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EURO-SERGE - SYSTEM MODULES

ELBY Designs - Laurie Biddulph

9 Follan Close, Kariong, NSW 2250, Australia

[email protected]

http://www.elby-designs.com

16 of 42

AUDIO PROCESSORS

There are four major paths to analogue electronic music synthesis:

1. ADDITIVE SYNTHESIS: Since any sound can be shown to be made of

sine waves, it is possible to construct any sound by adding the

appropriate sine waves together. While conceptually this seems to be

the most flexible method of synthesis, in reality it is a difficult and time-

consuming procedure except in some limited cases. Often it is more

practical to mix already complex sounds together

2. SUBTRACTIVE SYNTHESIS: The opposite of additive synthesis is

subtractive synthesis. In its ideal form, one can take white noise, which

contains ALL frequencies and subtract the ones not wanted, much like

the sculptor chipping away at a block of stone. More commonly, the

synthesist takes appropriate waveforms, such as sawtooth waves, or a

mix of waves, and "chips" away at these sounds.

3. MODULATION: There are a number of electronic processes that take

one simple waveform and modulate it, or alter is, with a second

waveform. This would include AM, FM and RING modulation. The

resultant waveforms are then often subjected to either additive or

subtractive synthesis.

4. WAVESHAPING: Wave shaping is a technique where a given wave is

input in to a device and a related but different wave is output. For

instance, a simple wave shaper is a "rectifier" which outputs the

absolute value of its input wave.

Figure 5.4.1

Modules that wave shape signals, add signals together, subtract parts of

signals, or that modulate signals are called Signal Processors. The Euro-

Serge system is a Signal Processor-rich synthesizer and includes many

processors that are not found on any other synthesizer. So far in this manual

Содержание EURO-SERGE

Страница 1: ...er 1 i e ES17 VC Multiplier 2 i f ES18 VC Multiplier 3 i g ES114 Universal Slope Generator i h ES11 Triple Comparator i i ES78 VCA i j ES09 Positive Slew Generator i k ES19 Negative Slew Generator i l ES75 Voltage Controlled Slope Generator i m ES07 1973 Voltage Controlled Filter i 5 Output Mixing a ES08 Audio Mixer i b ES30 Stereo Panner Module i c ES31 Stereo Output Module i 6 Control Voltage Pr...

Страница 2: ...ralia elby designs bigpond com http www elby designs com 2 of 42 Fast Forward and Rewind The Introduction Book 1 Self Teaching Patches 1 Book 2 The Theory of Electronic Music Book 3 Self Teaching Patches 2 Book 4 So What Does It Sound Like Book 6 Euro Serge Catalogue Book 7 Appendices Book 8 ...

Страница 3: ... or 5V with a fast rising edge between 0V and 5V Some yellow outputs can hold high indefinitely others fall back to 0V in a set time Red inputs are triggered by the rising edge and therefore other voltages such as inverted saw waves can be used to trigger Some red inputs control certain functions of a module as long as the voltage remains HI In these cases any 5V level will sustain the function Th...

Страница 4: ... such a module and has the function of an envelope follower Once the concept and basic principles of these five types of modules are understood an infinite array of new instruments can be made or patched out of the modules available on the Euro Serge New modules once their basic type is determined and their internal workings understood can be easily added to existing modules In general modules of ...

Страница 5: ...to a strong overtone of the second VCO Locking on to an overtone is useful in the setting up of chords Figure 5 2 1 In the above patch VCO 2 is locked to VCO 1 It cannot drift An interesting phenomenon occurs if VCO 1 is set very low and its SAW wave is used to sync VCO 2 If VCO 2 is now swept upwards over its range either using its pot or a control voltage you will hear it locking onto one overto...

Страница 6: ...l The low frequencies have more amplitude Figure 5 2 3 White noise top and Pink noise bottom CHECK YOUR SPEAKER VOLUME FIRST RINGING FILTER The filter can be rung much like a gong with a trigger pulse to the TRIG IN By adjusting the FREQUENCY different pitches can be achieved Adjusting the Q will alter the sound from percussive clicks to bell like sounds The output is a damped sine wave Figure 5 2...

Страница 7: ...e Figure 5 2 5 The ES114 can have a voltage controlled wave shape if the switch on VC IN is set to either RISE or FALL AUDIO SEQUENCES A sound source of a more unusual nature can be found in the ES28 To use the ES28 as a sound source the CLOCK trigger must be well in to the audio range The output is taken from either the A B C or D outputs and sent directly to the output or to an audio processor s...

Страница 8: ...EURO SERGE SYSTEM MODULES ELBY Designs Laurie Biddulph 9 Follan Close Kariong NSW 2250 Australia elby designs bigpond com http www elby designs com 8 of 42 Figure 5 2 6 ...

Страница 9: ...ch situations come up when working with certain kinds of modern music such as Stochastic or Aleatoric as well as other music styles such as symphony and rock and roll In particular it sounds more animated to have timbre of an electronic sound slightly changing in a random or non consistent manner The Euro Serge provides three kinds of random control voltage stepped smooth and pulse These are diagr...

Страница 10: ...processing input can scale the random output to any desired level The following patch is useful for exploring the possibilities of the smooth and stepped random output Figure 5 3 If your Euro Serge system has more than one random module it is possible to use a random control voltage to control the rate of the second random voltage The pulse output can be explored using the following patch to provi...

Страница 11: ... a general sort of way represents the envelope of a trumpet or any instrument which can sustain a note at a steady level The sustain section is settable to different SUSTAIN levels by means of a pot and a control voltage In addition to these functions the ES16 also provides a delay that sets an amount of time between receiving a trigger and the onset of the envelop itself This is useful when trigg...

Страница 12: ...vel set by the SUSTAIN control pot The ADSR will sustain the output voltage set by the control pot for as long as the GATE input remains high In the case of the ES28 GATE output this is as long as one holds a finger down on the keypad When the GATE goes low the RELEASE T4 control pot determines the slope of the final DECAY Figure 5 3 7 The ES16 functions in a slightly different fashion if the trig...

Страница 13: ... of as two separate but interconnected modules the Sequencer and the Keyboard The sequencer can be used by itself by removing the ES34 and its umbilical cord The ES28 provides the user with four voltage outputs A B C D and VC TOUCH which output a voltage depending on which keypad was last pressed Each keypad can be assigned a voltage such that keypad 1 has the lowest voltage keypad 2 the second lo...

Страница 14: ...ortional to the amount of pressure applied to the keyboard with the finger When used to control a VCA it can act much like an expressive envelope generator simulating the piano forte soft loud Figure 5 3 11 ES27 TRANSIENT GENERATOR The ES27 is a smaller version of the ES114 The RISE and FALL are only voltage controllable simultaneously and can not be controlled separately The ES27 has three output...

Страница 15: ...h the ES14 Processor module to generate complex envelopes Note that in this patch diagram the END OUT to IN connection is shown with a dotted line this is because the EURO SERGE banana sockets have a unique feature commonly known as normalising in which a default signal is internally patched to the jacks signal pin while there is no jack inserted Inserting a jack disables this normalised connectio...

Страница 16: ...es not wanted much like the sculptor chipping away at a block of stone More commonly the synthesist takes appropriate waveforms such as sawtooth waves or a mix of waves and chips away at these sounds 3 MODULATION There are a number of electronic processes that take one simple waveform and modulate it or alter is with a second waveform This would include AM FM and RING modulation The resultant wave...

Страница 17: ...y around the setting of the FREQUENCY pot and control voltage It is useful for removing a certain sound from a complex one VCQ or RESONANCE Q is the property of a filter where the cut off frequency is amplified and fed back in to the original signal to produce a bell like or ringing sound Different levels of Q produce different tonal quantities In the VCFQ this function is both adjustable by a pot...

Страница 18: ...ds with each band s output being controlled by a pot that is labelled with the centre frequency of the band When the pot is turned right the band it controls is amplified up to about the 8 position this is 12dB higher than the input signal Past 8 the band is given more and more resonance If the pot is turned to the left the associated band is attenuated further and further The ES22 has three outpu...

Страница 19: ... on the sound in two different ways It is a useful module for producing interesting and changing sound timbres something difficult to achieve in other synthesizers Figure 5 4 3 WAVE MULTIPLIERS ES04 ES17 ES18 The Wave Multiplier modules are a family of modules that operate on their inputs in a unique fashion transforming simple sounds into musically complex and interesting ones They should not be ...

Страница 20: ...ther manually or with a control voltage ES17 VCM 2 ES17 has two inputs each producing a slightly different result at the output One input is DC coupled and has a Blue jack The other input is AC coupled and has a Black jack A sine wave will sound the same when connected to either input but a triangle wave will produce different effects These inputs can be used together to provide unusual effects Th...

Страница 21: ... only these harmonics The ES18 in actuality contains three waveform transforming circuits in a carefully controlled series Figure 5 4 6 Like the ES04 and ES17 the module produces both manual and voltage control over the output Unlike its companion modules however there are distinct outputs AC and DC The DC output provides a squared up version of the AC output Figure 5 4 7 One important feature of ...

Страница 22: ...er high frequencies it contains To accomplish this the RISE and FALL items must be set quite fast Increasing either the RISE or FALL times will increase the filtering action Figure 5 4 9 Because the RISE and FALL times on the ES114 are voltage controllable when used in this fashion the module becomes a voltage controlled filter Figure 5 4 10 Closely related to this patch is the use of the ES114 as...

Страница 23: ... the voltage for that will simply reproduce the wave itself perhaps with a slight delay or softening of the slopes Rather an envelope follower should follow the rising voltages as closely as possible but have a very slow FALL time When this is done the upper edge of the waveform alone is traced this being the envelope Figure 5 4 12 On the ES114 this is easily accomplished by using a very fast RISE...

Страница 24: ...ontrol voltage longer that the time frame between the pulses in the train it will skip one or more pulses If it misses a single beat the frequency is lowered by an octave if it misses two the frequency is lowered by an octave and a fifth Note that this wave has an inverted trapezoidal shape Figure 5 4 14 It is sometimes desirable to shape the envelope so that is has a NON LINEAR SLOPE this is ofte...

Страница 25: ...r spike useful for creating short percussive envelopes Figure 5 4 15 ES11 TRIPLE COMPARATOR The ES11 contains three separate but identical comparators The action of these comparators is this when the voltage of the input is greater than the voltage at the input OUT goes high to 5V Otherwise OUT is at 0V The pot sets a threshold voltage which is added to the input If there is no input this pot alon...

Страница 26: ...ed These pulses sound like a certain kind of filtering or phasing A square wave contains only odd harmonics but different rectangular waves contain different harmonics depending on the duty cycle amount of ON time to OFF time It is interesting to note that rectangular waves with duty cycles of 1 2 have these harmonics missing 2 4 6 8 10 etc a square wave has only odd harmonics 3 1 have missing 3 6...

Страница 27: ...stralia elby designs bigpond com http www elby designs com 27 of 42 ES78 VCA The ES78 has an audio input a voltage control input an output and a GAIN pot These are logarithmic VCAs and are useful for putting envelopes on sounds and for Amplitude Modulation Figure 5 4 19 2 VCA RING MODULATOR ...

Страница 28: ...gle complex waveform Our brain easily sorts them out This ability to sort different sounds is valid even with electronic sounds A synthesizer can create two different sounds mix them together and the ear upon hearing them can separate them out again For three million years not only could we tell that a lion was roaring but we could tell that the lion was roaring over there that the twig broke behi...

Страница 29: ... ES08EXT allows the number of outputs to be increased to create a matrix mixer VOLTAGE CONTROLLED STEREO MIXER This is a two in two out mixer Each input can be individually gain controlled by a GAIN pot and a VC gain input Further more each input can be directed to either or both of the two outputs by means of a PAN pot This panning function can also be voltage controlled by the VC Pan input This ...

Страница 30: ...fts so important to interesting electronic music The simplest of these devices have already been explored the control voltage Processors that are found on the control voltage inputs of many modules on the Euro Serge system These processors enable the user to amplify attenuate and or invert the control voltage ES114 UNIVERSAL SLOPE GENERATOR The ES114 can act as a Positive or Negative or Positive N...

Страница 31: ...CTIONAL ROUTER This unique triple module can be used in two ways 1 ONE IN TWO OUT SWITCH An input at B can be sent to either output A1 or A2 depending on the state of input A1 A2 If A1 A2 is HI 5V then B appears at A1 otherwise it appears at A2 2 TWO IN ONE OUT SWITCH If there is an input at A1 and a second input at A2 then A1 will appear at output B if A1 A2 is HI otherwise A2 will appear at the ...

Страница 32: ...there is an instantaneous change in voltage there will be a click Figure 5 6 4 ES14 CONTROL VOLTAGE PROCESSOR The Processor is to control voltages what a Mixer is to audio voltages It can be used to sum together up to three control voltages Each of its three inputs can be independently attenuated amplified and or inverted Furthermore a manual offset pot sets a fixed voltage that can be added into ...

Страница 33: ...R THE SMOOTH FUNCTION GENERATOR SLEW LIMITER The Smooth Function generator serves as a voltage controlled Slew limiter on its input The slope of the slew both positive and negative is determined by the manual RATE pot and a VC input associated attenuation pot Figure 5 6 6 TRACK AND HOLD A HOLD input is provided on the Smooth Function Generator When this input receives a HI voltage it has the effec...

Страница 34: ...ction Generator follows its input closely that is tracks the input the receipt of a pulse train at its HOLD input will produce a staircase like series of voltages Figure 5 6 7 LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR LFO If the INPUT of the Smooth Function Generator is patched to the CYCLE jack the output is a triangle wave whose frequency is determined by the RATE and control voltages The CYCLE output will be a ...

Страница 35: ...emains operative to be able to produce up and down staircase like voltages Figure 5 6 9 THE STEPPED FUNCTION GENERATOR SAMPLE AND HOLD A Sample and Hold is a device which produces a discrete stepped waveform from a changing input voltage When a pulse is received at the SAMPLE input the voltage appearing at that instant at IN appears at STEPPED OUT and is HELD until another pulse is received at SAM...

Страница 36: ...www elby designs com 36 of 42 Figure 5 6 10 CORRELATION The RATE pot and the VC input with its associated attenuation pot control the correlation of one voltage output level to the previous voltage output level In the stepped voltage as correlation increases each step must be closer and closer to the previous step Figure 5 6 11 ...

Страница 37: ... H SOURCE on the ES01 Noise Generator the output approximates the function called 1 F 1 F is a random like function that describes the shape of for example natural coastlines cloud movements and many kinds of music Figure 5 6 12 STAIRCASE GENERATOR When INPUT is patched to CYCLE and pulse are applied to SAMPLE a complex staircase wave is generated at STEPPED OUT determined by the pulse frequency t...

Страница 38: ... in voltage than the SMOOTH section the output of the COUPLER goes HI Otherwise the output is LO The COUPLER has two outputs one of which switches between 0V and 12V the other switching between 12V and 12V Both of these signals are hotter than normal Euro Serge signals and so are assigned and ORANGE 0 and a GREY jack Figure 5 6 14 ES01 RANDOM VOLTAGE GENERATOR The S H SOURCE output of the ES01 is ...

Страница 39: ...e 8 and receives a clock pulse it wraps around and activates Stage 31 This function was described in an earlier section There are however a number of other ways of controlling the Sequencer to provide musical patterns UP DOWN If a HI voltage is applied to the UP DOWN input the Sequencer will step DOWNWARDS instead of upward when it receives a CLOCK pulse If it is on Stage 1 it will wrap up to Stag...

Страница 40: ... ED137 it steps DOWN one ROW That is if row IN 2 was currently active then it will progress to row IN 3 After row IN 4 it wraps around to row IN 1 The OUT output of the ED137 is determined by the pot that is in the activated stage of the ES28 as determined by the main Sequencer and Keypads AND in the row specified by the ED137 If the activated stage is not changed then OUT will have a four stage s...

Страница 41: ...riong NSW 2250 Australia elby designs bigpond com http www elby designs com 41 of 42 One of the many uses to which this device can be put is that of producing chords and arabesques from a monophonic keyboard input The patch in Figure 5 6 2 illustrates this use Figure 5 6 2 ...

Страница 42: ...EURO SERGE SYSTEM MODULES ELBY Designs Laurie Biddulph 9 Follan Close Kariong NSW 2250 Australia elby designs bigpond com http www elby designs com 42 of 42 Chapter 6 What Does It Sound Like ...

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