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REFERENCES 

Abdalla, S.A.T. "Measurement and Application of Radon in South African Aquifer and River Waters" Department of 
Physics, University of the Western Cape (February, 2009). 

Abojassim, A.A. "Radon Concentrations Measurement for Drinking Water in Kufa City /Iraq Using Active Detecting 
Method," Advances in Physics Theories and Applications 26 (2013). 

Al-Attiyah, K.H.H., and I.H. Kadhim. "Measurement and Study of Radioactive Radon Gas Concentrations in the 
Selected Samples of River Hilla / Iraq," Journal of Natural Sciences Research Vol. 3, No 14 (2013). 

Altshuler, B., and B. Pasternack. "Statistical Measures of the Lower Limit of Detection in a Radioactivity Counter," 
Health Physics 9:293-298 (1963). 

BEIR IV Committee. Health Effects of Radon and Other Alpha Emitters, National Academy Press, Washington, DC 
(1988). 

Burkhart, J.F., et al. "A Comparison of Current Collection/Sampling Techniques for Waterborne Radon Analysis", 
1991 Annual AARST National Fall Conference, II:255-271, Rockville, MD (October 1991). 

Burnett, W.C., et al. "Using high-resolution in situ radon measurements to determine groundwater discharge at a 
remote location: Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia," Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 296(1):97-103 
(April, 2005). 

Burnett W.C. et al. “Radon as a Tracer of Submarine Groundwater Discharge…”, Continental Shelf Research 26: 
862-873 (2006). 

Burnett, W.C., and N. Dimova. "A Radon-Based Mass Balance Model for Assessing Groundwater Inflows to 
Lakes," Global Environmental Studies 55-66 (2012). 

Burnett, W.C., R.N. Peterson, I.R. Santos, and R.W. Hicks. "Use of automated radon measurements for rapid 
assessment of groundwater flow into Florida streams," Journal of Hydrology 380(3-4):298-304 (January 30, 2010). 

Caulfield, C. Multiple Exposures: Chronicles of the Radiation Age, University of Chicago Press (1989). 

Cothern, C.R., and P.A. Rebers, editors. Radon, Radium, and Uranium in Drinking Water, Lewis Publishers, 
Chelsea, MI (1990). 

Crawford-Brown, D.J. "Analysis of the Health Risk from Ingested Radon," Chapter 2 in Cothern and Rebers (1990). 

Dimova, N.T. "Using Radon Isotopes for Studying Hydrological Processes in Marine and Aquatic Systems," 
Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertation, Florida State University (December 2, 2009). 

Dimova, N.T., et al. "Application of radon-222 to investigate groundwater discharge into small shallow lakes," 
Journal of Hydrology 486:112-122 (April 12, 2013). 

Duggal, V., A. Rani, and R. Mehra. "In situ measurements of radon levels in groundwater in Northern Rajasthan, 
India," Advances in Applied Science Research 3(6):3825-3830 (2012). 

Dulaiova, H. "Multiple Isotopic Tracers for Study of Coastal Hydrological Processes," Electronic Theses, Treatises 
and Dissertation, Florida State University (June 28, 2005). 

El-Gamal, A.A., R.N. Peterson, and W.C. Burnett. "Detecting Freshwater Inputs via Groundwater Discharge to 
Marina Lagoon, Mediterranean Coast, Egypt," Estuaries and Coasts 35(6):1486-1499 (November, 2012). 

El-Taher, A. "Measurement of radon concentration and their annual effective dose exposure in groundwater from 
Qassim area, Saudi Arabia," Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 1994-7887 (2012). 

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Содержание RAD H2O

Страница 1: ...RAD H2O Radon in Water Accessory for the RAD7 User Manual...

Страница 2: ...mful chemicals to use Once the procedure becomes familiar and well understood it will produce accurate results with minimal e ort It is assumed that the user has a good working knowledge of the RAD7 I...

Страница 3: ...or assembly 11 1 4 5 Finishing the Test 11 1 4 6 Interpreting the Results 11 Fig 5 RAD H2O printout 12 2 BACKGROUND 13 2 1 About Radon in Water 13 2 2 Health Risks Due to Waterborne Radon 13 2 3 Physi...

Страница 4: ...omparison of RAD H2O with Other Methods 23 5 4 Quality Assurance 23 Fig 7 Method Comparison 24 6 CARE MAINTENANCE and TROUBLESHOOTING 25 6 1 Warning on Pump Direction 25 6 2 Warning on Tipping the Aer...

Страница 5: ...DGE immediately at 978 667 9556 or email sales durridge com Continued on next page Section 1 Getting Started 5 RAD H2O Carrying Case Rugged Pelican brand case Dust proof and crushproof Sculpted foam i...

Страница 6: ...RAD H2O Aerator Cap Kit Aerator Cap x2 Tubing for 40mL and 250mL vials Indoor Faucet Adaptor Plastic adaptor 20 inch vinyl tubing Drying and Charcoal Tube Kit Small drying tubes x 4 Tube of activated...

Страница 7: ...the event that the tube connections to the instrument are reversed For more information on preventing water from entering the RAD7 see Section 6 2 Warning on Tipping the Aeration Unit Section 1 Getti...

Страница 8: ...e tube of desiccant which is connected to the aerator cap and supported by a clamp on the retort stand The components are connected to one another using the included tubing as shown in Fig 3 on the fo...

Страница 9: ...he laboratory drying unit to the RAD7 inlet with the inlet filter in place see RAD7 manual Purge the unit with fresh dry air for ten minutes After 10 minutes of purging with dry air push the Menu butt...

Страница 10: ...ht of the 6th 250mL vial The end of the glass frit should be 150mm or 4 7 16 from the bottom of the aerator cap Adjust it as necessary Pick the tube appropriate to the size of vial containing the wate...

Страница 11: ...ed for the small drying tube Continue the purge for another ten minutes Check the relative humidity as above and continue the purge until the relative humidity indication in the instrument drops to 6...

Страница 12: ...Fig 5 RAD H2O printout Section 1 Getting Started 12...

Страница 13: ...e public exposure to waterborne radon having discovered cases in which groundwater concentration exceeded 1 million pCi L Hess Federal action on the problem of radon in drinking water picked up in the...

Страница 14: ...m Radon is continually being created in the ground so that groundwater often has high radon content By contrast open water contains very little dissolved radium That together with the proximity of the...

Страница 15: ...shielded for high energy radiation and the residents are likely to spend significant periods of time in the radiation field Over time a long lived decay product lead 210 builds up in the column which...

Страница 16: ...l will continue to contain the radon that was measured If this radon is still present when you start a new measurement it will erroneously influence the next measurement This is of special concern whe...

Страница 17: ...ining radon from the system following the purge A small column containing 15 grams of activated carbon can remove up to 98 of the remaining radon from the RAD H2O system when connected in a closed loo...

Страница 18: ...orb a small fraction of the radon that passes through the system A small fraction of a very large amount can still be a significant amount The radon may desorb from these materials over many hours In...

Страница 19: ...exponential function with a time constant of 132 4 hours The mean life of a radon 222 atom is 132 4 hours which is the half life of 3 825 days multiplied by 24 hours per day divided by the natural lo...

Страница 20: ...2 295 111 2 313 112 2 330 113 2 348 114 2 366 115 2 384 116 2 402 117 2 420 118 2 438 119 2 457 120 2 475 121 2 494 122 2 513 123 2 532 124 2 551 125 2 571 126 2 590 127 2 610 128 2 629 129 2 649 130...

Страница 21: ...to detail you may be able to get the variation down to under 5 When taking a sample it is important that the water being sampled has never been in contact with air When sampling from a body of water i...

Страница 22: ...5 2 8 Relative Humidity If the RAD7 is thoroughly dried out before use the relative humidity inside the instrument will stay below 10 for the entire 30 minutes of the measurement If not then the humi...

Страница 23: ...ervatively estimated to reflect typical field usage The most demanding and patient RAD H2O operator should be able to reduce background to less than 0 02 cpm rather than the 0 10 cpm given in the tabl...

Страница 24: ...ute count 51 20 2 5 19 20 120 minute count 36 14 1 8 14 14 2 sigma uncertainty at 100 pCi L in pCi L 20 minute count 53 20 24 20 60 minute count 31 12 1 5 14 12 120 minute count 22 8 5 1 1 10 8 5 DL C...

Страница 25: ...sible water in or on the instrument it can be put in an oven at 50 C for a few hours to dry out completely Additionally desiccated air can be passed through the air path until the air leaving the RAD7...

Страница 26: ...mplished using the included Bypass Assembly which allows some air pressure to bypass the aerator and flow directly from the RAD7 outlet to the drying tube The RAD H2O Bypass Assembly should be connect...

Страница 27: ...at DURRIDGE Company The precise factor for any setup depends also on the choice and length of tubing For the most reliable assessment users should perform their own experiments with their own setup Co...

Страница 28: ...or 250 protocol In fact the two could be made with the same sample First make a normal RAD H2O measurement then without changing the physical setup change the preset WAT protocol to SNIFF bypass the a...

Страница 29: ...ironmental Studies 55 66 2012 Burnett W C R N Peterson I R Santos and R W Hicks Use of automated radon measurements for rapid assessment of groundwater flow into Florida streams Journal of Hydrology 3...

Страница 30: ...Hess C T and S M Beasley Setting up a Laboratory for Radon in Water Measurements Chapter 13 in Cothern and Rebers 1990 Hunkeler D et al Can 222Rn be sued as a partitioning tracer to detect mineral oil...

Страница 31: ...Products Inc Shallow Tray Low Profile Air Strippers and VOC and Radon Removal from Water pamphlets NEEP 17 Technology Drive West Lebanon NH 03734 1992 Prichard H M and T F Gesell Rapid Measurements of...

Страница 32: ...ng Water Reducing Your Exposure to Radon 570 9 91 600 June 1991 U S EPA Office of Drinking Water Radionuclides in Drinking Water Factsheet 570 9 91 700 June 1991 Vitz E Toward a Standard Method for De...

Страница 33: ...mpany Inc All rights reserved DURRIDGE the DURRIDGE logo and the Works with the DURRIDGE logo are trademarks of DURRIDGE Company Inc registered in the U S Note DURRIDGE frequently updates its product...

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