Manual V1.1
Page 7 of 8
General installation information
Absolute Maximum Ratings
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The Absolute Maximum Ratings are those limits for the device that, if exceeded, will likely damage the device. Exceeding the
absolute maximum ratings voids any warranty and/or guarantee.
Mounting
Mounting of the product should be done in such a way that:
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the absolute maximum ambient temperature rating of the product will never be exceeded.
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maximum cooling (direction of cooling ribs and direction of airflow) is achieved.
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Mounting no humid air can flow through the product or condensation occurs.
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dust or other materials or residue will not remain in or on the product.
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the maximum vibration is not exceeded.
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personal contact with persons is impossible.
Wiring
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Diameter size of the wiring should be enough to carry the expected current. Wire insulation should be enough to withstand
the expected operating voltages and temperatures.
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To improve EMC emission and immunity, care should be taken for the lay out of the wiring. This in respect to all wiring in the
installation.
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Keep current carrying wires as short as possible.
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Keep wires carrying a total sum of zero Ampere close to each other, or in one single cable, E.g. U, V, W, or F1(+) and F2(-),
or Phase and neutral, or S and T.
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Avoid current carrying conductors next to sensing or control wiring. Especially current controlled by SCR’s or PWM controlled
transistors.
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If sensitive sensing signal cables need to be laid across distance along other cabling, shielded cable is preferred. Keep the
shield as long as possible and the wiring outside the shield as short as possible. Do not solder or shrink the shield to a
regular wire. Connect the original shield to ground at one side with an as large as possible contact surface.
Additional installation information
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When the product is supplied by means of a transformer, it should never be an auto-transformer. Auto-transformers react as
voltage sweep up coil and may cause high voltage peaks.
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Standard fit capacitors or over-voltage suppressers across F1(+) and F2(-), or exciter field terminals inside the generator
should be removed.
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When the product is supplied by means of a transformer, it should be able to carry at least the maximum expected current.
Advisable is, to have a transformer which can carry twice the maximum expected current. Inductive loads make voltage sacks
and peeks into the secondary voltage of a transformer, from which the device may malfunction.
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It is not recommended to apply switches in dc outputs. It is preferred to use switches in the ac supply inputs of devices. In
case it is unavoidable to have switches in the dc output of a device, action must be taken to avoid over voltage damage to the
device due to contact arcing. Use a voltage suppressor across the output.
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It is not recommended to apply switches or fuses in the sensing lines. Defects can cause high voltage situations due to over-
excitation.
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When using a step down transformer in medium or high voltage generators, the transformer should be three phase (if three
phase sensing), and the transformer should be suitable for acting as a sensing transformer. If the transformer is unloaded,
connect a resistor to avoid voltage waveform distortion.
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The phase relation from the generator to the AVR is important. Also when voltage transformers and/ or current transformers
are installed.
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When using a step down or insulation transformer in the droop circuit, phase relation from the generator to the AVR is
important.
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CT’s wiring, connected to the AVR should never be grounded.
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Always disconnect electronic products, circuits and people before checking the insulation resistance (Megger check).
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Due to differences in generators impedance’s, EMC behavior is not predictable. Therefore the commissioner / installer should
be aware of proper and correct installation.
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Large, highly inductive, exciter stator windings can cause destructive high voltage peaks. Adding a resistor from 10 to 20
times the exciter stator field resistance reduces voltage spikes. If necessary filter can be fitted additionally. (e.g. snubber, RC-
network)
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Upon problems during commissioning, faulty behavior or defects in the generator, consult the fault finding manual at our web
site
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Some advises may be overdone or seem extraordinary, but since the electrical rules are the same everywhere, these advises
are given.