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Colour Film

These films produce an image in colour after appropriate processing, corresponding directly or indirectly to the natural colours of the

subject. From the practical point of view, colour film is as easy to use as black-and-white film, but needs a little more care in

exposure. Processing is more complex and is often carried out by the film maker or specially appointed processing laboratories.

There are two types of colour film: reversal and negative.

Colour, Reversal Film

This produces a colour transparency on the actual film exposed in the camera. This transparency held up to the light shows a positive

image with all parts of the subject in their original colours. It can be viewed in a suitable transparency viewer with a magnifier or it can

be projected in a slide projector to give a large picture on a screen.

There is little doubt that the projected image is the most natural and best for showing colour.

Although the colour transparency is an end product. it can still be used to make:

(a) duplicate positive colour transparencies,

(b) a black-and-white negative which can then be used to produce black-and-white prints or enlargements,

(d) direct colour enlargements on colour reversal paper.

Colour prints on paper invariably show loss of colour quality as compared wish the original positive transparency.

For correct colour rendering, colour reversal films have to be carefully matched to the light by which they are to be exposed.

Accordingly, most makes are available in two or more of the following types:

(a) daylight colour film which will give correct colour reproduction in daylight or with blue-tinted flash bulbs,

(b) artificial light type colour film which will give correct rendering by photoflood or tungsten illumination,

Colour films made for one kind of light may often be used under different light conditions with the aid of a conversion filter as

recommended by the manufacturer.

Different makes of colour film may yield transparencies of a slightly different characteristic colour quality, colour saturation and colour

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Содержание 1000 F

Страница 1: ...ble of Contents Introduction The Hasselblad System Hasselblad Evolution The Hasselblad Picture Size Handling the Hasselblad The interchangeable film magazine Loading the Rollfilm Magazine Using 220 Film Films and Filters Colour Film Filters for Black and White Film Filters for Colour Film Exposure Time Exposures Using an Exposure Meter Shutter Speed and Movement www mr alvandi com ...

Страница 2: ...closed First Edition October 1962 Second Edition February 1966 Third Edition July 1969 12s 6d net 63p THE HASSELBLAD SYSTEM The Hasselblad single lens reflex camera is one of the very few models I this type designed for 2 x 2 in size pictures on standard 120 roll film It is extremely versatile in its application through a system of interchangable film backs for different picture sizes and types of...

Страница 3: ...the diaphragm closes down to the preselected opening the auxiliary shutter opens the mirror flies up and the shutter blades open for the exposure The standard lens is the 80 mm 3 1 8 in Zeiss Planar f2 8 seven element four component symmetrical anastigmat which combines a wide aperture with excellent correction of the various abberations It has an angle of view of 52 degrees and a focusing range o...

Страница 4: ...THE HASSELBLAD 500EL introduced in 1965 is basically a 500C but has a built in electric motor to advance the film and cock the shutter automatically for remote operation of the camera THE HASSELBLAD SUPER WIDE introduced in 1954 is similar to the specification on page 7 but has a Compur shutter and film transport knob The lens has a manual pre set iris The camera base has no quick mounting facilit...

Страница 5: ...nfused by different features if individual model this Guide is divided into a general section hich applies to all Hasselblad models and a section of green pages to cover the individual requirements and differences in handling of each model For convenience a symbolic reference system is also used in the general section Wherever the sign appears further details will be found in the camera pages of t...

Страница 6: ...pshot to a real picture The focusing screen is the most efficient means of photographic collation Unlike any other viewfinder it presents a two dimensional full size preview of the photograph as it will look later The man who cannot be taught to see photographically by the ground glass of a camera will never learn to do so To open the hood push its catch to the right The hooding of the finder keep...

Страница 7: ...th the empty camera with its film magazine in position until you can do them practically automatically 1 Wind the film transport This advances the film and film counter tensions the shutter opens the aperture in C models and brings down the mirror ready for the next exposure 2 Open reflex hood to focus for a preview of the picture you want to take 3 Set the exposure Adjust the shutter for the righ...

Страница 8: ...rea masked down This offers a certain film economy especially when using colour film The film counter on the magazine counts exposures up to No 16 A ground glass screen mask is also supplied with the magazine with markings to show the limits of the 1 5 8 x 1 5 8 in super slide size This gives a guide to arranging a picture for subsequent trimming down to a miniature slide format for mounting in 2 ...

Страница 9: ...right the camera is now ready to shoot Removing the magazine First always insert the slide to close the film aperture light tight right then press the catch to release the magazine from the body far right Fitting to and Removal from the Camera Let us start with the magazine attached to the camera Before the magazine can be removed the sheath has to be in place on the front of the magazine protecti...

Страница 10: ...r the first exposure This causes No 1 to appear in the automatic film counter window on the winder side of the magazine Always set the counter window to No 1 immediately if this is overlooked you will get uneven spacing between the individual negatives and possibly lose the last exposure 6 Set the film indicator This is advisable even if only one magazine is used and becomes essential when you wor...

Страница 11: ...onstruction of the camera automatically prevents two exposures it one film frame deliberate double exposures are possible The procedure after the first exposure is as follows 1 Remove the magazine 2 Tension the shutter without magazine attached to the camera 3 Attach the magazine again 4 Release the shutter Quick Winding Crank This special crank for film magazines is attached to the loading key of...

Страница 12: ...ool holder is inserted in the magazine set the exposure counter to 1 3 Wind the film forwards 10 complete turns 20 half turns or until the frame number 8 begins to appear in the exposure counter window 4 Reset the exposure counter to 1 5 Expose 12 frames until stop 6 Reset the exposure counter to 1 7 Expose another 12 frames until stop Magazine Serial No 64400 1 Thread the film in the usual manner...

Страница 13: ... The above speed figures are based on the latest ASA Standard for film speeds and on the BC and DIN Standards under revision These figures when used on the exposure meter give minimum correct exposures to make the most of the versatility of the film and of the image quality They are also the figures quoted by most film manufacturers Sometimes films are however still rated according to earlier stan...

Страница 14: ...nsparencies b a black and white negative which can then be used to produce black and white prints or enlargements c a colour negative for making colour prints and enlargemerits as from colour negative film described below d direct colour enlargements on colour reversal paper Colour prints on paper invariably show loss of colour quality as compared wish the original positive transparency For correc...

Страница 15: ...tor with screen in most cases both A final point to consider is the quality The transparency will record each colour and its brilliance in full Held to the light or projected on a screen the brightness range which may be 100 1 is fully or almost fully retained It shows colours brilliant with great depth and realism The colour print can at its best only reflect four fifths of the light failing on i...

Страница 16: ... of the film and on the colour of the prevailing light With orthochromatic films the scope for control with filters is more limited since the film is insensitive to the orange and red band of the spectrum Hence there is no point in controlling tones by blue or green filters and no possibility of doing so by red and orange ones Only yellow filters are of use with ortho films INDUSTRIAL SHOTS INDUST...

Страница 17: ...d almost shadowless illumination for the girl admiiring her electric type writer right SPORTS WITH SPORTS and action subjects especially where it is not easy to get close the longer focal lenghts are useful The shot of the skating race above was taken with the 500 mm Tele Tessar f 8 from a viewpoint in the stands For sailing pictures opposite the long reach of the tele lenses enables what would be...

Страница 18: ...WILD LIFE www mr alvandi com ...

Страница 19: ...normal yellow orange and other filters for black and white film must never be used with colour films as they would give the colour picture a strong overall colour tint In daylight and with daylight type film only two filters are ever required One is a haze filter almost colourless but for a slight straw tinge It is usefully employed on hazy days and in high altitudes to avoid excessive bluishness ...

Страница 20: ... look and he knew Today a light meter or exposure meter does the same for any photographer It takes a look it measures the light and it lets you know In fact it does more than that It translates the light measured straight into terms of photographic exposure It does so by presenting you with the choice of aperture numbers and shutter speeds sorting them out in pairs Aperture and Speed The aperture...

Страница 21: ...o hit it off in such a way that it will produce the picture you want is still a matter of intelligent judgment EXPOSURE VALUES The exposure value system works by assigning a single setting one of a series of plain numbers to the exposure A low exposure value corresponds to a great exposure higher exposure values corresponds to decreased exposures Thus if an exposure value of 12 yields a correctly ...

Страница 22: ...lp of a cable release to avoid shaking the camera This release screws into the bush of the cable release socket For long time exposures where the shutter is to remain open for longer than you can conveniently keep the release depressed use the time lock or cable release on the camera The Self timer All lenses of Hasselblad 500C and Super Wide C have shutters which incorporate a delayed action rele...

Страница 23: ...l to give half the exposure i e use double the shutter speed or use one stop smaller INCIDENT LIGHT MEASUREMENT Another method of assessing exposure is to measure the strength of the light falling on the subject instead of that reflected by it But if you point the meter straight at the light you get a a much higher reading than if you point it at the subject So the light has to be cut down for the...

Страница 24: ...vement An unsteady camera hold results in camera shake which will lead to inferior definition of the negative Practical experience goes to show that 1 125 sec is safe while you have to hold the camera particularly steady when using 1 60 or 1 30 sec Where lighting conditions make even longer exposure times essential and there is no subject movement either support the camera on a tripod or look roun...

Страница 25: ...finite respectively Hasselblad 1600F 1000F and Super Wide have a special scale of aperture numbers marked opposite the distance scale There are two sets of such numbers from the largest stop f 2 8 to the smallest f 22 on each side of the focusing index the mark that indicates the distance to which you have set the lens You will also notice that the depth of field is greater at far distances than a...

Страница 26: ...ens apertures top left WORKING IN HOT CLIMATES High and widely varying temperatures with low humidity as occur in desert regions and dry seasons and very high humidity in rainy seasons call for special precautions to protect the life and continued good performance of the camera These conditions also cause the growth of moulds on organic matter Sand dust and insects may present problems The camera ...

Страница 27: ...tronic flash is suitable for black and white and negative colour film and also for daylight type reversal colour films It can also be used for fill in lighting by daylight The Hasselblad cameras are synchronized for use with flash bulbs and electronic flash The handling of the camera models using lenses with Compur shutter 500C Super Wide and Super Wide C and those with focal plane shutter 1600F 1...

Страница 28: ... shutters on the lenses of the model 500C left carry a synchronizing lever with three positions V X and M the V position is the setting for the self timer the X and M positions are for different types of flash synchronization page 54 On the original Super Wide there are only two settings X and M right The flash cable plugs into the socket lever left A cable bearer fits into one of the two sockets ...

Страница 29: ...ven of a near object you have to go really close to it Near objects then tend to dwarf more distant ones and the resulting picture shows pronounced perspective effects In this way the wide angle lens can be used to emphasize perspective Telephotography A tele lens on the other hand has a smaller angle of view than the standard lens It is of longer focal length and reproduces less of the subject in...

Страница 30: ...0C The Hasselblad 500C is the standard camera of this series with interchangeable lenses and finder systems interchangeable winding knob and interchangeable roll film magazine backs Each lens comes in its own Synchro Compur shutter giving automatic speeds of 1 1 8 1 15 1 30 1 60 1 125 50 1 500 sec and B for time exposures The shutter is synchronized for flash bulbs and electronic flash at all spee...

Страница 31: ...on without actually taking the exposure see below Quick release or d trying to wind on before the shutter particularly when set to a slow exposure e g 1 sec has fully run down 2 Open the reflex hood for a preview of the picture you intend to take 3 Set the exposure value The shutter rim carries a range of numbers engraved in red from 2 to 18 These are exposure values for correct exposure Each expo...

Страница 32: ...ash bulbs THE DELAYED ACTION RELEASE built into the Synchro Compur releases any speed set from 1 sec to 1 500 sec with 8 sec delay It is brought into action by moving the green level on the left of the shutter to V while pressing the small protruding lock at the left at the same time Set the time catch on the camera release to T After the self timer exposure reset the time catch to O otherwise you...

Страница 33: ...tch on the rim and turn the knob anti clockwise left then lift off To attach the knob place it in position with its red circle opposite the red triangular mark on the body centre then turn clockwise to engage the bayonet lock right The solid red mark must now be opposite the red triangle THE HASSELBLAD 500EL The Hasselblad 500EL is basically a Hasselblad 500C but it has an electric motor drive bui...

Страница 34: ... setting This advances the film and cocks the shutter To save the batteries use the time lever for exposures in excess of 1 minute and also when making exposures with the self timer Alternative Release Methods There are two releases on the camera front and one on the side Normal exposures are made with a release button which can be attached to either of the two front sockets To work away from the ...

Страница 35: ... electronic flash All the interchangeable lenses except 250 mm are fitted with a manual pre selector iris and all have a depth of field indicator The standard lens is the 80 mm Ektar f 2 8 the later models of the 1000F are fitted with the 80 mm Zeiss Tessar f 2 8 Alternative lenses cover focal lengths from 135 to 250 mm THE MODEL 1600F has shutter speeds from 1 sec to 1 1600 sec and B THE MODEL 10...

Страница 36: ...TTINGS For flash the special flash connection or the frame finder with flash connection is required This goes into the accessory shoe on the side of the camera body and carries two flash sockets Push in the attachment as far as it will go it must click into position to establish the correct flash contact There are two models of this socket connection One carries the now discontinued U S type twin ...

Страница 37: ...ameras in their own right they can also be considered as front attachments to the Hasselblad 500C 1600F or 1000F The Super Wide is an extreme wide angle camera With an angle of view of 90 degrees it offers a subject field four times larger than the standard 80 mm lens with its angle of view of 52 degrees This feature is of greatest value when taking photographs in limited space indoors and for arc...

Страница 38: ...ale until its index points to the aperture selected 4 Set the distance Focus by turning the large milled ring on the rear of the lens mount to bring the required distance figure opposite the index 5 View the subject through the finder Watch the spirit level through the prism Perfect alignment is essential to avoid distorted vertical and horizontal lines 6 Release the shutter gently Special Control...

Страница 39: ...for the first exposure The strap button takes the carrying strap The depth of field indicator is coupled with the lens aperture setting The signals on the camera magazine indicate the state of readiness after exposure or after film transport The film counter shows the number of exposures taken The transport crank advances the film and at the same time tensions the shutter Shooting with the Super W...

Страница 40: ... in Synchro Compur shutter automatic and manual aperture adjustment automatic depth of field indicators exposure value scales and delayed action The iris diaphragm on the latest versions of the Hasselblad 500C lenses has a special release lever to stop down the lens to its preselected aperture during viewing This lever is on the shutter rim on the winding knob side of the camera when the lens is m...

Страница 41: ...ed film use a position 4 2 min to the right from the central distance indication line as the focusing index THE 250 mm ZEISS SONNAR f 5 6 is a tele lens for close ups of distant subjects It yields more than 3 times magnification as compared with the standard lens It is a four element construction with an angle of view of 18 degrees and has a focusing range from 8 ft to infinity For nearer shots ex...

Страница 42: ... 5 6 model This lens uses the special Zeiss filters which are placed between the lens and the lens hood The latter comes with the lens The Super Wide angle Lens The 38 mm BIOGON f4 5 forms part of the Hasselblad Super Wide camera It can in a way be considered as a lens unit usable with the magazines and other attachments of the Hasselblad system Changing the 1000F and 1600F Lenses The lenses are f...

Страница 43: ...rpose the magazine has to be released You can then slide the hood backwards out of its grooved fitting As an alternative there is available a magnifying hood the eye level pentaprisms or the prism sports finder which is now discontinued These are pushed into the grooves above the ground glass screen from the back Push the unit home until it clicks into place THE MAGNIFYING HOOD carries in its top ...

Страница 44: ...TS FINDER F is of similar design to the Tirac but for the 1600F and 1000F The base contains the flash socket for either the U S or the standard 3 mm co axial flash plug THE FRAME FINDER TISFC shows the field of the 150 mm and 250 mm lenses and clips to the front of the lens hood The Ground Glass Adapter A ground glass adapter can be attached to the back of the Super Wide models in the same way as ...

Страница 45: ...quired Extension Tubes These go between the lens and the camera body They increase the lens to film distance and thus enable the lens to focus on much closer distances FOR THE HASSELBLAD 500C two extension tubes are available One is 21 mm long M21 and one 55 mm M55 They have bayonet front and rear fittings to suit the 500C body and lenses A shaft passes through the extension tube to connect the ca...

Страница 46: ...vailable to fit between the camera and the micro adaptor left This has no lens and merely pro vides a means of controlling the exposure Alternatively the rear auxiliary shutter of the camera can be used A lens mount adaptor is also available for certain special lenses on the camera right Extension Bellows The extension bellows for the Hasselblad acts in the same way as the tubes but provides a val...

Страница 47: ... full turn Tension the camera by the film transport knob On the Hasselblad F models the transport knob in any case tensions the shutter Focus with the lower knob on the left hand side set the range and scale with the upper knob Either movement can be locked by the corresponding knobs on the right hand side of the bellows unit The front bellows hood can be extended to the required shading effect by...

Страница 48: ...tter This is an XM synchronized Synchro Compur shutter with speeds from 1 to 1 500 see and B It is tensioned and released automatically and is used in conjunction with the microscope adapter Use a cable release to avoid vibration Alternatively open the rear shutter before the exposure by pressing the quick release button The exposure will then be made by the micro shutter alone on pressing the rel...

Страница 49: ...holds the exposure meter when using the rapid winding crank on the 500C It also enables the user of the 500EL to use the exposure meter The Exposure Meter Wrist Strap A wrist strap now discontinued with a bayonet fitting similar to that on the camera body holds the Hasselblad exposure meter This is useful when the rapid winding crank is used on the camera or when the meter is used separately e g f...

Страница 50: ...e the film in the film frame with the emulsion side towards the frame Fold the frame against the backing plate and press down so that the sheath can be pushed into position Make sure that the sheath is pushed in all the way The velvet light trap shuts out all light If the backing plate is removed by sliding it away from the film frame plates can also be used Insert plates in the same way as the fi...

Страница 51: ...upling permits instant attachment of the models 500C or Super Wide C without the need for screwing the tripod into the bush in the camera The coupling remains permanently on the tripod The coupling can be used with older models by fitting an intermediate shoe Right The camera grip with flash bracket consists of a handle as well as a holder for a flash gun plus a cable release It permits a steady h...

Страница 52: ...THE CUT FILM ADAPTOR www mr alvandi com ...

Страница 53: ... films to 2 x 2 in To trim the film push it under the cover guard so it touches the stop pins Then trim the film with the built in scissor blades This also must be done in total darkness FACTS AND FIGURES This section gives the more important data for Hasselblad films exposure close up data etc in handy tabular form for easy reference Conversion of Feet and Inches to Metric Units Many cameras are ...

Страница 54: ...Daylight Exposure Values www mr alvandi com ...

Страница 55: ...Filters for Black and White Film www mr alvandi com ...

Страница 56: ...Filters for Black and White and Colour Film Light Balancing Filters for Reversal Colour Film www mr alvandi com ...

Страница 57: ...Colour Temperatures and Light Sources Light Balancing Filter Data Filter Equivalents www mr alvandi com ...

Страница 58: ...Minimum Focus Range without Accessories Focusing Ranges ith the 80 mm Planar and Proxars Focusing Ranges with Extension Tubes www mr alvandi com ...

Страница 59: ...Close Ranges with 50 60 mm Distagon and Planar 80 mm www mr alvandi com ...

Страница 60: ...Close Ranges with 120mm S PLANAR 150 200 mm SONNAR www mr alvandi com ...

Страница 61: ...Focusing Ranges with the Extension Bellows Shutter Speeds to Arrest Movement www mr alvandi com ...

Страница 62: ...Conversion of Film Speed Systems Colour Films www mr alvandi com ...

Страница 63: ...Black and White Films www mr alvandi com ...

Страница 64: ...www mr alvandi com ...

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