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Section 3
TAWS Alerts
Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance
The Forward Looking TERRAIN Avoidance alert, or FLTA, is used by TAWS and is composed of two
elements:
Reduced Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) Avoidance
— Provides alerts when the aircraft flight path is above
terrain, yet is projected to come within minimum clearance values outlined in Table 3-1. When an RTC
alert is issued, a potential impact point (see page 50) is displayed on the TAWS Page.
Imminent Terrain Impact (ITI) Avoidance
— Provides alerts when the aircraft is below the elevation of
a terrain cell in the aircraft’s projected path. ITI alerts are accompanied by a potential impact point
displayed on the TAWS Page. The alert is given when the projected vertical flight path is calculated to
come within minimum clearance altitudes in the following table.
Phase of Flight
Level Flight
Descending
Enroute
700 ft.
500 ft.
Terminal
350 ft.
300 ft.
Approach
150 ft.
100 ft.
Departure
100 ft.
100 ft.
Table 3-1: Minimum TERRAIN Clearance Values for RTC/ITI Alerts
During the final approach phase of flight, RTC/ITI alerts are automatically inhibited when the aircraft is
below 200’ AGL while within 0.5 nm of the approach runway or is below 125’ AGL while within 1 nm of
the runway.
RTC/ITI Severity Levels
WARNING—Estimated potential impact in approximately 30
seconds after pop-up alert and annunciation. RTC/ITI warn-
ing alerts are accompanied by the aural message “
Terrain,
Terrain; Pull Up, Pull Up
” OR “
Terrain Ahead, Pull
Up; Terrain Ahead, Pull Up
”. Similarily, a “
Obstacle,
Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up
” OR “
Obstacle Ahead, Pull
Up; Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up
” alert is also provided.
CAUTION—Estimated potential impact in approximately 60
seconds after pop-up alert and annunciation. RTC/ITI cau-
tion alerts are accompanied by the aural message “
Caution
Terrain; Caution Terrain
” OR “
Terrain Ahead; Terrain
Ahead
”. Similarily, a
“Caution Obstacle; Caution
Obstacle”
or
“Obstacle Ahead; Obstacle Ahead”
alert is
also provided.
Содержание GPSMAP 400 series
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