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Self-teaching manual

·TC· Option

THEORY ON CNC MACHINES.

ABOUT CONSTANT SURFACE SPEED

To work at constant surface speed (CSS), consider these two aspects.

Part zero must be in the part rotation axis so that the calculated turning speed
is the same as the best cutting speed.

A maximum turning speed must be calculated because the turning speed
increases as the diameter decreases and a certain speed should not be
exceeded on part with a large diameter.

The CNC works at constant surface speed (Vc) and from diameter Dc on, (when
N=Nmax), it works at constant turning speed.

Содержание CNC 8055 TC

Страница 1: ...REF 1010 8055 TC Self teaching manual CNC...

Страница 2: ...ir own purpose could violate the rights of the owners It is possible that CNC can execute more functions than those described in its associated documentation however Fagor Automation does not guarante...

Страница 3: ...eed ranges gears 39 3 4 Jogging the axes 40 3 4 1 Handwheels 41 3 4 2 Jogging 42 3 4 3 Moving an axis to a coordinate 44 3 5 Tool change 45 3 5 1 Tool change position 46 3 5 2 Tool calibration 47 3 5...

Страница 4: ...ng executing an operation 99 6 5 Simulating executing a part program 100 6 6 Simulating executing a part program starting with an operation 101 6 7 Copying a part program into another one 102 6 8 Dele...

Страница 5: ...MACHINES How are the machine axes named What do machine reference zero and part zero mean What is home search What are travel limits How is a part zero preset Which are the work units Ways to work wi...

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Страница 7: ...SELF TEACHING MANUAL 7 TC Option THEORY ON CNC MACHINES 1 1 1 Machine axes Z axis Longitudinal axis of the machine X axis Cross axis of the machine...

Страница 8: ...They are the references that the machine needs to work Machine reference zero OM Itissetbythemanufactureranditistheoriginpointoftheaxes Part zero OP It is set by the operator It is the part s origin...

Страница 9: ...turer and the CNC synchronizes its position assuming the coordinates set by the manufacturer for that point referred to machine reference zero NOTE With the new feedback devices distance coded referen...

Страница 10: ...pes of travel limits Physical limits They are set by the machine to prevent the carriages from going off its ways cams and mechanical stops CNC limits They are set by the manufacturer at the CNC to pr...

Страница 11: ...only good for that part in that position When programming from a part zero OP the part dimensions may be obtained from the blueprint When machining several parts the distance from machine reference ze...

Страница 12: ...ts are set by the manufacturer and may be in radius or diameter Feedrate of the axes Theunitsaresetby themanufacturerandmay be millimeters inches per minute The feedrate is independent from the spindl...

Страница 13: ...peed V It is the linear speed of the contact points between the part and the tool Turning speed N It is the angular speed of the part The relationship between the two is V 2 R N 1000 RPM Constant turn...

Страница 14: ...rotation axis so that the calculated turning speed is the same as the best cutting speed A maximum turning speed must be calculated because the turning speed increases as the diameter decreases and a...

Страница 15: ...2 THEORY ON TOOLS How is the tool change managed What is the tool table and what data does it contain What is tool calibration Defects due to errors in the tool table...

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Страница 17: ...her a manual tool changer or an automatic tool changer When the turret has manual tool change it is done like on a conventional machine When the has an automatic tool changer all the tools are located...

Страница 18: ...the tools When changing a tool the CNC assumes the data defined in the table for that tool The data included in the table is T Tool number D Offset associated with the tool The offset defines the tool...

Страница 19: ...19 TC Option THEORY ON TOOLS 2 X Tool length along the X axis in radius Z Tool length along the Z axis A Cutter angle B Cutter width C Cutting angle I Y axis wear offset K Z axis wear offset Turret re...

Страница 20: ...on code or the way the tool has been calibrated Once the tool dimensions are known The CNC must know the location code or calibration point of that tool in order to apply tool radius compensation The...

Страница 21: ...SELF TEACHING MANUAL 21 TC Option THEORY ON TOOLS 2 MOST USUAL TOOL LOCATION CODES TOOL TYPES...

Страница 22: ...Self teaching manual 22 TC Option THEORY ON TOOLS 2...

Страница 23: ...SELF TEACHING MANUAL 23 TC Option THEORY ON TOOLS 2 MOST USUAL TOOL LOCATION CODES TOOL TYPES...

Страница 24: ...Self teaching manual 24 TC Option THEORY ON TOOLS 2...

Страница 25: ...NC uses to define the dimensions of the tool It is very important to carry out this operation properly so the parts are made with the right dimensions and so when changing the tool the CNC keeps contr...

Страница 26: ...OL LENGTH CALIBRATION X1 Actual real length Z1 Actual real length Part with the right dimensions X2 Wrong length X2 Actual real length Part with the wrong dimensions Part to be machined Tools Wrong ma...

Страница 27: ...p When working with the theoretical tip machining ridges remain To prevent this the CNC works with the real tip To work with the theoretical tool tip the CNC must know the calibration point of that to...

Страница 28: ...ual 28 TC Option THEORY ON TOOLS 2 DEFECTS DUE TO WRONG TOOL RADIUS CALIBRATION Actual radius The residual stock is due to the difference between the two radii Wrong radius Machining ridges Actual rad...

Страница 29: ...3 MANUAL PRACTICE Description of the screen and the keyboard How to do a home search Working with the spindle Ways to jog the axes handwheels continuous jog incremental jog Tools...

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Страница 31: ...Option MANUAL PRACTICE 3 3 1 Description of the screen and the keyboard On power up the CNC shows the following screen If the CNC does not show this screen the CNC may be in T mode To go into MC mode...

Страница 32: ...ANUAL PRACTICE 3 3 1 1 Keyboard description 1 Keys to define the machining operations 2 Keys for external devices live tool and spindle work mode RPM CSS 3 Alphanumeric keys and command keys 4 Operato...

Страница 33: ...mode selector Selecting the turning direction of the spindle and starting it Percentage variation of the spindle speed Jog keyboard for manual movement of axes Continuous jog Incremental jog Handwheel...

Страница 34: ...xecution interrupted or reset and PLC messages 2 CNC messages 3 Tool position referred to the part zero and to home Real spindle rpm 4 Axis feedrate and percentage applied 5 Tool information Active to...

Страница 35: ...m currently selected 4 Information of the axes Target positionof the movement COMMAND current axis position ACTUAL remaining distance REST and the difference between the theoretical position and the r...

Страница 36: ...s homed separately The CNC does not keep the part zero Automatic home search The home search is carried out on all the axes at the same time according to a subroutine pre established by the manufactur...

Страница 37: ...ted with the CSS key Working in RPM mode revolutions per minute Working in CSS constant surface speed mode In CSS mode the turning speed changes depending on the position of the X axis If X decreases...

Страница 38: ...the turning speed press The CNC displays the following information Speed Selected speed Percentage applied Turning direction Active spindle range gear Selected speed Turning direction and percentage...

Страница 39: ...these gears to select the best motor torque for the programmed speed It is recommended to always work at constant power to extend tool life Power Power Constant power Constant power For a work speed b...

Страница 40: ...els Use the selector switch to select the type of feed Each key can move an axis in one direction according to the axes of the machine Jog keyboard It may have one two or three handwheels It follows t...

Страница 41: ...ct the type of feed If the machine has 1 handwheel Select an axis using the JOG keys The machine moves the axis as the handwheel is being turned If the machine has 2 or more handwheels The machine mov...

Страница 42: ...board If the rapid key is pressed while jogging the axes they will move at the maximum feedrate possible set by the manufacturer Feedrate Rapid key Incremental jog Every time a jog key is pressed the...

Страница 43: ...ogging the axes they will move at the maximum feedrate possible set by the manufacturer Feedrate Rapid key Spindle status If the spindle is turning the CNC moves the axes at the selected feedrate If t...

Страница 44: ...START key may be used to move an axis to a particular coordinate Proceed as follows The axis will move to the programmed target point at the selected feedrate On the standard screen select the axis t...

Страница 45: ...e T key 2 Enter the tool number 3 Press START 4 The CNC will rotate the tool holder until the new tool is in the work position Machine with manual tool changer The change is done like on a conventiona...

Страница 46: ...where the tool change will take place Enter in X and Z the values of the point where the tool change will take place When requiring a tool change if the manufacturer has set that way the CNC will mov...

Страница 47: ...E 3 3 5 2 Tool calibration The machine must be homed before calibrating the tools The calibration requires a smooth surface Use continuous JOG or handwheels to mill the surface Homing the Z axis Homin...

Страница 48: ...bration Work mode Help graphics and par t dimensions used to calibrate the tool Help graphics Tool geometry Tool length and wear Real position of the axes and cutting conditions Use the keys to move t...

Страница 49: ...g the part along the X axis Press X ENTER The CNC calculates and shows the new length The offset value I is reset to 0 Press Z ENTER The CNC calculates and shows the new length The offset value K is r...

Страница 50: ...A B C R location code I K get into tool calibration mode and display the tool data The CNC shows the data for that tool To change them place the cursor on the value to be modified key in the new valu...

Страница 51: ...part zero Start the spindle and touch the diameter of the part with several tools and check the value on the screen Although the tools are different the value on the screen must be the same Select a t...

Страница 52: ...Self teaching manual 52 TC Option MANUAL PRACTICE 3...

Страница 53: ...4 OPERATIONS OR CYCLES Keys associated with automatic operations Different work modes Editing the parameters of an operation Simulating an operation Executing an operation...

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Страница 55: ...SELF TEACHING MANUAL 55 TC Option OPERATIONS OR CYCLES 4 4 1 Description of the screen and the keyboard Position of the automatic function keys...

Страница 56: ...Option OPERATIONS OR CYCLES 4 Operation keys Profiling cycle Positioning cycle Turning cycle Facing cycle Threading cycle Grooving cycle Selecting the cycle level Drilling and tapping cycles Taper tu...

Страница 57: ...ERATIONS OR CYCLES 4 4 2 Work modes There are two work modes Editing mode Execution mode Editing the parameters of the operation or cycle Simulating an operation or cycle Simulating an operation or cy...

Страница 58: ...cycles have several editing levels Each level has its own screen and the main window of the cycle indicates with tabs the available levels and which one is selected To change levels use the LEVEL CYC...

Страница 59: ...rning cycle Use the LEVEL CYCLE key to select the cycle level to be executed Remember that not all the cycles have several levels Work cycle Help graphics Spindle conditions Real position of the axes...

Страница 60: ...the roughing feedrate Pressing it again selects the finishing feedrate The CNC selects the roughing tool Pressing it again selects the finishing tool The CNC selects the roughing speed Pressing it aga...

Страница 61: ...Option OPERATIONS OR CYCLES 4 The icons show the following data When selecting an icon the CNC shows its meaning at the bottom of the screen Type of taper Type of section before and after the taper I...

Страница 62: ...Self teaching manual 62 TC Option OPERATIONS OR CYCLES 4 Work quadrant This icon indicates the type of corner to be machined Machining direction...

Страница 63: ...ic simulation window and its associated softkey menu To access the various functions use the keys F1 through F7 To start the simulation press the START key The simulation speed may be varied with the...

Страница 64: ...ly shows half of the part This is because it only shows the path of the tool tip not the part itself Solid graphics It starts with an initial block raw stock The simulation shows how the tool removes...

Страница 65: ...ZOOM It may be used to enlarge or shrink the drawing or part of it The new display area is selected using a window super imposed on the shown tool path To return to the original display area select t...

Страница 66: ...ntage of simulation speed to apply Tool path colors To change the colors of the tool paths in XZ graphics Colors of the solid graphics To change the colors of the tool and the part in Solid graphics G...

Страница 67: ...ecution may be interrupted any time except during the threading operation In this case the execution will stop at the end of the threading operation This key may be used to choose whether the operatio...

Страница 68: ...manufacturer accessing tool inspection on some machines may require pressing also the T key The top of the CNC screen shows the message INSPECTION Within the tool inspection mode it is possible to mo...

Страница 69: ...ay be executed during tool inspection or while the machine is running NOTE The changes are not assumed until the tool is selected The CNC goes into tool calibration and shows the data for that tool Se...

Страница 70: ...Self teaching manual 70 TC Option OPERATIONS OR CYCLES 4...

Страница 71: ...5 SUMMARY OF WORK CYCLES...

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Страница 73: ...SELF TEACHING MANUAL 73 TC Option SUMMARY OF WORK CYCLES 5 5 1 Positioning cycle At this cycle level it is possible to define the auxiliary functions that will be executed before or after the movement...

Страница 74: ...Self teaching manual 74 TC Option SUMMARY OF WORK CYCLES 5 5 2 Turning cycle...

Страница 75: ...SELF TEACHING MANUAL 75 TC Option SUMMARY OF WORK CYCLES 5 5 3 Facing cycle...

Страница 76: ...CYCLES 5 5 4 Taper turning cycle In this level it is necessary to define the coordinates of the theoretical corner the angle of the taper and the final diameter In this level it is necessary to define...

Страница 77: ...SELF TEACHING MANUAL 77 TC Option SUMMARY OF WORK CYCLES 5 In this level it is necessary to define the coordinates of the theoretical corner the angle of the taper and the distance in Z...

Страница 78: ...K CYCLES 5 5 5 Rounding cycle In this level it is necessary to define the coordinates of the starting and final points and the rounding radius In this level it is necessary to define the coordinates o...

Страница 79: ...SELF TEACHING MANUAL 79 TC Option SUMMARY OF WORK CYCLES 5 5 6 Threading cycle Longitudinal threadcutting Taper thread...

Страница 80: ...Self teaching manual 80 TC Option SUMMARY OF WORK CYCLES 5 Thread repair This level is only available when using spindle orientation Face tapping...

Страница 81: ...SELF TEACHING MANUAL 81 TC Option SUMMARY OF WORK CYCLES 5 Threads with several entries This level is only available when using spindle orientation...

Страница 82: ...Self teaching manual 82 TC Option SUMMARY OF WORK CYCLES 5 5 7 Grooving cycle Grooving on the cylindrical side Face grooving...

Страница 83: ...SELF TEACHING MANUAL 83 TC Option SUMMARY OF WORK CYCLES 5 Grooving on the face with incline walls Grooving on the cylindrical side with incline walls...

Страница 84: ...Self teaching manual 84 TC Option SUMMARY OF WORK CYCLES 5 Cut off...

Страница 85: ...TEACHING MANUAL 85 TC Option SUMMARY OF WORK CYCLES 5 5 8 Drilling and tapping cycles Drilling cycle Tapping cycle NOTE When having an orienting spindle it will also show the cycles described in appen...

Страница 86: ...lf teaching manual 86 TC Option SUMMARY OF WORK CYCLES 5 5 9 Profiling cycle In this level it is necessary to define all the points of the profile In this level the profile is defined in a part progra...

Страница 87: ...SELF TEACHING MANUAL 87 TC Option SUMMARY OF WORK CYCLES 5 XC profile This level is only available when using the C axis ZC profile This level is only available when using the C axis...

Страница 88: ...Self teaching manual 88 TC Option SUMMARY OF WORK CYCLES 5...

Страница 89: ...conversational part program How to modify a conversational part program insert or delete operations Simulating executing an operation Simulating executing a part program starting with an operation Sim...

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Страница 91: ...arately and they are then saved one after another in a program The name of the part program may be a number between 1 and 899999 Turning cycle PART PROGRAMS CYCLES 1 POSITIONING CYCLE 1 2 FACING CYCLE...

Страница 92: ...ns required to execute the part and the order sequence in which they will be executed A part may be executed in different ways Once the sequence of operations has been chosen the part program is creat...

Страница 93: ...EN Select Creating new part with the focus PART PROGRAMS CYCLES CREATING A NEW PART 111 THREADED AXIS 122 TAPER AXIS 333 444 PART PROGRAMS CYCLES Enter the part program number CREATE PART N CREATING A...

Страница 94: ...its parameters When the operation is defined press P PROG CREATING A NEW PART 111 THREADED AXIS 122 TAPER AXIS 333 444 555 EXAMPLE PART PROGRAMS CYCLES 1 TAPER TURNING CYCLE 1 Repeat these steps for...

Страница 95: ...APER AXIS 333 444 555 EXAMPLE The CNC shows the operation with all the data Modify the parameters like in editing mode After modifying the data press P PROG PART PROGRAMS CYCLES 1 TAPER TURNING CYCLE...

Страница 96: ...D AXIS 122 TAPER AXIS 333 444 555 EXAMPLE Define the parameters of the operation and press P PROG to access the part program PART PROGRAMS CYCLES 1 TAPER TURNING CYCLE 1 2 ROUNDING CYCLE 1 3 GROOVING...

Страница 97: ...rom a part program PART PROGRAMS CYCLES 1 TAPER TURNING CYCLE 1 2 ROUNDING CYCLE 1 3 GROOVING CYCLE 1 4 TURNING CYCLE CREATING A NEW PART 111 THREADED AXIS 122 TAPER AXIS 333 444 555 EXAMPLE To delete...

Страница 98: ...TURNING CYCLE 1 2 ROUNDING CYCLE 1 3 TURNING CYCLE CREATING A NEW PART 111 THREADED AXIS 122 TAPER AXIS 333 444 555 EXAMPLE Changing the position of an operation Select the operation to be relocated a...

Страница 99: ...1 3 TURNING CYCLE CREATING A NEW PART 111 THREADED AXIS 122 TAPER AXIS 333 444 555 EXAMPLE Graphic screen Select the operation to be simulated and press ENTER PART PROGRAMS CYCLES 1 TAPER TURNING CYCL...

Страница 100: ...3 TURNING CYCLE CREATING A NEW PART 111 THREADED AXIS 122 TAPER AXIS 333 444 555 EXAMPLE Graphic screen Select the part program to be simulated and press GRAPHICS PART PROGRAMS CYCLES 1 TAPER TURNING...

Страница 101: ...CLE 1 3 TURNING CYCLE CREATING A NEW PART 111 THREADED AXIS 122 TAPER AXIS 333 444 555 EXAMPLE Graphic screen Select the first operation to start simulating and press GRAPHICS PART PROGRAMS CYCLES 1 T...

Страница 102: ...OUNDING CYCLE 1 3 TURNING CYCLE CREATING A NEW PART 111 THREADED AXIS 122 TAPER AXIS 333 444 555 EXAMPLE CREATING A NEW PART 111 THREADED AXIS 122 TAPER AXIS 333 444 555 EXAMPLE PART PROGRAMS CYCLES E...

Страница 103: ...CLES 1 TAPER TURNING CYCLE 1 2 ROUNDING CYCLE 1 3 TURNING CYCLE CREATING A NEW PART 111 THREADED AXIS 122 TAPER AXIS 333 444 555 EXAMPLE Select the program to be deleted and press CLEAR The CNC will r...

Страница 104: ...Self teaching manual 104 TC Option CONVERSATIONAL PART PROGRAMS 6...

Страница 105: ...A OTHER LATHE TYPE MACHINING OPERATIONS Orienting spindle and live tool Multiple drilling Multiple tapping Slot milling...

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Страница 107: ...r these machining operations the machine must have an orienting spindle and a live tool If the machine has these features the CNC will show the options for multiple drilling and slot milling when acce...

Страница 108: ...nd active gear Angular increment of the spindle To exit the spindle orientation mode press one of the keys for the spindle To set the speed of the live tool first press T to select the window for tool...

Страница 109: ...SELF TEACHING MANUAL 109 TC Option A A 3 Multiple drilling Multiple drilling on the cylindrical side of the part Multiple drilling on the face of the part...

Страница 110: ...Self teaching manual 110 TC Option A A 4 Multiple tapping Multiple tapping on the cylindrical side of the part Multiple tapping on the face of the part...

Страница 111: ...SELF TEACHING MANUAL 111 TC Option A A 5 Slots Slots on the cylindrical side of the part Slots on the face of the part...

Страница 112: ...Self teaching manual 112 TC Option A...

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