocate ERROR 37 INPUT MODULE EXCEEDS...

Страница 187: ...user request LOC86 continues processing without side effects ERROR 39 NO MEMORY BELOW SEGMENT FOR SPECIFIED SEGMENT SEG MEN T segment name SEGMEN T segment name Meaning In the ORDER control you have r...

Страница 188: ...s processing The print and object files are valid However the requested segment ordering is not maintained User Action Carefully examine your invocation line to find the conflict and relocate the inpu...

Страница 189: ...ass name Cause This is often caused by a typographical error or some other mechanical error while entering the invocation line Effect LOC86 immediately terminates processing all open files are closed...

Страница 190: ...SPECIFIED MORE THAN ONCE IN ORDER CLAS S class name Cause You have specified the same class more than once in the same ORDER control Effect LOC86 immediately terminates processing all open files are c...

Страница 191: ...es are closed The contents of the print and object files are undefined User Action Examine the invocation line and reinvoke LOC86 correctly WARNING 49 SEGMENT AlIGNMENT NOT COMPATIBLE WITH ASSIGNED AD...

Страница 192: ...losed The contents of the print and object files are undefined User Action Examine the invocation line and reinvoke LOC86 correctly WARNING 51 REFERENCING LOCATION IS OUTSIDE 64K FRAME OF REFERENCE MO...

Страница 193: ...e with respect to the module containing the self relative reference is not executable User Action Examine the locate map and reinvoke LOC86 modifying your ORDER and ADDRESSES control to correct the er...

Страница 194: ...object files are undefined User Action Change the ADDRESSES ORDER or SEGSIZE control and relocate WARNING 55 UNDEFINABLE SYMBOL ADDRESS SEG MEN T segment name MODULE modulename Meaning A local symbol...

Страница 195: ...ommand tail Meaning LOC86 was expecting a group name when it found a token that did not correspond to a valid group name LOC86 repeats the invocation line up to the point of the error Cause This is of...

Страница 196: ...ddress per ADDRESSES control WARNING 60 REFERENCED LOCATION IS NOT WITHIN 32K OF SPECIFIED ADDRESS MO D ULE module name REF ERE NeE 0 L0 CAT ION 20 bit address FRAM E 0 F REF ERE NeE 20 bit address Me...

Страница 197: ...of program execution are completely dependent on the loader of your system User Action Invoke LOC86 with the START control if desired WARNING 63 SS AND SP REGISTERS NOT INITIALIZED Meaning The INITCO...

Страница 198: ...m execution is entirely dependent on the system loader User Action Correct your code if necessary then reinvoke LINK86 and LOC86 WARNING 65 SEGMENT ORDER IN ORDER CONTROL CANNOT BE MAINTAINED SEG MEN...

Страница 199: ...IP instruction pojnter registers are not initialized Cause The input module does not have an explicit start address and the START control was not specified Effect The values of these registers upon i...

Страница 200: ...fatal but warning messages are not In the event of a warning read the EFFECT of the warning carefully to determine whether the resulting code is valid Error and warning messages are displayed at the...

Страница 201: ...nt process and reexecute paffiname ILLEGAL RELOCATION RECORD ENCOUNTERED Cause This error occurs whenever you specify a non absolute 8086 object module as the input file Effect OH86 immediately termin...

Страница 202: ...es all open files The contents of the output file are undefined User Action Relocate with INITCODE in effect pafflname ILLEGAL OVERLAY INFORMATION ENCOUNTERED Cause You attempted to convert a file con...

Страница 203: ......

Страница 204: ...ctory name In this configuration the directory name is the equivalent of a device name the device on which the filename is located If the file is located on the system disk FO the directory name may b...

Страница 205: ...an 8086 based host Example t Preparing to Use DEBUG 86 There are only two steps to preparing your code for execution translating the code then linking it with BIND First you must translate your code A...

Страница 206: ...0014H DATA o 1AAH STACK 05A2H MEMORY SY MBOL TABLE OF MODULE ROOT BASE I USET TXPJ SYMBOL 0 2 0164H PUB BINDCONTROL 0 2 0016H PUB BUFBASE 0 2 004CH PUB CLASHNODEBASE 0 2 015 lH PUB COMMENTSCONTROL 0...

Страница 207: ...INVOCATIUN COMMAND RJ SgRVE OOH TO 77FFH OFCOOOH 1 0 OFFFfFH DATE MMIDDIYY TIME SYMBOL TABLE Of MUlilJLE ROOT HASE OffSET THE YMBOL BASE 07B8H 014 CH PUB Blt DCUNTROL 07BbH 07B8H 0034H PUB CLASHNODEB...

Страница 208: ...ver as with execution under DEBUG 86 executing instructions that contain unresolved references will produce undefined results Figure 1 3 shows the print file produced during the invocation shown above...

Страница 209: ...TOUTPUT LISTUTILI1 IES SYMBOLSORT OBJMAN COMPAC LIB DQALLOCATE DQDETACH DQGETTIME SYSTEMSTACK DQATTACH DQEXIT DQOl EN DQCHANGEEXTENSION llQF EE DQR AD DQCREATE DQGETARGUMENT DQSEEK DQVECODEEXCEPTION D...

Страница 210: ...SECANT SECANT and COTANGENT We want to create a library file that will allow each routine to be linked to programs separately The first step necessary to create the library is to translate each routin...

Страница 211: ...LAY2 cr RUN LINK86 OV3 0BJ OV3A OBJ OVE RUN LINK86 OV4 0BJ OV4A OBJ OVE B OBJ cr 2C OBJ TO cr RLAY OVERLAY3 cr RLAY OVERLAY4 cr OOTB OBJ c r Notice that all of the modules including the root are linke...

Страница 212: ...YPE SYMBOL G 2 4A20H SYM MEMORY G 2 ODOOH SYM LASTNMNODEID G 2 OD04H SYM LASTSGNODEID G 2 ODo8H SYM LASTIONODEIO G 2 ODOCH SYM LASTEXNODEIO G 2 OD10H SYM LASTGRNODEID G 2 OD14H SYM LASTOVNODEID G 2 00...

Страница 213: ...AlJDRbSS PARAGHAl H EGMENT MAP START STOP LENGTH ALIGN 07C1001i OB4E6H 3CE7H OB4EI lH OF9BAH 44D3H OB4E8H OEOCEH 2BE7H OB4E8H 10337H 4E50H GROUP MAP ADDRESS GROUP OR SEGMENT NAME 01800H CGROUP CODE CO...

Страница 214: ...r locating purposes The link map shown in figure 1 7 shows the size of each segment in the root Since the overlays are self contained except for references to the root we do not need a link map for th...

Страница 215: ...he required location for the root s DGROUP and STACK we can locate the root module The resulting file will not be executable but it allows us to resolve references to the root s code and data symbols...

Страница 216: ...H Once the overlays are located the root is linked and located into an executable form The PUBLICSONLY control will resolve references to symbols in the overlay modules Other than the addition of this...

Страница 217: ...control in the locate above is a precaution to avoid exceeding 64K The next step is to link and locate the object modules that will reside in the 8086 s address space The external references to the 80...

Страница 218: ...in the interactive 8086 mode may be used in conjunction with syntax specifications given In Chapter 2 for LINK86 In Chapter 3 for CREF86 In Chapter 4 for LIB86 In Chapter 5 for LOC86 When using the di...

Страница 219: ......

Страница 220: ...need not be specified This MEMPOOL example will increase the minimum dynamic memory requirements by 20H bytes and by default the maximum size will increase if necessary to equal the minimum The minimu...

Страница 221: ...s F1 PROG MP1 The print file is F1 THE MAP This example removes information about line numbers local symbols and comments from the print file This statement removes all but the segment informa tion an...

Страница 222: ...E COOE with a group named CGROUP This changes the name of the CODE group to CGROUP This tells the loader that 15FFH bytes of code is the minimum requirement for MEMORY The new max imum size of MEMORY...

Страница 223: ...g will be 100 characters wide maximum per page The pathname of the print file will be F1 MYFILE The message in the TITLE control must be placed on one line If the message contains special characters i...

Страница 224: ...led TOMS L1B Four modules are deleted from the library USER L1B Control ADD CREATE DELETE SERIES III LIB86 EXAMPLES Examples CREATE F3 TOMS LIB c CREATE FO USER LIB cr CR EXIT I IM LIST LIST USER LIB...

Страница 225: ...eeps the information in the print file NOPUBLICS is implied by PURGE but PUBLICS overrides it SEG A of CLASS1 will be the first relocatable segment located SEG B will be next followed immediately by a...

Страница 226: ...eased by 2000 bytes The size of segment FREUD will be decreased by 511 bytes The new segment size for XENDA is 7770 bytes F9 AUTO will start at IGNITION F7 HALTS will start at location 200H This state...

Страница 227: ...e product is delivered in diskette form Enough memory to run the utilities above and beyond that required for the Operating System Table J l lists the memory requirements for the individual utilities...

Страница 228: ...use separators between the individual components of the pathname except immediately after the logical name The slash separator tells the Operating System to search down one level in the directory tre...

Страница 229: ...also specify the MEMPOOL and SEGSIZE controls to allocate memory for the memory pool and stack If you do not use BIND you must specify SEGSIZE with the LOC86 command 3 If you did not specify the BIND...

Страница 230: ...E wORD NEA R BTOX PROCJ DURE WORD Nt AR BuBBLESORTVARNAMES PROCEDURE NEAR BUMPLlNECOUNl I ROCt DURt NEAR CtJECKHEADEH PilOCED0RE NEAh CHECKOVEkLAY t kOCI DUKI NeAH CHeCJ VAh1 it t kCH DUR blli l Ak Of...

Страница 231: ...ECANT and COTANGENT We want to create a library file that will allow each routine to be linked to programs separately The first step necessary to create the library is to translate each routine separa...

Страница 232: ...LIB OVERLAY ROOT cr Y OVERLAY3 cr Y OVERLAY4 cr TB OBJ cr Notice that all of the modules including the root are linked with the OVERLAY and NOBIND controls The overlay name for the root is not as crit...

Страница 233: ...OL G 2 llA20H SYM MEMORY G 2 ODOOH SYM LASTNMNODEID G 2 OD04H SYM LASTSGNODEID G 2 OD08H SYM LASTIDNODEID G 2 ODOCH SYM LASTEXNODEID G 2 OD10H SYM LASTGRNODEID G 2 OD14H SYM LASTOVNODEID G 2 OD1bH SYM...

Страница 234: ...Al h EGMENT MAP START STOP LENGTH ALIGN 071l00h OB4EbH 3CE7H M OB4EtlH OF9BAH 44D3H 1 1 OB4EflH OEOCEH 2BE7H M OB4E8H 10337H 4E50H M GROUP MAP ADDRESS GROUP OR SEGMENT NAME 07800H CGROUP CODE CODE ROO...

Страница 235: ...locating purposes The link map shown in figure J 4 shows the size of each segment in the root Since the overlays are self contained except for references to the root we do not need a link map for them...

Страница 236: ...oot s DGROUP and STACK we can locate the root module The resulting file will not be executable but it allows us to resolve references to the root s code and data symbols in the overlays The following...

Страница 237: ...rlays are located the root is linked and located into an executable form The PUBLICSONLY control will resolve references to symbols in the overlay modules Other than the addition of this input control...

Страница 238: ...les may be used in conjunction with syntax specifications given In Chapter 2 for LINK86 In Chapter 3 for CREF86 In Chapter 4 for LIB86 In Chapter 5 for LOC86 When using the directions in these chapter...

Страница 239: ...d by default the maximum size will increase if necessary to equal the minimum The minimum dynamic memory requirement is 100H The maximum dynamic memory requirement is 300H Control ASSIGN ASSUMEROOT BI...

Страница 240: ...ays The print file is FDO USER TEMP1 MP1 The print file is F1 PROG MP1 The print file is F1 THE MAP This example removes information about line numbers local symbols and comments from the print file T...

Страница 241: ...linkage would not combine THE CODE with a group named CGROUP This changes the name of the CODE group to CGROUP This tells the loader that 15FFH bytes of code is the minimum requirement for MEMORY The...

Страница 242: ...ng will be 100 characters wide maximum per page The pathname of the print file will be FX1 MYFILE The message in the TITLE control must be placed on one line If the message contains special characters...

Страница 243: ...led TOMS L1B Four modules are deleted from the library USER L1B Control iRMX 86 LIBS6 EXAMPLES Examples ADD CREATE CREATE WDO SYSTEM TOMS LIB cr CREATE FO USER LIB cr DELETE I CRT cr EXIT 111 LIST LIS...

Страница 244: ...PUBLICS is implied by PURGE but PUBLICS overrides it SEG A of CLASS1 will be the first relocatable segment located SEG B will be next followed immediately by any other segments contained within CLASS1...

Страница 245: ...egment MEMORY will be increased by 2000 bytes The size of segment MYSEG will be decreased by 511 bytes The new segment size for XENDA is 7770 bytes FD1 AUTO will start at IGNITION PROG HALTS will star...

Страница 246: ...ries IV pathname consists of path components each preceded by a slash I SYSA JOHN FILE ABC The directory name is one or more path components consisting of 1 to 14 characters inclusive One of the direc...

Страница 247: ...6 ASM86 Language Reference Manual order number 121703 ASM86 Macro Assembler Operator s Manual order number 121628 8089 Macro Assembler User s Guide order number 9800938 FORTRAN 86 User s Guide order n...

Страница 248: ...TILS ObJ SMALL LIB OlJTPUT fILE Tt Sl bb CONT kOLS SPECIfIED IN INVOCAllUN COMMAND BINlJ DA TE MMIOOIYY TI ME HH MM SS LINK MAP OF MODULE ROOT LOGICAL SEGMENTS INCLUDED LENGTH ADDRESS ALIGN SEGMENT 03...

Страница 249: ...ws a straightforward linkage with no change to the default control setting Note that NOOVERLAY and NOBIND the defaults are set The ICE loader has no facility for dealing with overlay modules created b...

Страница 250: ...ified in the controls Although PAGEWIDTH PW and PAGELENGTH PL specifications were also noted in the controls the numbers specified are the same as those provided by default EXAMPLE OF CROSS REFERENCE...

Страница 251: ...LINEBUF PROCEDURE NEAR LlSTUTILITIES ERROR UTILITIES LISTOUTPUT WRITELINE PROCEDURE NEAR LISTUTILITIIlS LISTOUTPUT WRITENEWLINE PROCEDURE NEAR LISTUTILITIES UTILITIES LISTOUTPUT WRITETOCOMMANDBUF PROC...

Страница 252: ...est way to build an 8086 program that contains overlays is with LINK86 s OVERLAY control Overlay modules built with this control reside in the same file as the root The operating system supplies routi...

Страница 253: ...LAY control is not used LINK86 NROOT LNK OV1 LNK OV2 OV4 LNK TO 1 PROG 86 BIND cr LNK OV3 LNK cr In this invocation the optional BIND control is specified The resulting object file is executable on a...

Страница 254: ...ROOT MODULE NAME LIT BASE OFFSET TYPE SYMBOL G 2 4A20H SYM MEMORY G 2 OF56H SYM LITBASE 0 2 OF56H BAS LITNODE G 2 OF64H SYM FIRSTNODE 0 2 OF96H SYM TEMPLATE G 1 016EH SYM OETLIT STACK 0004H SYM I Addi...

Страница 255: ...SS PARAGIlAI H SEGMENT MAP START STOP LENGTH ALIGN 07800H OB4E6H 3CE7H M OB4EI H OF9BAH 44D3H M OB4E8H OEOCEH 2BE7H M OB4E8H 10337H 4E50H M GROUI MAP ADDRESS GROUP OR SEGMENT NAME 07800H CGROUP CODE C...

Страница 256: ...86 ROOT SRC S ALL cr PLM86 OV1 RC SMALL cr PLM86 OV2 RC SM LL cr The next step is to link the root module to resolve external symbols with a library and to obtain a link map LINK86 ROO OBJ USER LIB MA...

Страница 257: ...an OV 1 s so that the STACK segment must be placed to leave room for OV2 s CONST and DATA segments If the overlays share the STACK and MEMORY segments with the root they must be located at the same ad...

Страница 258: ...C86 will be rounded up to OFFDOH Once the overlays are located the root is linked and located into an executable form The PUBLICSONLY control will resolve references to symbols in the overlay modules...

Страница 259: ...H cr The RESERVE control in the locate above is a precaution to avoid exceeding 64K The next step is to link and locate the object modules that will reside in the 8086 s address space The external ref...

Страница 260: ...ncounter while using the Series IV They may be used in conjunction with syntax specifica tions given In Chapter 2 for LINK86 In Chapter 3 for CREF86 In Chapter 4 for LIB86 In Chapter 5 for LOC86 When...

Страница 261: ...NITCODE LINES NOLINES LINES is the default so it need not be specified This MEMPOOL example will increase the minimum dynamic memory requirements by 20H bytes and by default the maximum size will incr...

Страница 262: ...ile is PROG MP1 The print file is THE MAP This example removes information about line numbers local symbols and comments from the print file This statement removes all but the segment informa tion and...

Страница 263: ...nkage would not combine THE CODE with a group named CGROUP This example changes the name of the CODE giOup to CGROUP This tells the loader that 15FFH bytes of code is th e maximum requirement for MEMO...

Страница 264: ...essage in the TITLE control must be placed on one line If the message contains special characters it must be enclosed in single quotes Control PAGELENGTH PAGEWIDTH PRINT TITLE SERIES IV CREF86 EXAMPLE...

Страница 265: ...OMS LlB Four modules are deleted from the library USER LlB Control ADD CREATE DELETE SERIES IV LIB86 EXAMPLES Examples ADD SIN COS TAN TO USER LIB cr CREATE SYSTEM TOMS LIB cr CREATE WORK USER LIB cr...

Страница 266: ...atement removes all debug records from the object file but keeps the information in the print file NOPUBLICS is implied by PURGE but PUBLICS overrides it SEG A of CLASS1 will be the first relocatable...

Страница 267: ...s The size of segment FREUD will be decreased by 511 bytes The new segment size for XENDA is 7770 bytes AUTO will start at IGNITION HALTS will start at location 200H This statement will include the lo...

Страница 268: ...y CREF86 E l LIB86 F l LINK86 D l LOC86 G l CREATE 4 3 CREF86 controls PAGELENGTH 3 3 PAGEWIDTH 3 4 PRINT 3 5 TITLE 3 6 control summary 3 2 error messages E l in development process 1 1 input 3 1 invo...

Страница 269: ...entions J 2 generation of code J 3 invocation J l memory requirements J l program development examples J 3 prompts J 2 related publications J 2 L 4 6 LHEADR A 6 LI LINK86 2 10 LOC86 5 7 LIB86 commands...

Страница 270: ...ORDER 5 11 PRINT 5 12 PRINTCONTROLS 5 13 PUBLICS 5 14 PURGE 5 15 RESERVE 5 16 SEGSIZE 5 17 START 5 18 SYMBOLS 5 19 SYMBOLCOLUMNS 5 19 control summary 5 2 G l error messages G 2 in development process...

Страница 271: ...S LINK86 2 18 LOC86 5 13 LINK86 2 21 LOC86 5 15 NOSB LINK86 2 24 LOC86 5 19 NOSYMBOLS in OBJECTCONTROLS LINK86 2 14 LOC86 5 1O in PRINTCONTROLS LINK86 2 18 LOC86 5 13 LINK86 2 24 LOC86 5 19 NOTY 2 26...

Страница 272: ...evelopment 1 1 PU LINK86 2 21 LOC86 5 15 PUBLICS in LIB86 LIST control 4 6 in OBJECTCONTROLS LINK86 2 14 LOC86 5 1O in PRINTCONTROLS LINK86 2 18 LOC86 5 13 LINK86 2 19 LOC86 5 14 PUBLICSONLY 2 20 publ...

Страница 273: ...prompts 1 1 related publications 1 2 software version compatibilities 1 1 Series IV information continuation line characters K l environmental considerations K l iNDX conventions K l pathnames K l pro...

Страница 274: ...Intel Literature Department see page ii of this manual 1 Please describe any errors you f ound in this publication include page number 2 Does the publication cover the information you expected or req...

Страница 275: ...e better manuals Each reply will be carefully reviewed by the responsible person All comments and suggestions become the property of Intel Corpora tion c E M N OP TA POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE...

Страница 276: ...INTEL CORPORATION 3065 Bowers Avenue Santa Clara California 95051 408 987 8080 Printed in U S A MICROPROCESSORS 0218 6K 02851APIAD...

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