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Installation

5.1.4

Viewing Angles

The sensor can be placed at any angle from the target up to 30° for one-color mode, or 45° for two-
color mode.

Figure 9: Acceptable Sensor Viewing Angles

Minimum Distance

SF: 600 mm (24 in)

CF: 300 mm (12 in)

Best

90° to target

Acceptable

Viewing Angles

Bad

1-Color Mode: greater than 30° to target

2-Color Mode: greater than 45° to target

Good

1-Color Mode: 30° to target

2-Color Mode: 45° to target

ENDURANCE 1R

Rev. E1 Sep 2015

21

1.800.868.7495

[email protected]

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Содержание Endurance 1RH

Страница 1: ...Endurance 1R 2 Color Infrared Thermometer Operating Instructions Rev E1 Sep 2015 59511 1 800 868 7495 info Raytek Direct ca ...

Страница 2: ...nfo flukeprocessinstruments de Fluke Process Instruments China Beijing China Tel 8610 6438 4691 info flukeprocessinstruments cn Worldwide Service Fluke Process Instruments offers services including repair and calibration For more information contact your local office or e mail support flukeprocessinstruments com www flukeprocessinstruments com Fluke Process Instruments Specifications subject to ch...

Страница 3: ...erein will function properly in every hardware and software environment This software may not work in combination with modified or emulated versions of Windows operating environments memory resident software or on computers with inadequate memory The manufacturer warrants that the program disk is free from defects in material and workmanship assuming normal use for a period of one year Except for ...

Страница 4: ...Distance to Object 19 5 1 2 Sensor Placement 1 Color Mode 19 5 1 3 Sensor Placement 2 Color Mode 20 5 1 4 Viewing Angles 21 5 1 5 Aiming and Focusing 22 5 2 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION 23 5 2 1 M16 12 Pin DIN Connector 23 5 2 2 M12 4 Socket LAN Ethernet Connector 24 5 2 3 Accessory Cables and Terminal Block 25 5 2 4 Power Supply 27 5 2 5 Computer Interfacing via RS485 link 27 5 2 6 Addressing the Endu...

Страница 5: ... 8 4 1 Avoidance of Condensation 43 9 ACCESSORIES 44 9 1 OVERVIEW 44 9 2 FIXED MOUNTING BRACKET 45 9 3 AIR PURGE COLLAR 45 9 4 POLARIZING FILTER END CAP 46 9 5 CABLES 47 9 6 INDUSTRIAL POWER SUPPLY 48 10 PROGRAMMING GUIDE 49 10 1 REMOTE VERSUS MANUAL CONSIDERATIONS 49 10 2 COMMAND STRUCTURE 49 10 3 TRANSFER MODES 50 10 3 1 Poll Mode 50 10 3 2 Burst Mode 50 10 4 COMMAND LIST 51 10 5 COMMAND EXAMPLE...

Страница 6: ...NDIX 59 12 1 DETERMINATION OF SLOPE FOR 2 COLOR OPERATION 59 12 2 PERCENTAGE OF ALLOWED SIGNAL REDUCTION 59 12 3 DETERMINATION OF EMISSIVITY FOR 1 COLOR OPERATION 61 12 4 TYPICAL EMISSIVITY VALUES 61 1 800 868 7495 info Raytek Direct ca ...

Страница 7: ...Instrument Disposal Disposal of old instruments should be handled according to professional and environmental regulations as electronic waste Operating Instructions The following symbols are used to highlight essential safety information in the operation instructions Helpful information regarding the optimal use of the instrument Warnings concerning operation to avoid instrument damage and persona...

Страница 8: ...garding the optimal use of the instrument Earth ground Protective ground Fuse Normally open NO relay Normally closed NC relay Switch or relay contact DC power supply Conforms to European Union directive Disposal of old instruments should be handled according to professional and environmental regulations as electronic waste 8 Rev E1 Sep 2015 ENDURANCE 1R 1 800 868 7495 info Raytek Direct ca ...

Страница 9: ...objects openings screens or viewing windows that reduce energy and by dirt smoke or steam in the atmosphere The 2 color mode can also be used on targets that do not completely fill the measurement spot provided the background is much cooler than the target Each model operates as an integrated temperature measurement subsystem consisting of optical elements spectral filters detector digital electro...

Страница 10: ...or sensor is better than a 1 color sensor in the following conditions Sighting paths are partially blocked either intermittently or permanently Dirt smoke or steam is in the atmosphere between the sensor and target Measurements are made through items or areas that reduce emitted energy such as grills screens small openings or channels Measurements are made through a viewing window that has unpredi...

Страница 11: ...tion and the type of material being measured The emissivity of all real objects changes with wavelength and temperature at varying degrees depending on the material To determine how to use 2 color sensors with your application when uncertain or changing emissivities are a factor please contact our sales representative or technical support department 2 1 4 Slope 2 color ratio measurements The slope...

Страница 12: ...isplay and Outputs 1RL and 1RH 0 1 C 0 2 F Response Time 95 Response 10 ms for signal to reach 95 of final temperature Temperature Coefficient 0 03 full scale change per 1 C change in ambient temperature Emissivity 1 color 0 10 to 1 10 digitally adjustable in increments of 0 01 Slope 2 color 0 850 to 1 150 digitally adjustable in increments of 0 001 Signal Processing Peak hold or Averaging Noise E...

Страница 13: ... cooling 0 to 65 C 32 F to 149 F With air cooling 0 to 120 C 32 F to 250 F With water cooling 0 to 175 C 32 F to 350 F With ThermoJacket 0 to 315 C 32 F to 600 F Storage Temperature Electronics Housing 20 to 70 C 4 F to 158 F Relative Humidity 10 to 95 non condensing at 22 C to 43 C 72 F to 110 F EMC EN 61326 1 2006 Safety EN 60825 1 2008 05 FDA laser safety compliant Mechanical Shock MIL STD 810G...

Страница 14: ...lay Relay Contact behavior is settable via user interface between NO Normally Open NC Normally Close PO Permanently Open PC Permanently Close Figure 1 Spike Voltage Limitation for the Alarm Relay Input External Trigger Hold Digital low high trigger for resetting AVERAGE PEAK HOLD or VALLEY HOLD to restart signal processing Figure 2 External Trigger Hold Wiring Network 4 Wire 10 100 Mbit LAN Ethern...

Страница 15: ...ure 3 a sensor with the air water cooled housing option see Figure 4 and the adjustable bracket see Figure 5 Figure 3 Dimensions of Endurance Head Figure 4 Endurance Head with Air Water Cooled Housing Option Figure 5 Adjustable Bracket ENDURANCE 1R Rev E1 Sep 2015 15 1 800 868 7495 info Raytek Direct ca ...

Страница 16: ...ompletely fills the measurement spot The spot size for any distance when the unit is properly focused at that distance can be determined using the following formula and Figure 6 Divide the distance D in Figure 6 by the D S specification For example if the D S specification is 150 1 and the sensor is 2000 millimeters 80 inches from the target divide 2000 by 150 80 by 150 resulting in a target spot ...

Страница 17: ...d Quickstart guide Accessories which have to be ordered separately Both Endurance communication and supply interface cables a 12 wire a M16 12 socket DIN connector and a 4 wire LAN Ethernet cable selected for the needed temperature range The Endurance series terminal block with specific signal wire assignment PoE Power over Ethernet injector to supply the Endurance device via the LAN Ethernet cabl...

Страница 18: ...th the sensor installation Water and air temperatures for cooling should be 15 30 C 60 86 F for best performance Chilled water or air below 10 C 50 F is not recommended For air purging or air cooling clean filtered or instrument air is recommended 4 2 Atmospheric Quality Smoke fumes dust and other contaminants in the air as well as a dirty lens are generally not a problem when using the 2 color mo...

Страница 19: ... be varied to suit the application The following sections show sensor placement and the various conditions where 2 color temperature measurements can be taken When installing the sensor check for any high intensity discharge lamps or heaters that may be in the field of view either background or reflected on a shiny target Reflected heat sources can cause a sensor to give erroneous readings 5 1 2 S...

Страница 20: ...and obscuration of the target the sensor accuracy also degrades Figure 8 Sensor Placement in 2 Color Mode Emitted energy Emitted energy Sighting hole smaller than the sensor s field of view Emitted energy Target smaller than field of view and or moves or vibrates in and out of field of view e g wire Emitted energy Smoke steam dust gas in atmosphere Dirty lens or dirty sighting window 20 Rev E1 Sep...

Страница 21: ...Figure 9 Acceptable Sensor Viewing Angles Minimum Distance SF 600 mm 24 in CF 300 mm 12 in Best 90 to target Acceptable Viewing Angles Bad 1 Color Mode greater than 30 to target 2 Color Mode greater than 45 to target Good 1 Color Mode 30 to target 2 Color Mode 45 to target ENDURANCE 1R Rev E1 Sep 2015 21 1 800 868 7495 info Raytek Direct ca ...

Страница 22: ...d correctly by moving your eye from side to side while looking through the eyepiece The target should not move with respect to the reticle If it does keep adjusting the focus until no apparent motion is observed 4 Check again to be sure the target is still centered and secure the mounting base Focusing is complete Figure 10 Sensor Eyepiece and Reticle When focusing the sensor do not depend on the ...

Страница 23: ...y 5 2 1 M16 12 Pin DIN Connector If you need to wire a new M16 12 socket DIN connector or rewire a supplied accessory cable connector refer to the following illustration and table for the wiring layout Figure 11 M16 12 Pin at the Endurance 1R left and the corresponding cable socket right Figure 12 M16 DIN Connector signal assignment Pin Color Description A Black A B White B C Grey Not Connected D ...

Страница 24: ... by a PSE Power Sourcing Equipment in a PoE Power over Ethernet mode In such operation mode a PoE injector or a PoE switch is needed Refer to PoE standard IEEE 802 3af mode A 10 100 Mbit mixed DC data Figure 13 M12 Socket at the Endurance 1R left and the corresponding cable plug right Figure 14 Ethernet Cable with M12 Plug and RJ45 Connector Signal Pin RJ45 Pin M12 4 TD 1 1 TD 2 3 RD 3 2 RD 6 4 RJ...

Страница 25: ...puts like RS485 interface trigger input relay contact current input current output and 24V power supply wires to the Endurance 1R sensor The cable is equipped with an IP67 rated M16 12 socket DIN connector at one end and colored wires with cable end sleeves at the counter side See below the colored wire to signal assignments which are identical to the specific terminal block labeling For more cabl...

Страница 26: ...on feature on one side and a RJ45 connector type on the counter side is used Via the 4 conductor cable the Endurance 1R device can also be powered as a PD Powered Device by a PSE Power Sourcing Equipment in a PoE Power over Ethernet mode Refer to PoE standard IEEE 802 3af mode A 10 100 Mbit mixed DC data Figure 16 M12 4 Conductor shielded cable with RJ45 on counter side 5 2 3 3 Endurance 1R specif...

Страница 27: ...n and internal surge protection to protect the host computer and the converter against high voltage spikes as well as ground potential difference When the converter is connected the computer gets one virtual COM port Technical Data Power supply 5 VDC direct from USB port Speed max 256 kBit s RS485 4 wire full duplex and 2 wire half duplex Terminal screwed accepts 0 05 to 3 mm AWG 13 to AWG 30 USB ...

Страница 28: ...ct these to the both signal lines of the selected USB RS485 converter 5 2 6 Addressing the Endurance sensor in a RS485 Multidrop Network If you are installing two or more sensors in a multi drop configuration please be aware of the following Each sensor must have a unique address greater zero 1 32 Each sensor must be set to the same baud rate default is 38 4 kBaud Once all the units are addressed ...

Страница 29: ...nd consists of two display types one alarm and one status LED and several setting controlling buttons as shown in Figure 19 The panel is used primarily for setting up the instrument and is protectively covered over during normal use by the supplied end cap You can configure sensor settings with the control panel or remotely with a computer The sensor has a remote locking feature that keeps the uni...

Страница 30: ... In abnormal operation during warm up phase or in failure case discovered through the failsafe circuit it displays an error code e g ECHH ECUU EUUU EAAA Please see section 11 2 Fail Safe Operation on page 55 6 1 2 The Screen Menu Display The Screen Menu Display is the central user interface display which shows all selected menus their submenus and parameters In dependence of the selected main menu...

Страница 31: ...tton confirms the selection of a submenu or a specific submenu entry After walking through the listed submenu entries by using the Navigate Buttons the selection done by the Enter Button initiates a blinking of the modifiable entry displayed in the 2nd row of the Screen Menu display To store updated entries a final press of the Enter Button is needed With the Enter Button you also walk through mul...

Страница 32: ...T in C e g 3000 0 C SENSOR IDENT e g E1RL F2 D 0 0 SENSOR REVISION e g 1 01 28 SERIAL NUMBER e g 31760001 MAC ADDRESS e g 001d8d200001 6 2 2 The CONFIGURATION MENU The CONFIGURATION MENU displays and accepts modifications of configuration data The order in which the configuration data appears is the following MODE toggles between 1 color and 2 color TEMP UNITS toggles between C and F RELAY MODE to...

Страница 33: ...up data appears is the following RS485 BAUD RATE toggles between 1200 2400 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 bps MULTIDROP ADDR toggles between 000 to 032 TERMIN RESISTOR toggles between OFF and ON ETHERNET DHCP toggles between OFF and ON ETHERNET IP ENTER Button selects IP address byte aaa bbb ccc ddd toggles between 0 and 255 ETHERNET NM ENTER Button selects network mask byte aaa bbb ccc ddd toggles...

Страница 34: ...Operation 6 3 Total Control Panel User Interface Structure Figure 20 User Interface Flow Diagram 34 Rev E1 Sep 2015 ENDURANCE 1R 1 800 868 7495 info Raytek Direct ca ...

Страница 35: ...s at the input hot object the output signal reaches only 90 magnitude of the actual object temperature after the defined average time Once Averaging is set above 0 it automatically activates Note that other hold functions like Peak Hold or Valley Hold cannot be used concurrently 7 2 Peak Hold The output signal follows the object temperature until a maximum is reached The output will hold the maxim...

Страница 36: ...inimum temperature value for the selected duration of the valley hold time Once the hold time is expired the valley hold function will reset and the output will resume tracking the object temperature until a new valley is reached The range for the valley hold time can be set from 0 1 to 300 0 seconds whereas just 0 1 299 9 seconds will be interpreted as valley hold duration A value of 300 0 second...

Страница 37: ... activate the alarm functionality set the Setpoint entry to a value between the lowest and the highest measurable target temperature Once the Setpoint is activated the relay changes state as the current temperature passes the setpoint temperature 7 5 Deadband Deadband is a zone of flexibility around the Setpoint The alarm does not go abnormal until the temperature exceeds the Setpoint value by the...

Страница 38: ...ons or as a setpoint relay Please refer to section 11 2 Fail Safe Operation on page 55 Relay output relate to the current target temperature displayed on the green 7 segment LED display The relay output can be used to indicate an alarm state or to control external actions The relay functionality can either be set to NO NORMALLY OPEN NC NORMALLY CLOSE PO PERMANENTLY OPEN PC PERMANENTLY CLOSE by the...

Страница 39: ...le Endurance sensor TERMINAL RESISTOR OFF ETHERNET DHCP OFF ETHERNET IP ADDRESS 192 168 42 132 ETHERNET NETMASK 255 255 255 0 ETHERNET GATEWAY ADDR 192 168 42 1 ETHERNET PORTNUMBER 6363 WEB SERVER OFF ANALOG OUTPUT MODE 4 20mA OUT Lo LIMIT for 4 mA Low end of sensor temperature range e g 400 0 C OUT Hi LIMIT for 20 mA High end of sensor temperature range e g 3000 0 C Serial Output Transmission Mod...

Страница 40: ... LASER Spot Size Indication The laser is a Class II AlGaInP type laser with an output power less than 1 mW and an output wavelength of 650 nm The laser complies with FDA Radiation Performance Standards 21CFR subchapter J and meets IEC 825 Class 2 specifications To preserve laser longevity the laser automatically turns off after approximately 10 minutes of constant use WARNING Avoid exposure to LAS...

Страница 41: ... system architecture single or multidrop and the available network bandwidth It can be used for picture capturing in different applications 8 4 Air Water Cooled Housing The Air Water Cooled Housing allows the sensor to be used in ambient temperatures up to 120 C 250 F with air cooling and 175 C 350 F with water cooling The cooling media should be connected using 1 8 NPT stainless steel fittings re...

Страница 42: ...is not recommended The Air Water Cooled Housing is delivered with plugs only removable with a 5 mm hex wrench Check your supplier for appropriate fittings Figure 27 Endurance Head with Air Water Cooled Housing Option For ambient temperatures exceeding 175 C 350 F the ThermoJacket can be used This accessory allows operation at ambient temperatures up to 315 C 600 F 42 Rev E1 Sep 2015 ENDURANCE 1R 1...

Страница 43: ...0 10 50 10 50 15 59 20 68 0 32 0 32 0 32 0 32 0 32 0 32 5 41 5 41 5 41 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 15 59 15 59 15 59 15 59 15 59 20 68 25 77 0 32 0 32 0 32 0 32 5 41 5 41 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 15 59 15 59 15 59 20 68 20 68 20 68 20 68 20 68 25 77 30 86 0 32 0 32 0 32 5 41 5 41 10 50 10 50 15 59 15 59 15 59 20 68 20 68 20 68 20 68 25 77 25 77 25 77 25 77 30 86 35 95 0 32 0 32 5 41 10 50 10 50 15 59 1...

Страница 44: ...versal Adapter Accessory E AK 7 Adapter kit for mounting Endurance into existing WJ 5 water jacket installations E MF 7 Mounting flange E MFA 7 Flange adapter to allow Endurance to mount to MF 7 E ECAP Replacement glass end cap for Endurance sensors E PW Protective front window includes O Ring E PFEC Polarizing filter end cap EN1R for reducing visual light in high temperature applications E TJ1 Th...

Страница 45: ...o keep dust moisture airborne particles and vapors away from the lens It can be installed before or after the bracket It must be screwed in fully Air flows into the 1 8 NPT fitting and out the front aperture Air flow should be a maximum of 0 5 to 1 5 liters sec Adjustable Mounting Bracket Mounting Nut Air Purge Collar Fixed Mounting Bracket Sensing Head Sensing Head with Water Cooled Housing Optio...

Страница 46: ...ter will not fit in the standard Endurance end cap The filter is foreseen for eye protection when sighting on bright high temperature targets through the visual sighting port The filter does not affect measured energy It is solely for viewing comfort Rotate the outer portion of the filter until you achieve the desired visual attenuation Figure 31 Polarizing Filter Polarizing filter will not fit in...

Страница 47: ... will be used Both cable types are available for low and high ambient temperature ranges and different cable lengths If you purchase your own shielded 12 conductor cable use wire and shielding regarding the valid Fluke Process Instruments specification Maximum RS485 cable length is 1200 meters 4000 feet Power supply 24VDC feed in distance to the sensor head should not extend the 60m limit If you c...

Страница 48: ...nvironments such as inside electrical cabinets Technical data Protection class class II as per IEC EN 61140 Environmental protection IP20 Operating temperature range 25 C to 70 C 13 F to 158 F AC Input 100 240 VAC 50 60 Hz L N wire size 0 5 to 2 mm AWG 24 to 12 DC Output 24 VDC 1 25 A wire size 0 5 to 2 mm AWG 24 to 12 Figure 32 Dimension of Industrial Power Supply 48 Rev E1 Sep 2015 ENDURANCE 1R ...

Страница 49: ...d It can be unlocked with the command XXXJ U CR where XXX is the multidrop address 10 2 Command Structure Protocols are the set of commands that define all possible communications with the sensor The commands are described in the following sections along with their associated ASCII command characters and related message format information Types of commands include the following 1 A request for the...

Страница 50: ...dividual parameter can be requested by the host The unit responds once with the value at the selected baud rate Additionally the user defined output string can be polled 10 3 2 Burst Mode The Endurance sensor transmits the user defined output string continuously via RS485 at selected baud rate or LAN Ethernet max 100Mbps in a user defined burst interval time A user defined burst string may contain...

Страница 51: ... 0 300 0 sec 300 s 0 0 Gateway Address GW nnn nnn nnn nnn 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 192 168 42 1 Top of mA temperature range H n n nnnn n 0 0 9999 0 C or F Upper end of sensor range Sensor internal ambient I n n nnn n 0 0 999 0 C or F IP Address IP nnn nnn nnn nnn 0 0 0 1 255 255 255 255 192 168 42 132 Switch panel lock J X L Locked U Unlocked Unlocked Relay alarm output control K n 0 off 2 1 on 2 N...

Страница 52: ... limit XB n n nnnn n 0 0 9999 0 5 Set at factory calibration Deadband 7 XD nn 01 55 in C 01 99 in F 02 Restore factory defaults XF Transmissivity XG n nn 0 10 1 10 1 00 High temperature limit XH n n nnnn n 0 0 9999 0 5 Set at factory calibration Sensor initialization XI n 0 flag reset 1 flag set 1 LASER LED Video ON OFF XL n 0 OFF 1 ON 0 OFF Sensor model type XM X L Low Temp H Hi Temp Set at facto...

Страница 53: ...nergy too low Narrow band detector failure Wide band detector failure Internal temperature under range Internal temperature over range Heater control temperature under range Heater control temperature over range Table 4 Command List 10 5 Command Examples HOST SENSOR HOST WHERE USED 1 Description Query Answer Set P B S Burst string format 001 001 UTSI 001 UTSI Show list of commands 001 Measured att...

Страница 54: ...001 XL1 001XL 1 Table 5 Command Examples P Poll Mode Request for a parameters B Burst Mode continuous sending of parameters in the burst string S Set Command for setting a parameters N Notification Acknowledgment for setting a parameter The given examples are related to a unit in a multidrop network addressed with address 001 Stand alone units address 000 don t have an address information in the c...

Страница 55: ...ope or emissivity Correct the setting Temperature fluctuates Wrong signal processing Correct Peak Hold or Average settings Table 6 Troubleshooting 11 2 Fail Safe Operation The Fail Safe system is designed to alert the operator and provide a safe output in case of any system failure Basically it is designed to shut down the process in the event of a set up error system error or a failure in the sen...

Страница 56: ...ow band temperature over range temperature temperature EHHH only available via RS485 or LAN Ethernet command Wide and narrow band stands for the first and the second wavelength in 2 color mode Note that the activation levels for these conditions may be set to different values e g dirty lens at 95 EAAA at 98 Table 7 Fail safe Error Codes 11 2 2 Analog Output Current values in dependence of Fail Saf...

Страница 57: ...ilure 6 Narrow band detector failure 7 Energy too low 8 Attenuation too high 95 9 Attenuation 95 dirty window 10 Two color temperature under range 11 Two color temperature over range 12 Wide band temperature under range 13 Wide band temperature over range 14 Narrow band temperature under range 15 Narrow band temperature over range lowest priority Examples of failsafe conditions 1 One color tempera...

Страница 58: ...w to air dry Do not wipe the surface dry this may scratch the surface If silicones used in hand creams get on the window gently wipe the surface with Hexane Allow to air dry 11 4 Changing the Window Sometimes extremely harsh environments can cause damage to the window A replacement protective front window E PW is available To replace the sensor s protective front window complete the following 1 Wi...

Страница 59: ... of 1 060 How to determine slope The most effective way to determine and adjust the slope is to take the temperature of the material using a probe sensor such as an RTD thermocouple or other suitable method Once you determine the actual temperature adjust the slope setting until the sensor s temperature reads the same as the actual temperature reading This is the correct slope for the measured mat...

Страница 60: ...5 allowed signal reduction 800 C 1472 F to 1800 C 3272 F Attenuation Factor Target Temperature Maximum Allowed Signal Reduction Attenuation Factor Target Temperature Maximum Allowed Signal Reduction Model H up to 95 allowed signal reduction 1300 C 2372 F to 3200 C 5792 F 60 Rev E1 Sep 2015 ENDURANCE 1R 1 800 868 7495 info Raytek Direct ca ...

Страница 61: ...ched This is the correct emissivity for the measured material 2 If possible apply flat black paint to a portion of the surface of the object The emissivity of the paint must be above 0 98 Next measure the temperature of the painted area using an emissivity setting of 0 98 Finally measure the temperature of an adjacent area on the object and adjust the emissivity until the same temperature is reach...

Страница 62: ...ic 0 2 0 4 oxidized 0 2 0 8 Silver 0 04 Gold 0 3 Steel Haynes cold rolled 0 8 0 9 Alloy 0 5 0 9 polished sheet 0 35 Inconel molten 0 35 oxidized 0 4 0 9 oxidized 0 8 0 9 sandblasted 0 3 0 4 stainless 0 35 electropolished 0 2 0 5 Tin unoxidized 0 25 Iron Titanium oxidized 0 4 0 8 polished 0 5 0 75 unoxidized 0 35 Zinc molten 0 35 oxidized 0 6 polished 0 5 Table 9 Typical Emissivity Values Metals EM...

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