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Troubleshooting

6.4 Peak shapes interpretation and troubleshooting

6.4.1 Refractive index

A refractive index usually shows up as a negative peak before the analyte peak. There 
may be a small positive peak after the analyte peak. A refractive index is the difference in 
density between the carrier and sample matrices (

Figure 55

).

6.4.1.1 Common causes of refractive index

•

Overacidified samples:

 Some standard procedures recommend acidifying samples 

to a pH of less than 2 for preservation. When working with flow injection analysis, this 
can be interpreted as adjusting the pH just below 2 (e.g., 1.95). Most QuikChem 
methods include recommendations for sample preservation.

•

Wrong carrier:

 Check the QuikChem method for the correct carrier for the analysis. 

Make sure that the method used is intended for the matrix of the samples under 
analysis. Verify the QuikChem method number in the methods list. Water methods 
start with number 10, soil-extract methods start with number 12, etc.

Figure 55  Refractive index

Содержание QC8500 Series 2

Страница 1: ...Catalog Number DOC026 53 00808 QuikChem 8500 Series 2 FIA Automated Ion Analyzer USER MANUAL June 2008 Edition 4 HACH Company 2004 2007 2008 All rights reserved Printed in the U S A ...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ... tubing installation 18 3 2 4 Reagent pump initial test 20 3 3 Sampler installation 21 3 3 1 Sampler type 21 3 3 2 Unpack the ASX sampler 21 3 3 3 Sampler setup 22 3 3 4 Mount Z drive 22 3 3 5 Probe installation 22 3 3 6 Fluidic connections 24 3 3 7 Connect the sampler to a PDS200 dilutor 25 3 4 Dilutor installation 25 3 4 1 Cable connections 25 3 4 2 PDS200 connections 26 Section 4 Operation 29 4...

Страница 4: ... maintenance 57 5 9 Valve module 57 5 9 1 Valve module replacement 58 5 9 2 Valve module maintenance 58 5 10 Flow cell maintenance 59 5 11 Detector module replacement 59 5 12 Manifold maintenance 60 5 13 Computer maintenance 60 5 14 Lamp replacement 60 5 15 Fuse replacement 62 5 15 1 PDS fuse replacement 62 5 15 2 Reagent pump RP 150 fuse replacement 62 5 16 Parts description 62 Section 6 Troubles...

Страница 5: ... 3 Dye test to determine valve problems 78 6 13 Other common problems 79 Section 7 Replacement Parts and Accessories 83 7 1 Replacement parts 83 7 2 Accessories 85 Section 8 Contact Information 87 Section 9 Warranty 89 Section 10 Certification 91 Appendix A Channel Installation 93 A 1 New channel installation 93 A 2 Channel removal 95 Appendix B Ion Chromatography 97 B 1 Suppressor valve assembly ...

Страница 6: ...4 Table of Contents ...

Страница 7: ...refer to Figure 1 Note The sampler and dilutor can be placed on top of the optional shelf accessory in order to conserve bench space The bench space required for a QuikChem FIA System with up to five channels dilutor sampler computer and printer is Width 2 72 m 9 ft Depth 0 83 m 2 75 ft Height 0 58 m 2 ft Figure 1 QuikChem FIA overview 1 Autosampler 5 Computer and peripherals 2 Dilutor in rear 6 P...

Страница 8: ...er requirement This equipment is intended for use in a laboratory Use cables and power cords supplied by the manufacturer only Figure 2 shows the single phase voltage and frequencies worldwide and Table 2 describes the electrical specifications for the instrument modules Table 3 describes the environmental specifications for the instrument modules Table 1 Dimensions Module Width cm 1 Depth cm 1 He...

Страница 9: ...eable Reagent pump 100 or 120 VAC 50 60 Hz 15 VA T A 250 V 220 or 240 VAC 50 60 Hz 15 VA T A 250 V System unit 100 115 V 10 50 60 Hz 800 W T 8 A 250 V 230 V 10 50 60 Hz 800 W T 4 A 250 V Table 3 Environmental specifications Temperature 15 35 C 60 95 F Use Laboratory Altitude Up to 10 000 feet 3 km above sea level Relative humidity Up to 92 5 non condensing Pollution degree II Installation category...

Страница 10: ...8 Specifications ...

Страница 11: ...refer to the instruction manual for operation or safety information This symbol indicates that a risk of electrical shock and or electrocution exists This symbol identifies the location of a fuse or current limiting device This symbol when noted on the product indicated that the marked item can be hot and should not be touched without care This symbol when noted on the product indicated the presen...

Страница 12: ... These portions are then loaded into the sample loop and swept into the manifold by the carrier stream to mix with the reagents QuikChem FIA System Unit The System Unit consists of the core unit and the sample processing modules SPM The core unit distributes power light and electronic signals to and from each SPM A sample processing module also known as a channel typically consists of an injection...

Страница 13: ... DANGER Potential Electrocution Hazard If equipment is to be used in wet or potentially wet locations always connect to power via an outlet with a Ground Fault interrupt Circuit GFIC or a residual Current Circuit Breaker To connect the power strip 1 Connect the power strip to a power supply 2 Position the power strip on the bench so that other components can be connected 3 Leave the power strip of...

Страница 14: ...ing connector on the flow cell is the inlet and the top connector is the outlet During the installation of a manifold reaction module it is very important to make the connections accordingly so air bubbles do not get trapped in the flow cell Refer to Figure 6 on page 13 3 Connect the top connector outlet to the waste line Figure 4 System unit connection 1 On Off switch 4 Pump connectors 2 Power fo...

Страница 15: ...rimmed Note Refer to the QuikChem method to find the pump tube color to be used as a sample line Most manifolds will use a green green pump tube but there are some exceptions 2 Attach the sample line pump tube on a pump tube cartridge Figure 8 Do not clamp down the cartridge on the pump Refer to Section 4 on page 29 for further details 3 Connect the 30 cm Teflon tubing to port 6 of the injection v...

Страница 16: ... top connector of the flow cell 2 When running two or more channels simultaneously interconnect adjacent valves by installing 15 cm of 0 8 mm Teflon tubing between ports 5 and 6 Figure 10 on page 15 The waste channel farthest from the System Unit will drain directly into the waste container Refer to Section 4 on page 29 for details Figure 9 Waste line 1 13 cm Teflon 0 8 mm ID 5 To waste container ...

Страница 17: ...wing steps to install the manifold for flow injection analysis To install the manifold 1 On the valve connect port 1 to port 4 with the sample loop 2 Connect the manifold outlet to the flow cell inlet Figure 11 on page 16 item 6 3 Install the interference filter Figure 11 on page 16 item 5 4 Connect the carrier line to port 2 on the valve Figure 11 on page 16 item 8 5 Connect the tubing from port ...

Страница 18: ...tions 3 2 Pump installation and power up 3 2 1 Pump installation To install the pump 1 Set the pump on the bench Figure 3 on page 10 and Figure 1 on page 5 2 Connect the power cord to the power strip Leave the power strip switch off 3 Connect the power cord to the mains supply socket on the back of the pump Figure 12 on page 17 Figure 11 Flow injection analysis 1 Sample line 6 From manifold outlet...

Страница 19: ...back of the pump Figure 13 5 Connect the other side of the analog cable to the left panel of the QuikChem System Unit Refer to section 3 1 3 on page 11 Figure 12 Power cord connection 1 Power cord 2 Main supply socket Figure 13 Analog cable connection ...

Страница 20: ...e 14 In an RP 150 Model pump the top panel will show the set speed of 35 3 2 3 Pump tubing installation To install the pump tubing 1 Remove all of the pump cartridges Press the cartridge holder against the pump then lift the cartridges out Figure 15 Figure 14 Power switch location 1 Power switch Figure 15 Pump cartridge removal 1 Cartridge 2 Cartridge holder ...

Страница 21: ...r then clamp down the other side Figure 17 The tension levers are always on the left side of the pump An arrow indented on top of the cartridges shows the flow direction Make sure the pump is moving when the cartridge is clamped down Figure 16 Placement of pump tubing on the cartridges 1 Tension lever 5 To injection valve or 2 Pump tube cartridge 6 Pump tube 3 Adapter 7 From probe or reagent 4 Pum...

Страница 22: ...y will show a speed of 4 3 Hold down the MAX button until the MAX LED is illuminated The display will show a speed of 999 The pump will go back to the original speed when the MAX button is released 4 To stop the pump press the MANUAL RUN STOP button No LEDs will be illuminated but the display will show 35 the pump speed 5 Press the MANUAL RUN STOP button again The MANUAL LED will be illuminated Th...

Страница 23: ...in the original packaging material to protect against damage during transportation ASX samplers are shipped with Sample tray s assembled and installed Probe tube in styrofoam container Tubing kit with waste line sample line and probe To unpack the sampler 1 Remove the sampler from the shipping carton and protective plastic and place on the laboratory bench 2 Remove the probe arm from the styrofoam...

Страница 24: ...e piece of tubing installed for shipping Lift the probe tube slider until it stops Note The tan knob will come off without the tubing or probe to hold it in place 2 The guide slider will move to the upper position with the probe tube slider Use the wheel in the back of the sampler to lower both sliders until the guide slider is about 1 mm from the top Make sure that the two sliders are in contact ...

Страница 25: ...assembly 1 Sample transfer tubing 7 Slider block guide rail 2 Sipper assembly tube 8 Home position flag 3 Z drive assembly 9 Sample probe guide plate 4 Thumbscrews with bushings 10 Z axis slider 5 X axis block 11 O ring 6 Y axis lead screw ...

Страница 26: ...te Do not lock down the right side of the pump cartridge until ready to perform the test 3 Drop the other end of the wash line into the rinse solution 4 Connect one end of the Tygon drain tubing to the drain fitting top Drop the other end into a waste container 3 3 6 2 Sample line installation no dilutor To install the sample line 1 Connect the end of the sample line with the union fitting to the ...

Страница 27: ...r greater For older ASX 500 samplers contact Technical Support Installation of Omnion 3 0 218 or higher 3 4 1 Cable connections To install the dilutor 1 Make sure that the dilutor power switch is off Figure 22 2 Turn off and disconnect the power strip 3 Connect the Desktop Power Supply with power cable Catalog No 5011200 to the dilutor Figure 22 Plug the other end into the power strip 4 Connect th...

Страница 28: ...be Assembly to port C of the solenoid valve Figure 23 item 5 5 Make sure the ferrule on the line from the straight tube of the Dual Probe Assembly is flush with the end of the tubing Figure 23 item 2 6 Insert the connector from the straight tube of the Dual Probe Assembly into port D of the dilutor Figure 24 on page 27 and tighten 7 Make sure the ferrule on the dilutor end of the Diluent Line Filt...

Страница 29: ... sample probe 7 Dilutor power connection 2 To diluent 8 Dilutor power supply 3 Dual probe assembly 9 Sampler power supply 4 Dilutor sampler serial cable 10 To pump analyzer 5 Sampler computer connection 11 DI water line 6 Sampler power connection 12 Diluent line filter assembly ...

Страница 30: ...28 Installation ...

Страница 31: ...ny grooves through which liquid passes The direction in which the liquid flows through the valve depends on the alignment of the grooves with the holes on the stator Table 5 describes the port connections for the six point injection valve Figure 25 Stator and rotor 1 Stator 2 Rotor Table 5 Port connections Port connection Description Sample line The sample is pumped from the sampler or the sample ...

Страница 32: ...3 and flows on the manifold The sample stream goes into port 6 and out of port 5 to waste Refer to Figure 26 During the inject state the sample loop is filled with carrier When the valve switches to the load state some carrier will be trapped in the sample loop The carrier that was trapped in the sample loop at the inject state will be swept out to waste by the sample stream The sample stream will...

Страница 33: ...owing through the sample loop is trapped momentarily This sample whose volume can be calculated from the length and inner diameter of the tubing used is swept on the manifold by carrier for reaction and analysis Refer to Figure 27 Figure 27 Load state 1 Sample loop 4 Waste line next valve 2 Carrier line 5 Sample line tubing from adjacent valve 3 To manifold ...

Страница 34: ...ct reagent flow rather than the manifold layout Both diagrams represent the same manifold The second diagram depicts the manufacturer s nomenclature Figure 28 Sample manifold diagrams 1 Pump flow 9 Carrier 2 To wash bath fill 10 Gray 3 To waste 11 From wash 4 Color reagent 12 From water 5 To flow cell 13 Probe rinse 6 To port 6 of next valve 14 Flow cell 7 Sample Loop Microloop Filter 480 nm 15 Or...

Страница 35: ...support is specified below the manifold diagram section in each QuikChem method 4 2 1 2 Coil support Refer to Table 6 on page 34 for lengths of tubing needed for wrapping coil supports To wrap the support 1 Insert the tubing in one of the coil support holes Leave approximately 12 cm of loose tubing for connecting the coil to any fitting 2 Start wrapping the tubing on the coil support being careful...

Страница 36: ...ps This is the tubing connected between ports 1 and 4 The length of this tubing is specified on the manifold diagram Read the notes for the QuikChem FIA System in the method The lines coming out of the hexagon represent the Teflon tubing connected to the valve ports Table 6 Coil support tubing lengths Coil support inches Tubing cm 1 70 2 135 2 5 168 4 255 8 550 Alternating1 255 1 The alternating c...

Страница 37: ...resented by a straight line crossing the rectangle Figure 33 The specified color is the color of the tabs of the pump tubes to use for that line All pump tubes have different color tabs on each side to indicate that the tubing has a certain inner diameter The direction of pump tube installation is not critical Figure 34 Figure 32 Pump and pump flow symbols 1 To wash bath fill 5 Carrier 2 To waste ...

Страница 38: ...igure 35 Tee connectors combine two reagents The tee has three ports two side ports inlets where the two reagent lines are connected and a top port outlet which may be connected to a mixing coil or whatever is indicated in the manifold diagram 4 2 1 7 Heating coil symbol Figure 36 represents a heating coil installed on the System Unit Set the heater at the temperature specified in the diagram 60 C...

Страница 39: ...the connector and the two O rings making sure that the threaded end of the connector is towards the tubing end Screw the tube connector in the union fitting Finger tighten the screw connector Note The tubing may become slippery due the natural oil on fingers Use a small piece of paper to hold the tubing to avoid this problem After some use the O rings will become more flexible and allow more rapid...

Страница 40: ...red tubing then a valve connector Make sure the threads of the connector face the metal washer 2 Screw the connector into the valve and finger tighten 4 3 3 Flow cell connections Flow cell connections are a combination of the connections described in section 4 3 2 To make flow cell connections 1 Slide three O rings over a flow cell flare 2 Insert this flare into a flow cell connector so the thread...

Страница 41: ... tube connections A pump tube adapter connects the Teflon tubing to Tygon tubing Figure 41 on page 40 This is typically used for the connection of pump tubes to the manifold tubing It is also used to connect the flow cell outlet to a waste line To connect the pump tube 1 Obtain a pump tube adapter If this connection will be used for the sample line remove the metal nipple from the pump tube adapte...

Страница 42: ...7 Pump tube colors Collar Pump tube color White Orange White White Black White Orange White White Black Red Black Gray Black Yellow Black Yellow Blue Black Blue Black Green Black Purple Figure 41 Pump tube connections 1 Teflon tubing 0 5 mm ID 5 Metal nipple 2 Tubing connector nut 6 Collar 3 O rings 2x 7 Pump tube 4 Pump tube adapter C B A 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 ...

Страница 43: ...ir Later when accessing Omnion on the computer the probe will go down into the wash reservoir The computer monitor will show that Windows is loading 3 Look through the side panel on the System Unit to see if the lamp is on It may take up to one minute for the lamp to turn on The delay lengthens the life span of the lamp 4 The heater controllers will show the current temperature of the blocks 5 Lea...

Страница 44: ...nion software under the Analyte tab Refer to the QuikChem method for temperature settings Refer to the Omnion 3 0 Software User Manual for heater configuration information 8 If the system has a dilutor place the diluent line E in the diluent i e deionized water Place empty test tubes in the empty tubes rack 9 Pour the calibration standards into standard vials Pour some samples into test tubes 10 R...

Страница 45: ...Thread both ends through the hole in the manifold Make both connections according to the manifold diagram in the QuikChem method Refer to section 5 5 on page 55 for more information Note Heater mandrels are available in four prewrapped lengths 175 cm 650 cm 825 cm and 1200 cm Each prewrapped mandrel is labeled with the length of tubing it carries Figure 43 Flow injection analysis 1 Sample loop 7 D...

Страница 46: ...lon tubing between ports 1 and 4 PORT 2 Connect the carrier line to port 2 Connect the carrier line to port 2 at the valve Use 30 cm of 0 8 mm ID Teflon tubing PORT 3 Connect 20 cm of 0 8 mm ID Teflon tubing between port 3 and the fitting on the manifold labeled From Valve unless specified differently in the method PORT 5 Connect 15 cm of 0 8 mm ID Teflon tubing between port 5 and the waste line W...

Страница 47: ...hen measuring tubing 2 mm for every 50 cm of tubing Allowed error mm Tubing length 50 X 2 4 8 Inert probe The probe supplied with the system is made of stainless steel This probe is used to run with most of the methods However some methods require an inert probe made out of Teflon or other inert materials Refer to the system notes in the QuikChem method for this information Figure 46 Tubing length...

Страница 48: ...pt depressed in order to maintain maximum speed Note If this button is depressed too long the pump will stop to prevent the motor burning out NORMAL RUN Normal run starts the pump and permits remote control of the pump standby speed as determined by the Omnion software at the end of a run or batch The pump runs at the displayed speed Normal speed is 35 Use the UP and DOWN arrows to alter this sett...

Страница 49: ...et in the Omnion 3 0 software Refer to the Omnion 3 0 User Guide for more information The temperature can be viewed real time with the controller on the heater assembly Note Always set the run and post run temperature in the Omnion software 4 11 Dilutor setup For systems that use the PDS200 dilutor make sure to place the diluent line in the diluent usually deionized water Remember that all trigger...

Страница 50: ...abel Note The dye will not be detected with the 880 nm filter Table 9 shows the quantity of Universal Dye solution and deionized water for four standards To mix the dye standards 1 Locate the sampler cups for the standards 2 Pour the standard solutions into the vials The Dye test requires four standard vials 3 Position the vials on the standards rack Make sure the high standard is in the first pos...

Страница 51: ...49 Operation 4 13 Calibration run Once the installation of the manifold is complete refer to the Omnion 3 0 Software User Manual for the calibration run details Figure 47 System operation ...

Страница 52: ...50 Operation ...

Страница 53: ...ference Table 10 Basic spare parts Part name Recommendations Pump tubes Check the manifolds and make a list of the pump tube colors Green green pump tubes are the only spare tubes included with a new instrument Teflon tubing A new instrument includes spare Teflon tubing Restock Teflon tubing when supply is low Manifold tubing 0 8 mm ID Low flow manifold tubing 0 5 mm ID Back pressure loop 0 5 mm I...

Страница 54: ...ock In this case leave all reagent lines in deionized water 6 Turn off the pump and release the pump tube cartridges section 3 2 on page 16 7 Switch off the master power strip after closing all files in the computer properly Note If a lower set point temperature is not specified in the software the heater controller will remain at the original set temperature If the method requires a temperature h...

Страница 55: ...2 on page 54 2 Connect the 6 pin heater controller cable 3 Connect the 3 pin leak detector cable 4 Connect the 2 pin heater element cable 5 Connect the protective earth PE ground wire terminal Refer to Figure 48 on page 54 item 4 a Locate the screw in the center of the channel base and directly under the drip tub Heater Controller b Use the screw to secure the PE ground wire terminal to the channe...

Страница 56: ...embly from the channel 3 Disconnect the heater controller cable heater element cable PE ground cable and the leak detector cable 4 Remove the heater assembly Figure 48 Heater assembly connection 1 Heater controller 5 Leak detector cable with 3 pin connector 2 Leak detector 6 Heater element cable with 2 pin connector 3 Thermocouple plug and jack 7 Heater controller cable with 6 pin connector 4 PE g...

Страница 57: ...nd 1200 cm Note Mandrels are available in four prewrapped lengths 175 cm 650 cm 825 cm and 1200 cm Each prewrapped mandrel is labeled with the length of tubing that the mandrel carries Refer to Section 7 on page 83 To change or replace a length of tubing wrapped around the heater mandrel 1 After the mandrel has cooled disconnect both ends of the tubing from the manifold 2 Disconnect the thermocoup...

Страница 58: ... from the connectors replace the Teflon tubing If the barrel leaks contact the manufacturer for assistance Note Always degas the diluent with helium 3 Keep all surfaces clean Use a damp cloth to clean the module surfaces Dry all surfaces thoroughly If an acid spill occurs neutralize the acid with baking soda and then proceed to clean all the surfaces 5 7 Sampler maintenance The sampler has been de...

Страница 59: ...nd hold it on the moving rollers The silicone will act as a rust inhibitor Check for wear cracks or acid damage on the cartridges and holders Replace as necessary to make sure proper flow during analysis Replace pump tubing as soon as it start to show signs of wear such as flattened sections approximately once per month depending on the run frequency If a pump tube bursts immediately clean all car...

Страница 60: ... into place in the channel 5 9 2 Valve module maintenance Valve modules may be damaged by over tightening of valve fittings or by liquid spills To avoid valve damage Keep the instrument clean and dry at all times Keep all surfaces clean Use a damp cloth to clean the module surfaces Dry all surfaces thoroughly If an acid spill occurs neutralize the acid with baking soda and then proceed to clean al...

Страница 61: ...ote Leaks can appear to come from the flow cell edges Make sure that there are tightened proper seals at both ports New flow cells may need to be cleaned if air bubbles seem to stick inside the cell Once the manifold is installed 1 Place all the reagent lines in a 0 25 M sodium hydroxide solution 2 Run the caustic solution for about 5 minutes 3 Place all the reagent lines in DI water to flush out ...

Страница 62: ... and before removing or replacing the lamp Make all wiring connections and replace and secure all chassis parts before reconnecting AC input CAUTION Potential Burn Hazard The lamp is hot when the System Unit is turned on Turn the System Unit off and allow 30 minutes for the lamp to fully cool before removing After installing a new lamp make sure all wiring is dressed away from hot surfaces Note Ha...

Страница 63: ...er and slide it out of the way 4 Locate the lever attached to the lamp socket Gently pull the lever toward the back of the socket to push the lamp off the socket floor 5 When the lamp is approximately half way out remove the used lamp from the socket and discard 6 Push the lever back to the fully upright position 7 Slide the two prongs at the end of the replacement lamp into the socket Reinstall t...

Страница 64: ...mall screwdriver size 0 pull out the fuse holder by opening it at the upper and lower clip 2 The fuse holder contains two surge proof fuses Change both fuses according to the specifications in Table 12 Make sure the new fuses are also surge proof 5 16 Parts description The QuikChem FIA System includes an accessories kit The accessories kit contains spare manifold parts and manifold tubing to get s...

Страница 65: ...n 6 Troubleshooting Read the entire Troubleshooting section before troubleshooting a specific problem Figure 53 gives a flowchart of the general troubleshooting process Figure 53 General troubleshooting process ...

Страница 66: ...equired for the analysis 1 Decrease the Sample Period 2 Test the new Run Timing setting with dye If either the Sample Period plus Minimum Probe in Wash Period or the Load plus Injection Period is longer than the Method Cycle Period the computer will return an error message indicating the problem 6 3 Air spike troubleshooting 6 3 1 Random air spikes Random air spikes are more common in methods wher...

Страница 67: ...e line due to the exhaustion of the reagent Make sure the reagent transmission lines are at the bottom of the containers 6 3 2 Patterned air spikes If the air spikes seem to be present in every peak at the same location air is probably being injected along with the sample slug Check the valve timing of the method by running the dye Refer to section 6 1 on page 64 Figure 54 Random air spikes ...

Страница 68: ... standard procedures recommend acidifying samples to a pH of less than 2 for preservation When working with flow injection analysis this can be interpreted as adjusting the pH just below 2 e g 1 95 Most QuikChem methods include recommendations for sample preservation Wrong carrier Check the QuikChem method for the correct carrier for the analysis Make sure that the method used is intended for the ...

Страница 69: ...r preparation contaminated chemicals contaminated container old chemicals etc Check the recipe in the QuikChem method Frequently the buffer pH has to be adjusted according to the method Changes in the buffer preparation may also result into low responses Sample pH Improper sample preparation and or preservation Determine if the problem occurs with standards or samples to find the cause of the prob...

Страница 70: ...r as the sample If the problem is still present the injection valve is probably at fault Make sure that the sample loop is not the cause of the problem Check for flow restrictions in the manifold Verify if the waste line in not submerged in the waste and is flowing freely Call the manufacturer to get a loaner injection valve to troubleshoot this problem 6 4 4 Carryover Carryover can be recognized ...

Страница 71: ...result of either reagent limitation or electronic limitation The electronic limitation is between 10 and 11 V If the plateau of the peak is lower than 10 V the problem is due to reagent limitation Figure 58 6 4 5 1 Common causes of flat topped peaks Incorrect standards The concentration of the standards may be much higher than what is specified in the method This may produce reagent or electronic ...

Страница 72: ...ay not appear if the sample loop is too small Reagents When a peak appears with injected dye there may be a problem with the chemistry Lack of color formation may be caused by reagents and or standards that were not made properly Manifold Make sure the correct pump tubes are in use Compare the manifold to the manifold diagram in the method The use of wrong pump tubes for the method or erroneous co...

Страница 73: ...or any of the fittings Figure 60 6 4 7 1 Common causes of noisy baseline Hardware or flow related noise Pump tubes Old pump tubes are a common cause of noise in the baseline Change all pump tubes once a month or when they are flattened Blockages Clogs and partial clogs may be present in the manifold or waste line Refer to section 6 5 on page 73 Injection valve A malfunctioning valve could be respo...

Страница 74: ... chemistries have a slight noisy baseline due to the color of the reagents Examples are alkalinity hardness chloride etc This noise is normal 6 4 8 Drifting baseline Figure 61 shows a drifting baseline 6 4 8 1 Common causes of drifting baseline Old chemical or reagent An old reagent may cause a drifting baseline The reagent may have been made hours before the analysis but the chemicals used to mak...

Страница 75: ...ination In fact the carrier of this chemistry has been spiked with fluoride to increase sensitivity 6 5 Flow blockages An easy way to find out if there are any flow obstructions is by lifting each of the transmission lines the Tygon tubing that is submerged in every reagent container one at a time so that some air is aspirated Figure 63 on page 74 Note Make sure the pump speed is at 35 If air in t...

Страница 76: ...pump tube and the valve If the flow problem is still present when the carrier line is disconnected find the clog or crimp located before the disconnected point If the flow moves forward it is evident there are no total clogs up to that point Put the carrier connection back in place The flow problem will be back Continue this process to find the clog or see if there are any more blockages down stre...

Страница 77: ... the flow cell flares and O rings Flow cell leaks are typically caused by old flares and old O rings Refer to section 4 3 3 on page 38 to learn more about the flow cell 6 9 Sampler troubleshooting There are some common problems that can be encountered with any sampler model 6 9 1 Sampler errors 6 9 1 1 Error initializing autosampler Initialization error can occur when trying to initialize the auto...

Страница 78: ...gher dilute the stock Universal Dye 1 2 with deionized water Otherwise the calibration will not be linear Make sure the wavelength of the filter used is less than 660 nm An 880 nm filter will not produce peaks 6 11 Pump test If the pump is not running at the proper speed determine if a calibration is needed 1 Use an accurate watch or chronometer to measure the time the pump takes to make ten revol...

Страница 79: ...l Dye is available from the manufacturer Catalog No 50959 6 12 2 Dye test for determine flow problems This test will help find blockages in the reagent lines or air leaking into the manifold Place all reagent lines including carrier and sample probe in the Universal Dye Observe how the dye flows through the tubing If a clog is present follow the recommendations of section 6 5 1 on page 74 Are any ...

Страница 80: ...sample loop when the valve is in the load state and then being injected on the manifold when the valve is in the inject state Fill the sample loop with dye when the valve switches from the load to the inject state If the sample loop is not filled completely adjust the Valve Timing The calibration will pass if the standards were made properly If poor precision is obtained test the valve refer to se...

Страница 81: ... precipitate If the precipitate is not removable rewrap the entire manifold and heater This chemistry requires running buffer solution before any of the other reagents Avoid any precipitate Place all the reagent lines in deionized water before running any reagents Turn the pump on at speed of 35 Run the water for one minute Place the buffer line in the buffer container Run the buffer for a couple ...

Страница 82: ...bly Software related The heater element does not heat Make sure the heater temperature has been set for that channel in Run Properties Analytes Chemistry Flow Hardware Software related Calibration fails There are many causes for a calibration to fail Repeating the run repeatedly will not fix the problem Look for the causes of the problem Are the check standards made properly Are there flow problem...

Страница 83: ...60 C The manufacturer recommends using a reagent grade 4 6 hypochloride solution Chemistry related The QuikChem method shows support data that cannot be generated on the system Make sure all the QuikChem method steps are followed Any changes in the reagent recipes or manifold may cause problems Some of the reagent recipes are not identical to reference methods Do not substitute chemicals Make sure...

Страница 84: ...82 Troubleshooting ...

Страница 85: ...lare 13 cm 50065 Flow Cell Flare 35 cm 50067 Flow Fit Connector 31077 Instrument Manual QC8500 Series 2 DOC026 53 00808 Interference Filters XXX indicates wavelength 89XXX Lamp 12 VDC 50 W 31069 Nipple large 50015 Nipple small 50015A Nipple reducing 50014L Nipple stainless steel 50019 O ring Viton 50013 O ring probe 50060 O ring Remover 50012 Power Cord 125 VAC 10A 31906 Power Cord 250 VAC 10A 311...

Страница 86: ...D 50981 Coil 1 in wrapped Teflon 0 032 in ID 50916 Coil Support 2 in 50018L Coil 2 in wrapped Teflon 0 022 in ID 50982 Coil 2 in wrapped Teflon 0 032 in ID 50918 Coil Support 2 5 in 50017 Coil 2 5 in wrapped Teflon 0 022 in ID 50983 Coil 2 5 in wrapped Teflon 0 032 in ID 50917 Coil Support 4 in 50020 Coil 4 in wrapped Teflon 0 022 in ID 50984 Coil 4 in wrapped Teflon 0 032 in ID 50920 Coil support...

Страница 87: ...cap 21208L Table 15 Pump tubing size and color Inner diameter inches Color code XX1 0 020 Orange yellow 05 0 025 Orange white 06 0 030 Black black 07 0 035 Orange orange 08 0 040 White white 09 0 045 Red red 10 0 051 Gray gray 11 0 056 Yellow yellow 12 0 065 Blue blue 13 0 073 Green green 14 0 081 Purple purple 15 0 090 Purple black 16 0 100 Purple orange 17 0 110 Purple white 18 0 060 Yellow blue...

Страница 88: ...86 Replacement Parts and Accessories ...

Страница 89: ...ork of dealers and distributors To locate the representative nearest you send an e mail to intl hach com or contact Hach Company World Headquarters Loveland Colorado U S A Telephone 970 669 3050 Fax 970 461 3915 Technical and Customer Service U S A only Lachat Instruments Hach Technical and Customer Service Department personnel are eager to answer questions about our products and their use Special...

Страница 90: ...88 ...

Страница 91: ...Hach Company Any product not used in accordance with the instructions furnished by Lachat Instruments Hach Company Computer Printer or any other product which is covered by a warranty of the Original Manufacturer Freight charges to return merchandise to Lachat Instruments Hach Company Freight charges on expedited or express shipment of warranted parts or product Travel fees associated with on site...

Страница 92: ...90 Warranty ...

Страница 93: ...his equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the...

Страница 94: ...92 Certification ...

Страница 95: ...Hazard Turn off the System Unit and disconnect from power before connecting or disconnecting channels A 1 New channel installation To install a new channel 1 Turn off and unplug the System Unit 2 Use a gentle twisting motion with a screw driver to loosen the panel cover 3 Remove the end cover panel on the left valve end of the last channel Figure 65 Note End cover panels snap on and off 4 Remove t...

Страница 96: ...m 3 9 Connect the controller cable to the adjacent channel 10 Connect the detector cable to the System Unit connector that corresponds to the new channel For example when adding a third channel connect the detector cable to the third connector on the System Unit Figure 66 Additional channel connection 1 Channel 2 5 Detector Hirose Cable connects to the system unit The connector slots on the system...

Страница 97: ...l on the left valve end of the last channel 3 Remove the cover panels on the right detector end of all channels and of the System Unit All connections are made on this end of the system 4 Loosen the screws on the System Unit cover and remove the cover 5 Disconnect the fiber optic cable from the terminal 6 Disconnect the detector cable from the System Unit panel 7 Disconnect the AC power cable and ...

Страница 98: ...96 Channel Installation 8 Loosen the bottom screw on each end of the channel 9 Lift the channel and set aside 10 Snap the cover panels into place Replace the System Unit cover and tighten the screws ...

Страница 99: ...ity module connects to the System Unit through the detector cable Figure 68 Note Some IC applications require different hardware Refer to the QuikChem method for specific requirements Follow the instructions in Appendix A on page 93 to add or remove an IC channel The 10 port valve and conductivity module are installed in the channel when it is received from the manufacturer Figure 68 IC channel 1 ...

Страница 100: ... to the valve Set the assembly into the channel B 2 Conductivity module replacement To replace the conductivity module 1 Turn off the System Unit and disconnect from AC power 2 Disconnect the inlet and outlet tubing from the conductivity module 3 Lift the conductivity module and disconnect the detector cable and power cable 4 Set the temperature switch according to the QuikChem method The temperat...

Страница 101: ...ial of the columns would be trapped in the guard column before getting to the analytical column Figure 70 shows an example of a manifold diagram Refer to the QuikChem method for specific installation requirements Figure 70 QuikChem manifold diagram for IC example 1 Reagent pump 9 Pump flow 2 Pump flow 10 Sample orange 3 To probe wash green G Guard column 4 Regenerant red A Guard column 5 DI water ...

Страница 102: ...100 Ion Chromatography ...

Страница 103: ...lared tubing connections 38 flat topped peaks 69 flow blockages 73 flow cell connections 38 flow cell installation 12 flow cell leaks 75 flow fit connections 37 fluoride detectors 42 fuse specifications 62 fuse replacement 62 H hardware installation 5 heater 47 55 heater mandrel 55 heater tube rewrap 55 heating coil symbol 36 I inject state 30 injection valve connections 44 injection valve operati...

Страница 104: ...nitialize 79 Sampler installation 21 Sampler Maintenance 56 Sampler Troubleshooting 75 shutdown procedure 52 start up test 41 switching valve 38 system unit installation 11 system unit interface panel 12 T tee connector symbol 36 Teflon tubing 51 temperature controller not heating 80 TKN white precipitate 79 transmission lines connections 41 W waste line installation 14 waste line description 29 Z...

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