9
all ope
fabrica
figure
A Dire
in the
elemen
scintill
of elec
reduci
the pri
this ba
The m
to use
Direct
camera
electro
Anoth
distort
lenses
The D
noise o
from o
counti
The el
electro
natura
dramat
freque
K2 Summit
erations other
ation choices
e 1-1.
Mont
came
ect Detection
sensor’s supp
nt, dramatical
lators are use
ctrons from th
ng resolution
imary electron
ackscattering.
much smaller P
much smaller
Detection ca
as as the sign
on is large rel
er advantage
tion, fixed pat
.
etective Quan
of the camera
one electron to
ng models an
ectron counti
on with a disc
l variation in
tically lifting
encies.
and K2 Base
r than the fina
which signifi
te Carlo simu
era system
sensor only r
port is not det
lly reducing t
d. In a first ge
he sensor bulk
n. Advanced D
ns to pass thro
PSF for a tran
r pixels, 5
μ
m
ameras have a
nal from the nu
ative to the re
of Direct Det
tterns, and ga
ntum Efficien
a electronics a
o the next. Th
nd modes; the
ing mode of K
crete count. Th
energy depos
the Detective
Direct Detecti
al acquisition
icantly increa
ulations of el
records the sig
tected. Silicon
the PSF relativ
eneration “bu
k back to the t
Direct Detecti
ough the sens
nsmission syst
m in case of K
a superior sign
umber of elec
ead noise of th
tection is the
ain variations
ncy (DQE) of
and by large v
his is also true
ir ultimate pe
K2 Summit re
he benefit of
sited by electr
e Quantum Ef
ion Camera U
of low dose d
ase radiation h
lectron inter
gnal deposite
n itself is a re
ve to tradition
ulk” Direct De
top (active) la
ion sensors, li
sor, with no “
tem such as K
K2, yielding m
nal-to-noise r
ctron hole pai
he sensor elec
absence of a
associated wi
f traditional ca
variations in t
e for direct de
erformance is
eplaces the an
counting is th
rons impingin
fficiency (DQ
User's Guide
data. K2 impl
hardness.
raction with d
ed in its top la
latively low a
nal EM came
etector there
ayer, increasi
ike K2, are ba
“bulk” suppor
K2 allows a D
many more pix
ratio relative t
irs detected fr
ctronics.
number of im
ith scintillato
ameras is held
the amount of
etection came
limited by th
nalogue signa
hat it rejects r
ng on the dete
QE) of the det
lements desig
direct and in
ayer; energy d
atomic numbe
eras where ph
is still backsc
ing the PSF an
ack-thinned a
rt and thus mi
Direct Detecti
xels per unit o
to traditional
rom each prim
mage artifacts
rs and fiber o
d back by the
f energy depo
eras and for n
he noise in the
l from each p
read noise and
ector, thereby
tector across
gn and
direct
deposited
er (Z)
hosphor
cattering
nd
allowing
inimize
on sensor
of area.
EM
mary
such as
optics or
e read
osited
non-
e system
primary
d the
y
all spatial
