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EM31-SH 

MANUAL   

Page 

17 

 

 

  When taking horizontal measurements only or both 

horizontal and vertical dipole measurements together the 
measurements should be taken at ground level. 

  To take the horizontal dipole measurements rotate the 

EM31 90° about the long axis so that the console is 
facing horizontally and the battery pack is on the up 
side. 

 
c)

 

When collecting discreet data points the operator can 
extend battery life by turning the instrument off between 
stations. In this case, the operator will notice a slight 
initial overshoot of the display at turn on. This is 
normal, and at least two seconds should be allowed after 
initial turn on before the measurement is recorded. 

  Alternatively, the operator may choose to leave the 

instrument on and watch for anomalous reading between 
data points.  The instrument, however, has a time 
constant of about one second for which the operator 
should adjust his walking speed to obtain greatest 
accuracy. 

  Again, the effect of the instrument time constant should 

be recognized while logging.  Fiducial marks can be 
placed within the data as fixed points of reference. 

  The orange button on the transmitter boom is used only in 

conjunction with the data recording system. 

  It is also possible to collect data with the use of 

computer, by connecting the computer directly to the RS-
232 output port on the EM31-SH front panel (with optional 
RS-232 interconnect cable). See DAT31-MK2 computer 
program manual, section 7, Real Time Logging. 

 

 

 

Содержание EM31-SH

Страница 1: ...Unit 8 Mississauga Ontario Canada L5T 1C6 URL http www geonics com EM31 SH OPERATING MANUAL GEONICS LIMITED LEADERS IN ELCTROMAGNETICS 8 1745 Meyerside Drive Mississauga Ontario Canada L5T 1C6 Tel 90...

Страница 2: ...om NOTE TO EM31 AND EM34 USERS Through the normal course of operation it is possible that the battery contacts will become contaminated with dirt and grit To clean these contacts use fine sand paper 4...

Страница 3: ...nd Conductivity Measurements 10 2 1 1 Initial Set up Procedure 10 2 1 2 Equipment Functional Checks 14 2 1 3 Operating Procedure 16 2 2 Buried Metal Detection 18 2 2 1 Set up and Operating Procedure 1...

Страница 4: ...UREMENT ACCURACY NOISE LEVELS OUTPUT PORT FOR REAL TIME LOGGING DIMENSIONS WEIGHT Self contained dipole transmitter Self contained dipole receiver 2 0 meters 9 8 kHz 8 disposable alkaline C cells appr...

Страница 5: ...id and accurate measurement of terrain resisitivity Since the EM31 does not require electrical contact with the ground it fulfils this objective The basic principle of operation of EM31 is simple With...

Страница 6: ...ach layer of different conductivity the instrument will read an intermediate value as discussed in more detail in Section 5 2 The unit of conductivity used is the millimho per meter the same as millis...

Страница 7: ...ayered raising the instrument from the surface of the earth to the normal operating position can result in a reading which stays constant or even increases slightly with height In general readings mad...

Страница 8: ...EM31 SH MANUAL Page 4 Table 1A Resistivities of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks...

Страница 9: ...EM31 SH MANUAL Page 5 Table 1B Resistivities of Consolidated Sediments...

Страница 10: ...EM31 SH MANUAL Page 6 Table 1B cont d Resistivities of Consolidated Sediments...

Страница 11: ...EM31 SH MANUAL Page 7 Table 1B cont d Resistivities of Consolidated Sediments...

Страница 12: ...EM31 SH MANUAL Page 8 Table 1C Resistivities of Unconsolidated Formations...

Страница 13: ...EM31 SH MANUAL Page 9 EM31 SH FRONT PANEL FEATURES...

Страница 14: ...e switch to the OPER position and rotate the Range switch counter clockwise to the BATT position Turn data logger on and run polycorder program EM31 MK2 as per EM31 MK2 data logger manual If the displ...

Страница 15: ...er s operating system completely protects you from losing data because the battery has run down Here s how it works as the Polycorder operates drawing from the main supply it monitors the batteries so...

Страница 16: ...when they are only slightly discharged you will get less and less use out of each recharging Obviously you will need to balance this with the risk of being forced to suspend data collection because t...

Страница 17: ...the old one Plug in the two pin connector Place the bracket around the battery pack and align the six holes with the holes in the case Drop the six outer screws in place and tighten them down Reload p...

Страница 18: ...ductivity Q reading and rotate the COARSE control one step clockwise If the conductivity reading remained the same tolerance 0 2 the phase is already correct return the COARSE control to its original...

Страница 19: ...lockwise one step The conductivity reading should change between 78 to 82 mS m It is unlikely that the sensitivity of the instrument will vary however it may be useful to record the actual reading for...

Страница 20: ...ly in mS m and full scale reading minus 99 of overage is indicated by the Range switch Normal Operating Position Vertical Dipoles b The instrument can be operated in either of two dipole modes vertica...

Страница 21: ...l turn on before the measurement is recorded Alternatively the operator may choose to leave the instrument on and watch for anomalous reading between data points The instrument however has a time cons...

Страница 22: ...field to the primary magnetic field in parts per thousand ppt The inphase display reads directly in ppt and it has same sensitivity regardless of the range switch positon b Experience has shown that t...

Страница 23: ...TE It is always advisable when surveying for buried metal to record both the inphase and quad phase components While the inphase in general is a better detector of metal the quad phase is more sensiti...

Страница 24: ...be readily set by following the procedure described in Section 2 1 1 3 2 Absolute Calibration Absolute instrument calibration is easily achieved if any area of ground is available of known and constan...

Страница 25: ...EM31 SH MANUAL Page 21 Figure 2 Conductivity Correction Instrument on the ground surface For 2 m unit...

Страница 26: ...stivity anomaly To ensure the correct spacing it is useful at the start of the survey to continuously observe the conductivity values that are encountered as the operator moves alone the survey line T...

Страница 27: ...shown in Figure 3 The negative going peak indicates the location of the pipe It is then possible to accurately determine the location and strike the direction azimuth of the conductor axis as follows...

Страница 28: ...the operator has satisfied himself as to their possible effect In every case this is determined by rotating the instrument and determining whether there is maximum and minimum which appears to be rel...

Страница 29: ...tely reflect the true terrain conductivity In any circumstance where the apparent conductivity varies significantly in a distance which is short compared with the intercoil spacing the possible presen...

Страница 30: ...e to observe the spatial variations of terrain conductivity rather than the absolute value of conductivity itself Figure 2 shows that even at the higher values of terrain conductivity the instrument w...

Страница 31: ...e multiply this function by one hundred to yield percent all of the ground below a depth z of two meters yields 45 of the response the ground below three meters yields 32 the ground below four meters...

Страница 32: ...EM31 SH MANUAL Page 28 Figure 4 Multi Layer Response Diagram...

Страница 33: ...4 1 00x0 14 7 21 mmho m Fig 7 CROSS SECTION GRAVEL DEPOSIT 1 000 R Z1 k2 R Z1 k2 0 0033 Z1 5m a 30 1 00 0 20 24 0 mmho m Z1 3m a 30 1 00 0 32 20 4 mmho m Z1 1m a 30 1 00 0 71 8 77 mmho m Fig 6 CROSS S...

Страница 34: ...apparent conductivity becomes relatively independent of the actual value of the conductivity of the lower layer For k2 1 the apparent conductivity simply becomes a function of the thickness of the upp...

Страница 35: ...n ground difficulties associated with generating sufficient current in the ground The use of inductive electromagnetic techniques avoids both problems since ground probes are not required This allows...

Страница 36: ...physical applications down to depths of the order of six meters The intercoil spacing is fixed at twelve feet 3 66 meters The effective penetration referred to above is an average value in those regio...

Страница 37: ...ta was only recorded with one exception at every 100 feet The exception occurred at station 7 50 where it was noted that a local resistivity high occurred this was of course not observed on the Wenner...

Страница 38: ...t to read off scale 6 5 Example D Lake Scugog EM31 Measurement Interval 50 feet This survey illustrates the extremely high resolution achievable with the EM31 or the EM34 systems since neither techniq...

Страница 39: ...conductive that it was not possible to take readings The second sheet illustrates the application of the two layer curves to interpret the survey results in terms of depth 6 7 Example F Discontinuous...

Страница 40: ...hereas an average value for the conductivity of the infilling glacial till is of the order of 8 to 12 millimhos per meter Thus the EM34 at either intercoil spacing yields approximately 30 to 34 millim...

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