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To see routing changes due to ICMP redirect messages, select NETSTAT menu 2 or
NETSTAT *RTE and then press PF11. Comparing the next hop in this display with
the next hop present in the routing table, you can verify whether a route has been
dynamically changed.

Dead Gateway Processing

RFC-1122,

Requirements For Internet Hosts - Communication Layers

, requires the IP

layer to include a dead gateway algorithm to manage suspected gateway failures.
This section is intended to give you an overview of dead gateway processing.

Two types of gateway failures can occur:

v

Failure of a first-hop gateway. A first-hop gateway is the gateway that is
specified in an IP route. First-hop gateways must be on a directly-connected
network. This type of failure can be detected by either TCP or the data link
layer.

v

Failure of a gateway other than the first-hop gateway. The path between source
and destination TCP/IP hosts can traverse multiple gateways. This type of
failure can be detected only by TCP.

Dead gateway processing is initiated when IP receives a negative advice indicator
from either TCP or the data link layer. These indicators from TCP and the data link
layer are referred to as advice since they may result from transient conditions as
well as from a serious gateway failure.

Negative Advice from TCP or the Data Link Layer

Retransmissions on a TCP connection occur as a result of transient or non-transient
problems somewhere along the path to a destination host. When TCP notices
excessive retransmissions on a TCP connection, a TCP negative advice indicator is
sent to IP.

Figure 46. Example of ICMP Redirect

Chapter 2. TCP/IP: Operation, Management, and Advanced Topics

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Содержание SC41-5420-04

Страница 1: ...iSeries TCP IP Configuration and Reference Version 5 SC41 5420 04...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...iSeries TCP IP Configuration and Reference Version 5 SC41 5420 04...

Страница 4: ...on May 2001 This edition replaces SC41 5420 03 This edition applies only to reduced instruction set computer RISC systems Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1997 2001 All rights res...

Страница 5: ...36 Route to Interface Binding 36 Display TCP IP Route Information 37 Work with TCP IP Connection Status 38 Ending TCP IP Connections 40 Working with Configuration Status 41 Displaying TCP IP Network S...

Страница 6: ...IP Application Exit Points and Programs 79 TCP IP Exit Points and Exit Programs 79 OS 400 Registration Facility 80 TCP IP Application Exit Points 80 Creating Exit Programs 81 Adding Your Exit Program...

Страница 7: ...nternet Protocol TCP IP and operating and managing your network Most topics have been moved to the Information Center Note This book contains links to various topics within the Information Center and...

Страница 8: ...vi OS 400 TCP IP Configuration and Reference V5R1...

Страница 9: ...ion v iSeries 400 Installation and Service Library SK3T 4096 00 This CD ROM contains PDF manuals needed for installation and system maintenance of an IBM iSeries 400 server v iSeries 400 Setup and Ope...

Страница 10: ...viii OS 400 TCP IP Configuration and Reference V5R1...

Страница 11: ...an give the form to the local IBM branch office or IBM representative for postage paid mailing v If you prefer to send comments by FAX use either of the following numbers United States Canada and Puer...

Страница 12: ...x OS 400 TCP IP Configuration and Reference V5R1...

Страница 13: ...ster LPR v Point to Point Protocol PPP v Post Office Protocol POP v Remote Execution REXEC v Route Daemon RouteD v Telnet v Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP v Troubleshooting v Workstation Gateway...

Страница 14: ...xii OS 400 TCP IP Configuration and Reference V5R1...

Страница 15: ...2 on page 8 The initial displays and menus that are shown when you configure TCP IP on your system may not contain any entries The sample command line interface displays in this chapter may already c...

Страница 16: ...es of the systems in your network For example do either of the following v Build a local host table v Identify a Domain Name System DNS server for maintaining host table entries 3 Install the appropri...

Страница 17: ...6 Familiarize yourself with the TCP IP Administration Menu The TCP IP Administration menu Figure 1 on page 6 provides easy access to common functions associated with administering TCP IP To get to thi...

Страница 18: ...TCP IP Host Information Checklist Table 2 Local TCP IP Host Information Interfaces to Local TCP IP Networks Interface 1 Interface 2 Interface 3 Internet address Line description name Subnet mask Inter...

Страница 19: ...owing steps to install TCP IP on your server 1 Insert your installation media for TCP IP into your server If your installation media is a CD ROM insert it into your optical device If your installation...

Страница 20: ...s menu to configure your local server to communicate with other systems in a TCP IP network v Option 2 Configure TCP IP applications Displays the Configure TCP IP Applications menu Use the options on...

Страница 21: ...Option 9 Start TCP IP FTP session Select this option to issue the Start TCP IP FTP STRTCPFTP command This command is used to start a file transfer using TCP IP This command is the iSeries version of t...

Страница 22: ...ses or to print the list v Option 10 Work with TCP IP host table entries Select this option to add host IP addresses and their associated host names to the host table or to display change print rename...

Страница 23: ...es Select this option to configure the tables related to TCP IP These tables are Protocol table Contains a list of protocols used in the Internet Services table Contains a list of services and the spe...

Страница 24: ...ce service access point SSAP list The SSAP X AA required for an IEEE 802 3 Ethernet is automatically allocated if you use the SYSGEN special value When TCP IP starts an interface the line controller a...

Страница 25: ...sociated local interface An additional requirement is for the subnet mask that is defined for the associated local interface Automatic start Refers to whether the TCP IP interface is started automatic...

Страница 26: ...t are not on the Add TCP IP Interface ADDTCPIFC Type choices press Enter Internet address Line description Name LOOPBACK VIRTUALIP Subnet mask Associated local interface NONE Type of service NORMAL MI...

Страница 27: ...ation includes the subnet part as well In other words the route destination equals the address of a TCP IP network to be reached Subnet mask A bit mask that defines which part of an Internet address f...

Страница 28: ...pter Manual configuration of the routes that tell TCP IP how to reach the local networks is not required iSeries TCP IP generates these routes automatically from the configuration information for the...

Страница 29: ...e of NONE Consult Multiple Routes on page 61 for further information about multiple default routes and the type of service TOS parameter Add TCP IP Route ADDTCPRTE Type choices press Enter Route desti...

Страница 30: ...work address of each system if you use a switched virtual circuit SVC If a permanent virtual circuit PVC is set up by the network connecting your system with your remote TCP IP partner you need to kno...

Страница 31: ...ion with DDN specified as YES when you try to connect to a host that is not defined in the remote system Work with TCP IP Remote System Information System SYSNAM890 Type options press Enter 1 Add 4 Re...

Страница 32: ...esses and related host names for your network Host tables map Internet addresses to TCP IP host names Host tables allow users to use an easily remembered name for a system in a network without having...

Страница 33: ...licitly known Work with TCP IP Host Table Entries System SYSNAM890 Type options press Enter 1 Add 2 Change 4 Remove 5 Display 7 Rename Internet Host Opt Address Name _ _______________ _ 127 0 0 1 LOOP...

Страница 34: ...specifies this value as a host name You can define up to four names for each Internet address If the TCP IP host is in your local domain then it is not necessary to qualify the host with the domain n...

Страница 35: ...ere are several reasons to put your host name in the host table v You may want to use your host name when using FTP TELNET or PING to test your own system s configuration Work with TCP IP Host Table E...

Страница 36: ...and identified in the TCP IP domain The local domain name is also used by sockets to help in host name resolution at the Domain Name System DNS server The Post Office Protocol POP and Simple Mail Tran...

Страница 37: ...th large host tables it is more convenient to have DNS servers than to have a complete copy of the host table on every host in the network A DNS server maintains the host table for an entire TCP IP do...

Страница 38: ...at are issued If the QTCPIP job does not start look for spooled job logs Generally the user for these job logs is QTCP Use the Work with Spooled Files WRKSPLF command and specify QTCP for the user WRK...

Страница 39: ...nversion If you had a pre V3R1M0 version of TCP IP installed on your iSeries and you had a local host table with more than 75 entries use one of the host table configuration commands such as CHGTCPHTE...

Страница 40: ...the End TCP IP ENDTCP command to end all TCP IP processing The command can be issued from the command line or by using option 4 on the TCP IP Administration menu To display this menu enter GO TCPADM o...

Страница 41: ...test TCP IP applications without actually connecting to a physical network The server defines LOOPBACK as the default host name by automatically creating an entry in the local host table Verifying Add...

Страница 42: ...F4 The display for the VFYTCPCNN command appears Figure 20 2 Type the name of a remote system as defined in your host table or as defined by your domain name server If you prefer to use an Internet a...

Страница 43: ..._______________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Remote internet address _____________________________ Additional Parameters Mess...

Страница 44: ...__ _______________________________________________________________________________ Additional Parameters Message mode Response message detail VERBOSE VERBOSE QUIET Summary if response errors COMP COMP...

Страница 45: ...Note You do not have to end TCP IP in order to save the configuration files However you should end TCP IP before any TCP IP configuration files are restored Chapter 1 Configuring TCP IP 31...

Страница 46: ...32 OS 400 TCP IP Configuration and Reference V5R1...

Страница 47: ...Web page for more information NETSTAT displays the current TCP IP protocol stack information This information does not necessarily match the configuration data you see when using the Configure TCP IP...

Страница 48: ...n in Figure 26 on page 35 Work with TCP IP Network Status System SYSNAM04 Select one of the following 1 Work with TCP IP interface status 2 Display TCP IP route information 3 Work with TCP IP connecti...

Страница 49: ...et Protocol IP over Systems Network Architecture SNA interfaces For information about starting IP over SNA interfaces see the STRIPSIFC Start IP over SNA Interface command in Control Languages http pu...

Страница 50: ...s and IP over SNA interfaces For information about ending IP over SNA interfaces see the ENDIPSIFC End IP over SNA Interface command in Control Languages http publib boulder ibm com pubs html as400 v5...

Страница 51: ...nformation 1 On the Work with TCP IP Network Status menu type 2 on the command line or enter the WRKTCPSTS RTE command 2 Press the Enter key The first of the two Display TCP IP Route Information displ...

Страница 52: ...he Work with TCP IP Network Status menu or enter the WRKTCPSTS CNN command 2 Press the Enter key The first of the three Work with TCP IP Connection Status displays as shown in Figure 29 on page 39 To...

Страница 53: ...Display byte counts F13 Sort by column F14 Display port numbers F22 Display entire field F24 More keys Figure 29 Work with TCP IP Connection Status Display 1 of 3 Work with TCP IP Connection Status Sy...

Страница 54: ...ype options press Enter 4 End 5 Display details Remote Remote Local Local Opt Address Port Address Port Type ftp con TCP telnet TCP telnet TCP lpd TCP 9 125 87 222 1070 TCP 9 5 1 131 1954 9 125 87 10...

Страница 55: ...ace Using the options shown in Figure 33 on page 42 you can vary a line description on or off display the Work with Job menu and display the line description or mode status This option cannot be used...

Страница 56: ...h you want to see the associated multicast groups 2 Press the Enter key Figure 34 on page 43 illustrates the display of the multicast groups for an Ethernet interface If you have requested multicast g...

Страница 57: ...have requested interface status information for more than one interface press the Enter key to view the remaining displays Display Multicast Host Groups System SYSNAM04 Interface internet address 10 5...

Страница 58: ...r more than one interface press the Enter key to view the remaining displays Display TCP IP Interface Status System SYSNAM04 Interface host name sysnam04 endicott ibm Internet address 9 125 87 10 Subn...

Страница 59: ...y Figure 37 on page 46 and Figure 38 on page 46 are examples Display Associated Routes System SYSNAM04 Interface internet address 9 125 87 10 Type options press Enter 5 Display details Route Subnet Ne...

Страница 60: ...ndicott ibm Next hop DIRECT Type of service MAXTHRPUT Route available YES Route type DIRECT Route source CFG Change date time 04 26 94 14 32 32 Route maximum transmission unit 1989 Reference count 0 L...

Страница 61: ...IRECT YES DFTROUTE NONE 9 125 87 169 YES DFTROUTE NONE 9 125 87 250 YES Bottom F3 Exit F5 Refresh F6 Print list F11 Display route type F12 Cancel F13 Sort by column F17 Top F18 Bottom Figure 39 Displa...

Страница 62: ...Figure 41 Figure 42 on page 49 and Figure 43 on page 49 show displays for a TCP connection Display TCP Connection Status System SYSNAM04 Connection identification Remote host name drfun rchland ibm co...

Страница 63: ...53023 Incoming urgency number 1545153022 Incoming window number 1545160742 More Press Enter to continue F3 Exit F5 Refresh F6 Print F10 Display IP options F12 Cancel F14 Display port numbers F22 Displ...

Страница 64: ...f managing IP addresses and host names particularly in large network environments However even some small organizations that access the Internet require a DNS server to meet their name service needs D...

Страница 65: ...he imported host table The name of the database file containing the local host table is QATOCHOST with member HOSTS in library QUSRSYS This file is used directly by iSeries TCP IP no conversion into a...

Страница 66: ...QUSRSYS A single record contains an Internet address up to four host domain names and a text description field For more details regarding record and file formats use the DSPFFD Display File Field Des...

Страница 67: ...PARKY SYSNAM123 IBM COM at address 9 4 6 138 found host table Duplicate host name MVAX SYSNAM123 IBM COM at address 9 4 6 252 found host table File M03HOSTS member FIRST merged with host table however...

Страница 68: ...next datagram is then sent using the more optimum route received from the gateway You can see the updated routing table by using NETSTAT option 2 A route created by the ICMP redirect mechanism is reco...

Страница 69: ...ilure can be detected by either TCP or the data link layer v Failure of a gateway other than the first hop gateway The path between source and destination TCP IP hosts can traverse multiple gateways T...

Страница 70: ...spect gateway the gateway is considered active and the routes are restored Notes about IP Responses to Negative Advice 1 If an ICMP redirect message is received during dead gateway processing routes t...

Страница 71: ...AN network You add multiple TCP IP interfaces Each of these TCP IP interfaces includes an Internet address of the same TCP IP network With these multiple Internet addresses your server appears as mult...

Страница 72: ...IP networks for example the company intranet and connections with business partners and service providers For each of these different TCP IP networks your server must configure a unique Internet addr...

Страница 73: ...erver SYSNAM03 connects with a service provider by using TCP IP and the same X 25 network attachment Figure 52 The Internet address assigned by the service provider for the server is 223 1 1 17 The mu...

Страница 74: ...follows NORMAL Normal service is used for delivery of datagrams MINDELAY Minimize delay means that prompt delivery is important for datagrams with this indication MAXTHRPUT Maximize throughput means...

Страница 75: ...nterfaces and routes in the TCP IP configuration Based on the administrator s knowledge of the hardware technologies available on systems and networks used TOS values for the routes must also be defin...

Страница 76: ...ricting the use of ports 21 23 or 25 prevents other users from using FTP TELNET or SMTP respectively The iSeries Add TCP IP Port Restriction ADDTCPPORT command allows you to restrict usage of a single...

Страница 77: ...the server application As an example for File Transfer Protocol FTP this would be user profile QTCP Configuring TCP IP Port Restrictions To configure TCP IP port restrictions type option 4 on the Conf...

Страница 78: ...pe choices press Enter Range of port values Lower value 1060 1 65535 Upper value ONLY 1 65535 ONLY Protocol tcp UDP TCP User profile gerry Character value Bottom F3 Exit F4 Prompt F5 Refresh F12 Cance...

Страница 79: ...s host table v etc protocols protocol table v etc services service table v etc networks network table iSeries TCP IP maintains the service protocol and network tables as database files iSeries TCP IP...

Страница 80: ...p ftp control 21 udp ftp data 20 tcp ftp data 20 udp gopher 70 tcp gopher 70 udp graphics 41 tcp graphics 41 udp pop3 110 tcp More Parameters for options 1 and 4 or command F3 Exit F4 Prompt F5 Refres...

Страница 81: ...re shown how to define the X 25 network address of each system that uses a switched virtual circuit SVC To replace the X 25 SVC with an X 25 permanent virtual circuit PVC connection the example below...

Страница 82: ...ast characteristics associated with that socket The setsockopt function accepts the following IPPROTO_IP level flags v IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP Joins the multicast group specified v IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP Leaves...

Страница 83: ...e token ring line description To add this address to a line description that is named TRNLINE use the following command CHGLINTRN LIND TRNLINE FCNADR C00000040000 The 2617 Ethernet IOP also requires m...

Страница 84: ...70 OS 400 TCP IP Configuration and Reference V5R1...

Страница 85: ...e of these pieces of information is the routing entry compare value This value identifies which routing entry in a subsystem description is used when this job is submitted By changing that routing ent...

Страница 86: ...OS 400 release and the TCP IP configuration For details about specific functions contact your local service representative TCP IP assist functions are available on these IOPs v 2617 Ethernet IEEE 802...

Страница 87: ...data represents averages of measurements that are taken The actual time required on your server will be different Three cases were measured v Small merge merge a 250 record file into the local host ta...

Страница 88: ...rations you can use the TCPONLY parameter when you create or change your Ethernet line descriptions Setting TCPONLY to YES in other hardware configurations has no effect on the line 74 OS 400 TCP IP C...

Страница 89: ...ing the Create Network Interface Frame Relay Network CRTNWIFR command The line description is created using the appropriate Create Line Description command and attached to the frame relay NWI by speci...

Страница 90: ...hysical line to support TCP IP If a line description does not exist for a physical IOP you must create a new one Use one of the commands mentioned in Table 8 on page 75 to create a line description or...

Страница 91: ...ends on the value that you specify for the route on the MTU parameter of the route or interface commands mentioned previously It also depends on the type of physical line that you use the maximum fram...

Страница 92: ...78 OS 400 TCP IP Configuration and Reference V5R1...

Страница 93: ...ssed to an exit program An exit program is a program to which the exit point passes control For each exit point there is an associated programming interface called an exit point interface The exit poi...

Страница 94: ...work with exit programs associated with an exit point The Work with Registration Information display is shown in Figure 63 on page 82 TCP IP Application Exit Points The following table lists the exit...

Страница 95: ...n of your exit program 3 Design the exit program 4 Code the exit program 5 Add the exit program to the appropriate exit point in the registration facility See Adding Your Exit Program to the Registrat...

Страница 96: ...Restore User Profile Exit Poi QIBM_QTF_TRANSFER TRAN0100 YES Original File Transfer Functi QIBM_QTMF_CLIENT_REQ VLRQ0100 YES FTP Client Request Validation QIBM_QTMF_SERVER_REQ VLRQ0100 YES FTP Server...

Страница 97: ...soon as you start additional sessions Changes do not affect client sessions that are already running 4 When you add FTP server exit programs end and restart the FTP servers to ensure that all servers...

Страница 98: ...m that performs a security related operation this operation is no longer performed Remove security related exit programs with caution Add Exit Program ADDEXITPGM Type choices press Enter Exit point QI...

Страница 99: ...F_CLIENT_REQ Exit Point Name QIBM_QTMF_SERVER_REQ Exit Point Name QIBM_QTMX_SERVER_REQ Exit Point Name QIBM_QTOD_SERVER_REQ Exit Point Format Name VLRQ0100 The TCP IP request validation exit point ena...

Страница 100: ...run if it is allowed Remote IP address INPUT CHAR The Internet Protocol IP address of the remote host system This string is in dotted decimal format left justified The remote host may be a client or a...

Страница 101: ...emainder of the current session v The exit program will not be called again for this operation identifier 0 Reject the operation 1 Allow the operation 2 Always allow this operation identifier v This o...

Страница 102: ...elete directory library RMD XRMD 3 Set current directory LCD CWD CDUP XCWD XCUP 4 List directory library LIST NLIST 5 Delete files DELE 6 Send files APPEND PUT MPUT2 RETR 7 Receive files GET MGET2 APP...

Страница 103: ...P address Input Char 3 Length of remote IP address Input Binary 4 4 Command string Input Char 5 Length of command string Input Binary 4 6 Command processor identifier Output Binary 4 7 Character conve...

Страница 104: ...stream from the ASCII CCSID that the CHGRXCA command specifies to the job CCSID If the job CCSID is 65535 the server uses the default CCSID of the job v The server converts data in the stdout and ster...

Страница 105: ...streams to file descriptors 0 1 and 2 respectively The server sets the QIBM_USE_DESCRIPTOR_STDIO environment variable to Y Any other environment variables that the exit program sets are inherited by t...

Страница 106: ...92 OS 400 TCP IP Configuration and Reference V5R1...

Страница 107: ...Licensing 2 31 Roppongi 3 chome Minato ku Tokyo 106 Japan The following paragraph does not apply to the United Kingdom or any other country where such provisions are inconsistent with local law INTERN...

Страница 108: ...not been thoroughly tested under all conditions IBM therefore cannot guarantee or imply reliability serviceability or function of these programs You may copy modify and distribute these sample program...

Страница 109: ...Microsoft Windows Windows NT and the Windows logo are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States other countries or both Java and all Java based trademarks and logos are trad...

Страница 110: ...96 OS 400 TCP IP Configuration and Reference V5R1...

Страница 111: ...YTCPCNN 27 VFYTCPCNN Verify TCP IP Connection 27 Work with Registration Information WRKREGINF 81 Work with TCP IP Network Status WRKTCPSTS 33 WRKREGINF Work with Registration Information 81 WRKTCPSTS...

Страница 112: ...system 53 host information 51 host name configuring 22 definition 22 host table adding entry 18 before using STRTCP command 25 configuring 18 conversion 25 creating 53 displaying 19 duplicate host nam...

Страница 113: ...oving exit program 84 request validation application exit point interface 85 exit program FTP 85 REXEC Remote Execution server exit programs 89 RMVEXITPGM Remove Exit Program command 84 route default...

Страница 114: ...5 QSYSWRK subsystem 25 starting 24 U user profile definition 64 V Verify TCP IP Connection VFYTCPCNN command 27 verifying TCP IP connections 27 VFYTCPCNN Verify TCP IP Connection command 27 W wireless...

Страница 115: ......

Страница 116: ...Printed in the United States of America on recycled paper containing 10 recovered post consumer fiber SC41 5420 04...

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