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Thermographic measurement techniques

16.2.1.1.1

Method 1: Direct method

Follow this procedure:

1. Look for possible reflection sources, considering that the incident angle = reflection

angle (a = b).

Figure 16.1

1 = Reflection source

2. If the reflection source is a spot source, modify the source by obstructing it using a

piece if cardboard.

Figure 16.2

1 = Reflection source

#T559794; r. AJ/35709/35709; en-US

Содержание A300f

Страница 1: ...User s manual FLIR A3xx f series...

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Страница 3: ...User s manual FLIR A3xx f series T559794 r AJ 35709 35709 en US iii...

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Страница 5: ...List of accessories and services 7 7 Installation 9 7 1 Installation overview 9 7 2 Installation components 9 7 3 Location considerations 9 7 4 Camera mounting 9 7 5 Prior to cutting drilling holes 10...

Страница 6: ...ledge 65 14 3 Supporting our customers 65 15 Glossary 67 16 Thermographic measurement techniques 70 16 1 Introduction 70 16 2 Emissivity 70 16 2 1 Finding the emissivity of a sample 70 16 3 Reflected...

Страница 7: ...nufactured has been certified in accordance with the ISO 9001 standard FLIR Systems is committed to a policy of continuous development therefore we reserve the right to make changes and improvements o...

Страница 8: ...nfrared lens The lens has an anti reflective coating which is easily dam aged Damage to the infrared lens can occur CAUTION Do not use too much force to clean the infrared lens This can cause damage t...

Страница 9: ...ining visit http www infraredtraining com http www irtraining com http www irtraining eu 3 6 Documentation updates Our manuals are updated several times per year and we also issue product critical not...

Страница 10: ...and answers you do not need to be a registered user When you want to submit a question make sure that you have the following information to hand The camera model The camera serial number The communic...

Страница 11: ...r your infrared camera Program updates for your PC Mac software Freeware and evaluation versions of PC Mac software User documentation for current obsolete and historical products Mechanical drawings...

Страница 12: ...mal image automation applications where you can utilize its unique properties such as looking through steam Key features MPEG 4 streaming PoE Power over Ethernet Built in web server General purpose I...

Страница 13: ...p to 10 pers 3 days ITC AUT 3109 ITC conference fee ITC CON 1001 ITC Customized workshop per person per day ITC EXP 1041 ITC In house training additional attendance 1 pers per day ITC EXP 1021 ITC In...

Страница 14: ...tor ITC TFT 0100 PEDESTAL MOUNT ASSY F SERIES 500 0463 00 POLE ADAPTER F SERIES 4119507 Power cable pigtailed 1910586ACC Power supply for A3xx f IP66 T911182 ThermoVision LabVIEW Digital Toolkit Ver 3...

Страница 15: ...ctions and install the cables it is necessary to tem porarily remove the back cover of the camera housing 7 2 Installation components In addition to the items included in the cardboard box the install...

Страница 16: ...e location of the holes for mounting the camera If the template is printed ensure that it is printed to scale so that the dimensions are correct Once the holes are drilled in the mounting surface inst...

Страница 17: ...le gland If a terminated cable is required make a single clean cut in the gland seal to install the cable into the gland seal Proper installation of cable sealing glands and use of appropriate elastom...

Страница 18: ...un to en sure adequate current carrying capacity Always follow local building codes Ensure that the camera is properly grounded Typical to good grounding practices the camera chassis ground should be...

Страница 19: ...cted to the same network as the computer 4 Close down all applications on the computer 5 Insert the CD ROM into the CD drive on the computer The installation should start automatically Should the inst...

Страница 20: ...ata FLIR Systems reserves the right to change specifications at any time without prior notice Please check http support flir com for latest changes 9 3 Note about authoritative versions The authoritat...

Страница 21: ...te video output Multi camera utility software FLIR IP Config and FLIR IR Monitor included Open and well described TCP IP protocol for control and set up 16 bit 320 240 pixel images at 3 Hz radiometric...

Страница 22: ...rogrammatically read Digital input 2 opto isolated 10 30 VDC Digital output purpose Output to ext device programmatically set Digital output 2 opto isolated 10 30 VDC max 100 mA Digital I O isolation...

Страница 23: ...tilities CD ROM Lens cap Printed documentation Small accessories kit Packaging weight Packaging size 534 207 230 mm 21 0 8 1 9 1 in EAN 13 7332558008843 UPC 12 845188009380 Country of origin Sweden Su...

Страница 24: ...video output Multi camera utility software FLIR IP Config and FLIR IR Monitor included Open and well described TCP IP protocol for control and set up 16 bit 320 240 pixel images at 3 Hz radiometric T...

Страница 25: ...rogrammatically read Digital input 2 opto isolated 10 30 VDC Digital output purpose Output to ext device programmatically set Digital output 2 opto isolated 10 30 VDC max 100 mA Digital I O isolation...

Страница 26: ...Utilities CD ROM Lens cap Printed documentation Small accessories kit Packaging weight Packaging size 534 207 230 mm 21 0 8 1 9 1 in EAN 13 7332558005514 UPC 12 845188005719 Country of origin Sweden S...

Страница 27: ...extensive analysis functionality Extensive alarm functionality as a function of analysis and more On schedule file sending FTP or e mail SMTP of analysis results or images On alarms file sending FTP o...

Страница 28: ...rs Emissivity correction Variable from 0 01 to 1 0 Reflected apparent temperature correction Automatic based on input of reflected temperature External optics windows correction Automatic based on inp...

Страница 29: ...omposite video output PAL and NTSC compatible Video standard CVBS ITU R BT 470 PAL SMPTE 170M NTSC Video connector type Standard BNC connector Power system External power operation The camera operates...

Страница 30: ...7332558004845 UPC 12 845188004866 Country of origin Sweden Supplies accessories T197000 High temp option 1200 C 2192 F T911182 Power supply for A3xx f IP66 T951004ACC Ethernet cable CAT6 2 m 6 6 ft 1...

Страница 31: ...n extensive analysis functionality Extensive alarm functionality as a function of analysis and more On schedule file sending FTP or e mail SMTP of analysis results or images On alarms file sending FTP...

Страница 32: ...rs Emissivity correction Variable from 0 01 to 1 0 Reflected apparent temperature correction Automatic based on input of reflected temperature External optics windows correction Automatic based on inp...

Страница 33: ...Composite video output PAL and NTSC compatible Video standard CVBS ITU R BT 470 PAL SMPTE 170M NTSC Video connector type Standard BNC connector Power system External power operation The camera operate...

Страница 34: ...7332558004821 UPC 12 845188004842 Country of origin Sweden Supplies accessories T197000 High temp option 1200 C 2192 F T911182 Power supply for A3xx f IP66 T951004ACC Ethernet cable CAT6 2 m 6 6 ft 1...

Страница 35: ...extensive analysis functionality Extensive alarm functionality as a function of analysis and more On schedule file sending FTP or e mail SMTP of analysis results or images On alarms file sending FTP o...

Страница 36: ...rs Emissivity correction Variable from 0 01 to 1 0 Reflected apparent temperature correction Automatic based on input of reflected temperature External optics windows correction Automatic based on inp...

Страница 37: ...omposite video output PAL and NTSC compatible Video standard CVBS ITU R BT 470 PAL SMPTE 170M NTSC Video connector type Standard BNC connector Power system External power operation The camera operates...

Страница 38: ...7332558005125 UPC 12 845188005320 Country of origin Sweden Supplies accessories T197000 High temp option 1200 C 2192 F T911182 Power supply for A3xx f IP66 T951004ACC Ethernet cable CAT6 2 m 6 6 ft 1...

Страница 39: ...in extensive analysis functionality Extensive alarm functionality as a function of analysis and more On schedule file sending FTP or e mail SMTP of analysis results or images On alarms file sending FT...

Страница 40: ...rs Emissivity correction Variable from 0 01 to 1 0 Reflected apparent temperature correction Automatic based on input of reflected temperature External optics windows correction Automatic based on inp...

Страница 41: ...Composite video output PAL and NTSC compatible Video standard CVBS ITU R BT 470 PAL SMPTE 170M NTSC Video connector type Standard BNC connector Power system External power operation The camera operate...

Страница 42: ...7332558005682 UPC 12 845188005894 Country of origin Sweden Supplies accessories T197000 High temp option 1200 C 2192 F T911182 Power supply for A3xx f IP66 T951004ACC Ethernet cable CAT6 2 m 6 6 ft 1...

Страница 43: ...in extensive analysis functionality Extensive alarm functionality as a function of analysis and more On schedule file sending FTP or e mail SMTP of analysis results or images On alarms file sending F...

Страница 44: ...rs Emissivity correction Variable from 0 01 to 1 0 Reflected apparent temperature correction Automatic based on input of reflected temperature External optics windows correction Automatic based on inp...

Страница 45: ...Composite video output PAL and NTSC compatible Video standard CVBS ITU R BT 470 PAL SMPTE 170M NTSC Video connector type Standard BNC connector Power system External power operation The camera operate...

Страница 46: ...7332558004258 UPC 12 845188004279 Country of origin Sweden Supplies accessories T197000 High temp option 1200 C 2192 F T911182 Power supply for A3xx f IP66 T951004ACC Ethernet cable CAT6 2 m 6 6 ft 1...

Страница 47: ...al temperature linear and radiometric Compliant with any software that supports GenICam including National Instruments IMAQ Vision and Stemmers Common Vision Blox Typical applications High end infrare...

Страница 48: ...ICam compatible Ethernet protocols TCP UDP SNTP RTSP RTP HTTP ICMP IGMP ftp SMTP SMB CIFS DHCP MDNS Bonjour uPnP Digital input output Digital input purpose Image tag start stop general Image flow con...

Страница 49: ...ard FLIR Tools Utilities CD ROM Lens cap Printed documentation Small accessories kit Packaging weight Packaging size 534 207 230 mm 21 0 8 1 9 1 in EAN 13 7332558006153 UPC 12 845188006464 Country of...

Страница 50: ...temperature linear and radiometric Compliant with any software that supports GenICam including National Instruments IMAQ Vision and Stemmers Common Vision Blox Typical applications High end infrared...

Страница 51: ...ICam compatible Ethernet protocols TCP UDP SNTP RTSP RTP HTTP ICMP IGMP ftp SMTP SMB CIFS DHCP MDNS Bonjour uPnP Digital input output Digital input purpose Image tag start stop general Image flow con...

Страница 52: ...card FLIR Tools Utilities CD ROM Lens cap Printed documentation Small accessories kit Packaging weight Packaging size 534 207 230 mm 21 0 8 1 9 1 in EAN 13 7332558005699 UPC 12 845188005900 Country of...

Страница 53: ...al Instruments IMAQ Vision and Stemmers Common Vision Blox Typical applications Imaging and optical data IR resolution 320 240 pixels Thermal sensitivity NETD 0 05 C 30 C 86 F 50 mK Field of view FOV...

Страница 54: ...d Digital input 2 opto isolated 10 30 VDC Digital output purpose Output to ext device programmatically set Digital output 2 opto isolated 10 30 VDC max 100 mA Digital I O isolation voltage 500 VRMS Di...

Страница 55: ...eight Packaging size 534 207 230 mm 21 0 8 1 9 1 in EAN 13 7332558005705 UPC 12 845188005917 Country of origin Sweden Supplies accessories T197000 High temp option 1200 C 2192 F T911182 Power supply f...

Страница 56: ...Mechanical drawings 10 T559794 r AJ 35709 35709 en US 50...

Страница 57: ...handling f r ej delges annan kopieras i sin helhet eller delar utan v rt medgivande vertr delse h rav beivras med st d av g llande lag FLIR SYSTEMS AB This document must not be communicated or copied...

Страница 58: ...rawing No Sheet 7 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mecha...

Страница 59: ...125002 2 8 A3 Denomination Drawn by Check Size Drawing No Sheet 7 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmit...

Страница 60: ...ion Drawn by Check Size Drawing No Sheet 7 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by a...

Страница 61: ...ation Drawn by Check Size Drawing No Sheet 7 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by...

Страница 62: ...04 18 CAHA Basic dimensions FLIR A3xx SC3xx T125002 5 8 A3 Denomination Drawn by Check Size Drawing No Sheet 7 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be repro...

Страница 63: ...ons FLIR A3xx SC3xx T125002 6 8 A3 Denomination Drawn by Check Size Drawing No Sheet 7 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retriev...

Страница 64: ...002 7 8 A3 Denomination Drawn by Check Size Drawing No Sheet 7 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted...

Страница 65: ...5002 8 8 A3 Denomination Drawn by Check Size Drawing No Sheet 7 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitte...

Страница 66: ...CE Declaration of conformity 11 T559794 r AJ 35709 35709 en US 60...

Страница 67: ......

Страница 68: ...configuration for camera I O connector 1 IN 1 2 IN 2 3 OUT 1 4 OUT 2 5 I O 6 I O 12 2 Schematic overview of the camera unit digital I O ports Figure 12 1 Schematic overview of the camera unit digital...

Страница 69: ...mercial lens cleaning liquid with more than 30 isopropyl alcohol 96 ethyl alcohol C2H5OH 13 2 2 Equipment Cotton wool 13 2 3 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Soak the cotton wool in the liquid 2 Twis...

Страница 70: ...Imaging 2009 OmniTech Partners 2009 Directed Perception 2009 Raymarine 2010 ICx Technologies 2010 TackTick Marine Digital Instruments 2011 Aerius Photonics 2011 Lorex Technology 2012 Traficon 2012 MAR...

Страница 71: ...that our job is to go beyond just producing the best infra red camera systems We are committed to enabling all users of our infrared camera sys tems to work more productively by providing them with th...

Страница 72: ...About FLIR Systems 14 no need to send your camera to the other side of the world or to talk to someone who does not speak your language T559794 r AJ 35709 35709 en US 66...

Страница 73: ...function works all the time continuously adjusting brightness and contrast according to the im age content convection Convection is a heat transfer mode where a fluid is brought into mo tion either b...

Страница 74: ...ity reflected apparent temperature distance etc object signal A non calibrated value related to the amount of radiation received by the camera from the object palette The set of colors used to display...

Страница 75: ...ration temperature scale The way in which an IR image currently is displayed Expressed as two temperature values limiting the colors thermogram infrared image transmission or transmit tance factor Gas...

Страница 76: ...ject and the camera The relative humidity Temperature of the atmosphere 16 2 Emissivity The most important object parameter to set correctly is the emissivity which in short is a measure of how much r...

Страница 77: ...Look for possible reflection sources considering that the incident angle reflection angle a b Figure 16 1 1 Reflection source 2 If the reflection source is a spot source modify the source by obstructi...

Страница 78: ...d for two important reasons A thermocouple does not measure radiation intensity A thermocouple requires a very good thermal contact to the surface usually by gluing and covering the sensor by a therma...

Страница 79: ...he temperature and how evenly you have heated the sample Spot simpler Box Avg good for surfaces with varying emissivity 9 Write down the temperature 10 Move your measurement function to the sample sur...

Страница 80: ...umidity of the atmosphere To do this set the relative humidity to the cor rect value For short distances and normal humidity the relative humidity can normally be left at a default value of 50 16 6 Ot...

Страница 81: ...well as the maximum reduction in heat He began the experiment by ac tually repeating Newton s prism experiment but looking for the heating effect rather than the visual distribution of intensity in th...

Страница 82: ...Cl which was available in large enough natural crystals to be made into lenses and prisms is remark ably transparent to the infrared The result was that rock salt became the principal infra red optica...

Страница 83: ...dance An infrared search system tested during this period was able to detect an approaching airplane at a distance of 1 5 km 0 94 miles or a person more than 300 meters 984 ft away The most sensitive...

Страница 84: ...at the limit of visual perception in the deep red At the long wavelength end it merges with the microwave radio wavelengths in the millimeter range The infrared band is often further subdivided into...

Страница 85: ...temperature generates black body radiation the characteristics of which are determined solely by the temperature of the cavity Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in tempe...

Страница 86: ...18 4 Blackbody spectral radiant emittance according to Planck s law plotted for various absolute temperatures 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm2 103 m 2 Wavelength m 18 3 2 Wien s displacement law By...

Страница 87: ...t each temperature as described by Wien s displacement law 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm2 m 2 Wavelength m 18 3 3 Stefan Boltzmann s law By integrating Planck s formula from 0 to we obtain the tot...

Страница 88: ...mitted Since all of these factors are more or less wavelength dependent the subscript is used to imply the spectral dependence of their definitions Thus The spectral absorptance the ratio of the spect...

Страница 89: ...i al i e a perfect mirror we have For a graybody radiator the Stefan Boltzmann formula becomes This states that the total emissive power of a graybody is the same as a blackbody at the same temperatur...

Страница 90: ...diation is again partially absorbed but some of it arrives at the other surface through which most of it escapes part of it is reflected back again Although the progressive reflections become weaker a...

Страница 91: ...us at least to a trained operator It is then his responsibility to modify the measure ment situation to avoid the disturbance e g by changing the viewing direction shielding off intense radiation sour...

Страница 92: ...ation 3 for Uobj Equation 4 This is the general measurement formula used in all the FLIR Systems thermographic equipment The voltages of the formula are Table 19 1 Voltages Uobj Calculated camera outp...

Страница 93: ...are actually performing extrapola tion of the calibration curve when converting 4 5 volts into temperature Let us now assume that the object is not black it has an emittance of 0 75 and the trans mit...

Страница 94: ...f radiation sources under varying measurement conditions LW cam era 1 Object temperature 2 Emittance Obj Object radiation Refl Reflected radiation Atm atmos phere radiation Fixed parameters 0 88 Trefl...

Страница 95: ...mission of clouds and ground as measured by weather satellites Defence Documentation Center AD 617 417 9 hman Claes Emittansm tningar med AGEMA E Box Teknisk rapport AGEMA 1999 Emittance measurements...

Страница 96: ...face 20 50 T 0 06 0 07 1 Aluminum roughened 27 10 m 0 18 3 Aluminum roughened 27 3 m 0 28 3 Aluminum sheet 4 samples differently scratched 70 SW 0 05 0 08 9 Aluminum sheet 4 samples differently scratc...

Страница 97: ...59 1 Brick fireclay 20 T 0 85 1 Brick masonry 35 SW 0 94 7 Brick masonry plastered 20 T 0 94 1 Brick red common 20 T 0 93 2 Brick red rough 20 T 0 88 0 93 1 Brick refractory corundum 1000 T 0 46 1 Bri...

Страница 98: ...T 0 6 0 7 1 Copper oxidized to blackness T 0 88 1 Copper oxidized black 27 T 0 78 4 Copper oxidized heavily 20 T 0 78 2 Copper polished 50 100 T 0 02 1 Copper polished 100 T 0 03 2 Copper polished com...

Страница 99: ...worked with emery 20 T 0 24 1 Iron and steel ground sheet 950 1100 T 0 55 0 61 1 Iron and steel heavily rusted sheet 20 T 0 69 2 Iron and steel hot rolled 130 T 0 60 1 Iron and steel hot rolled 20 T...

Страница 100: ...38 T 0 63 4 Iron cast oxidized 538 T 0 76 4 Iron cast oxidized at 600 C 200 600 T 0 64 0 78 1 Iron cast polished 200 T 0 21 1 Iron cast polished 38 T 0 21 4 Iron cast polished 40 T 0 21 2 Iron cast un...

Страница 101: ...nd 11 Nichrome rolled 700 T 0 25 1 Nichrome sandblasted 700 T 0 70 1 Nichrome wire clean 50 T 0 65 1 Nichrome wire clean 500 1000 T 0 71 0 79 1 Nichrome wire oxidized 50 500 T 0 95 0 98 1 Nickel brigh...

Страница 102: ...yellow T 0 28 0 33 1 Paint chrome green T 0 65 0 70 1 Paint cobalt blue T 0 7 0 8 1 Paint oil 17 SW 0 87 5 Paint oil based aver age of 16 colors 100 T 0 94 2 Paint oil black flat 20 SW 0 94 6 Paint o...

Страница 103: ...num 100 T 0 05 4 Platinum 1000 1500 T 0 14 0 18 1 Platinum 1094 T 0 18 4 Platinum 17 T 0 016 4 Platinum 22 T 0 03 4 Platinum 260 T 0 06 4 Platinum 538 T 0 10 4 Platinum pure polished 200 600 T 0 05 0...

Страница 104: ...ucco rough lime 10 90 T 0 91 1 Styrofoam insulation 37 SW 0 60 7 Tar T 0 79 0 84 1 Tar paper 20 T 0 91 0 93 1 Tile glazed 17 SW 0 94 5 Tin burnished 20 50 T 0 04 0 06 1 Tin tin plated sheet iron 100 T...

Страница 105: ...0 98 5 Wood 19 LLW 0 962 8 Wood ground T 0 5 0 7 1 Wood pine 4 different samples 70 SW 0 67 0 75 9 Wood pine 4 different samples 70 LW 0 81 0 89 9 Wood planed 20 T 0 8 0 9 1 Wood planed oak 20 T 0 90...

Страница 106: ...2016 05 18 T505471 xml en US 9229 2013 10 03 T505469 xml en US 23215 2015 02 19 T505013 xml en US 35155 2016 04 21 T505090 xml en US 33253 2016 02 09 T505089 xml en US 22977 2015 02 06 T505087 xml en...

Страница 107: ......

Страница 108: ...support flir com Copyright 2016 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide Disclaimer Specifications subject to change without further notice Models and accessories subject to regional market cons...

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