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6-2 Technical lnformation

386

Microprocessor

The mainboard uses a 386-33/40 microprocessor running at

33/40MHz.

The 386 is a high-performance 32-bit microprocessor designed for
multitasking operating systems. The processor can address up to 4
gigabytes of physical memory and 64 terabytes of virtual memory.

lt incorporates integrated memory management and protection in its

architecture in the form of address-translation registers, advanced
multitasking hardware, and a protect mechanism to support operating
systems. In addition, its object code is compatible with the Intel 8086

family of microprocessors.

The 386 has built-in features to support coprocessors, DMA and

interrupts (both maskable and non-maskable). It has two modes of

operation: real address mode and protected virtual address mode.

In real address mode, the 386 operates as a fast 8086 with a 32bit

extension if necessary. The protected virtual address mode is the
natural environment of the 386. Software can perform a task switch into

tasks designated as virtual 8088 mode tasks. Virtual 8086 tasks can

be isolated and protected from one another by use of paging and
I/O-permission bit mapping.

Math Coprocessor

The mainboard supports the 80387 and the Weitek 3167 numeric
coprocessors to accelerate processing of calculation-intensive tasks.

Chapter 6: Appendix

9

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Содержание Apex 386/40

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Страница 2: ...purpose The information in this document is subject to change without notice We assume no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document IBM PC IBM PC XT and IBM PC AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation MS DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Intel is a registered trademark of the Intel Corporation All other brand names are re...

Страница 3: ...eiver Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Any special accessories needed for compliance must be specified in the instruction manual Warning A shielded type power cord is required in order to meet FCC emission limits and also to prevent interference to nearby radii ...

Страница 4: ...ded if you open your system unit case up to reconfigure the system If you wish to reconfigure the computer at any time ensure that the power is turned OFF before changing any hardware set tings such as DIP switches or jumpers III ...

Страница 5: ...rating Your System shows you the basics of the MS DOS functions and the BIOS setup program Chapter 4 Keyboard explains the keyboards features layout and basic functions Chapter 5 Troubleshooting covers simple troubleshooting pro cedures and provides directions for additional help Chapter 6 Appendix provides some technical specifications for your system and shows you how to install disk drives Chap...

Страница 6: ... Start section at the beginning of chapter one Quick Start will provide you all the information you need to set up the hardware For the beginner Chapter 1 gives you the basic information you need to use this system Chapter 2 provides greater detail on the hardware and on how to upgrade your system Your system is quite simple to set up However if you are unsure of yourself find an experienced PC ha...

Страница 7: ...SystemUnit 7 1 7 Control Panel Reset Button 8 8 Turbo Button 8 Indicator Lights 8 Keylock 8 System Power Switch 9 1 8 Rear Panel 10 Keyboard Connector 11 Power Cord Connector 12 Display Port 13 Power Voltage Setting 14 1 9 Other Peripherals 16 1 10 Disk Drives 17 Floppy Disk Drives 18 Copy Protection 19 Hard Disks 2 0 1 11 Keyboard 21 1 12 Maintaining Your Equipment 22 vi ...

Страница 8: ...ocessor 5 Installing Numeric Coprocessor 5 ROM Installation 6 Main Memory Configuration 7 Total 32 bit Memory Switch Settings 6 Video Selection 19 2 3 Jumper Options and Connectors Functions of Connectors and Jumpers 10 11 Jumpers for Cache and Main Memory Configuration 14 2 4 Factory Default Settings 15 2 5 Connection to Power Supply 16 vii ...

Страница 9: ...Out What Is on a Disk 5 3 3 Hard Disk Drive Format 6 Step 1 Prefomatting 6 Step 2 Partitioning 6 Step3 Format 7 3 4 Helpful Hints 8 3 5 BIOS Utility and Setup 9 3 6 System BIOS 9 Hard Disk Preformat 1 0 System Utilities 1 0 Password 1 0 User defined Hard Disk Type 11 Shadow RAM 11 3 7 Setup Program 12 Entering the Setup Program 12 Running the Setup Program 14 Shadow RAM 17 Exiting the Program 17 3...

Страница 10: ...r 5 Troubleshooting 1 5 1 Troubleshooting Procedures 2 5 2 System Error Messages 7 5 3 Examples of System Error Messages 8 Chapter 6 Appendix 1 6 1 Disk Drives 2 Floppy Disk Drives 2 Hard Disk Drives 6 6 2 Technical Information 9 386 Microprocessor 9 Math Coprocessor 9 Memory Subsystem 10 6 3 Shadow RAM 1 1 6 4 Entering 33 40MHz Cache Mode 13 6 5 Quick Reference for Jumper Settings 14 6 6 Hard Dis...

Страница 11: ...Figure 1 13 Installing Floppy and Hard Disk Drives 17 Figure 1 14 Floppy Disk Specifications 18 Figure 1 15 Copy Protection for 3 5 Floppy Disk 19 Figure 1 16 Copy Protection for 5 25 Floppy Disk 19 Figure 1 17 Keyboard 21 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 1 Figure 2 1 Unpacking Your Main System 2 Figure 2 2 Motherboard Layout 4 Figure 2 3 Coprocessor Installation 6 Figure 2 4 SIMM type DRAM 7 Figu...

Страница 12: ...unctions of Special QWERTY Keys 7 Figure 4 10 Cursor Keys 8 Figure 4 11 Special Functions 8 Figure 4 12 Adjustment of Keyboard Angles 9 Chapter 6 Appendix 1 Figure 6 1 Fasten the Brackets on a Floppy Disk Drive 2 Figure 6 2 Installing the Floppy Disk Drives 3 Figure 6 3 Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive 4 Figure 6 4 Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive to an FDC Card 4 Figure 6 5 Cables for Disk Drives 5 F...

Страница 13: ...Chapter 1 System Overview ...

Страница 14: ...o wants to get to work as soon as possible the Quick Start section at the beginning of this chapter provides you all the information you need to set up the hardware If you want to upgrade your hardware later read Chapter 2 If you want to gain a more thorough understanding of your computer read the entire manual Note You may refer to the Glossary chapter for definitions of computer terminology Chap...

Страница 15: ...ly of CPUs The system uses a cache memory subsystem providing a small amount of fast memory SRAM and a large amount of slow memory DRAM This system is configured to so that all system memory is fast fast enough to support burst cycles and to complete bus cycles with no wait states The cache memory provides high performance at a cost approaching that of DRAM Quality flexibility and functionality ar...

Страница 16: ...computer observe the figure below to set up your personal computer You will still want to use this manual later as a reference book Note Save all packing materials in case you need to ship or resell your computer in the future Figure 1 1 Quick Start Chapter 1 System Overview 3 ...

Страница 17: ...emory support 64KB Write back cache update for O wait state memory write operations DTK or AMI BIOS support Shadow HAM function for BIOS and video One 32 bit memory expansion slot for the PEI 307 32 bit memory expansion card expanding 32 bit memory up to 16MB Six 16 bit AT compatible l O slots Two a bit AT compatible l O slots AT bus speed KEEN 3336 8MHz KEEN 4030 10MHz DALLAS DS1287 chip to maint...

Страница 18: ... 14 65 1 Power Meter MIPS V 1 7 9 4MIPS Norton SI V 6 0 42 9 1 4 Specifications CPU 386 microprocessor 33 40MHz RAM Subsystem of 1 MB 2MB 4MB SMB and 8MB ROM 64KB legal BIOS Expansion slots Six 16 hit slots and two 8 bit slots Power Size 165mm X 150mm X 150mm Options Math coprocessor 80387 33140 Weitek 3167 Chapter I System Overview 5 ...

Страница 19: ... system as your needs require Even if your system is different from the one pictured if should operate in the same basic manner Note Figure 1 2 System Configuration The illustrations of the system in this manual may look different from your system however their main features should be the same 6 Chapter 1 System Overview ...

Страница 20: ...1 6 System Unit The system unit may house a motherboard disk drives a power supply and optional expansion cards Power Button Reset Button Figure 1 3 System Unit Case Chapter I System Overview 7 ...

Страница 21: ...om the RAM test stage by pressing the reset button Note however that any data which have not been saved to disk will be lost Turbo Button The Turbo button allows you to change the operating speed of the microprocessor to accommodate software requirements Some software applications must be run at a slow clock speed lndicator Lights These lights indicate the operation status of your computer The red...

Страница 22: ...rd is disabled to deny unauthorized uses access to the computer Figure 1 5 Keylock and Two Security lock Keys System Power Switch The system power switch is located on the control panel You should always be certain that the power is turned off before modifying the hardware configuration in any way Chapter 1 System Overview 9 ...

Страница 23: ... all power switches before connecting or disconnecting cables wires En sure that cables wires are attached to the external device first and connected to the outlet unit later Turn the system unit power switch off before you plug the power cable into an electrical outlet Power Cord Outlet Figure 1 6 Rear Panel 10 Chapter 7 System Overview ...

Страница 24: ...tor The keyboard supplied with your system can be plugged into sockets in the rear of the case plug the keyboard cable into the socket as shown below Figure 1 7 Connecting the Keyboard Cab Chapter 1 System Overview 11 ...

Страница 25: ...Power Cord Connector The power supply has two receptacles one supplies power to a monitor the other connects to the main power source Figure 1 8 System Power Cord 12 Chapter I System Overview ...

Страница 26: ...ice of the following video standards MGA Monochrome Graphics Adapter also referred to as CGA Color Graphics his Adapter EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter VGA Video Graphics Adapter Your monitor power plug may not fit the system unit s monitor power outlet lf not connect the monitor cable to a wall electrical outlet Refer to the figures below for mono and color display connections Ground Secondary Red ...

Страница 27: ...can run on either 115V or 230V as indicated in the figure below The voltage setting switch is located above the monitor power outlet Refer to Figure 1 11 for power cord specifications Figure 1 10 Voltage Switch 14 Chapter 1 System Overview ...

Страница 28: ... specification of the power cord used Power Source Cord Specification 115v UL listed SVT SJT type three conductor rated 10A 125V 15ft in length Appropriate approval listed in that 230v specific country three conductor rated 6A 250v HAR 230v U S A only UL listed SVT SJT type three conductor rated 6A 250v 15ft in length Figure 1 11 Power Cord Specifications Chapter 1 System Overview 15 ...

Страница 29: ...s or peripheral manuals to determine which ports are to be used You may consult your dealer for more about the expansion cards available for your system Typical peripherals are shown in the illustration below Figure 1 12 System Unit Connected to Peripherals 16 Chapter 1 System Overview ...

Страница 30: ...ll up to six disk drives in the system unit of either with 5 25 or 3 5 sizes More information about how to install disk drives may be found in Chapter 6 Figure 1 13 Installing Floppy and Hard Disk Drives Chapter 1 System Overview 17 ...

Страница 31: ... of data One high density 3 5 floppy disk can store up to 144MB of data Capacity Quality Tracks Per Inch 5 5 3 5 Double Density DD DS RH 48 TPI 360 KB 720 KB High Density DH 96 TPI 1 2 MB 1 44 MB Figure 1 14 Floppy Disk Specifications Note Only highdensity floppy disks can be formatted to high capacities of either 1 2M for 5 25 or 1 44M for 3 5 floppy disks You may lose data if you use a low densi...

Страница 32: ...y disk to expose the hole Refer to the figures below for how to copy protect floppy disks When a disk is copy protected you cannot add new information to it or change any information on it To enable copying to the disk remove the copy protecting tab on a 5 25 floppy disk or slide the tab to expose the hole on a 3 5 floppy disk Figure 1 15 Copy Protection for 3 5 Floppy Disk Figure 1 16 Copy Protec...

Страница 33: ...ties it is best to use a hard disk A hard disk can raise your efficiency because the hard disk keeps programs and data available at your fingertips Moreover your system gives you a wide range of hard disk s of 3 5 or 5 25 to meet your needs half high or full high 20 Chapter 1 System Overview ...

Страница 34: ...board has a set of function keys cursor keys and a numeric keypad The figure below shows a typical keyboard Refer to Chapter 4 for a more detailed description of the keyboard Figure 1 17 Keyboard Chapter 1 System Overview 21 ...

Страница 35: ...chanical power failure or damage do not attempt to repair the system unit monitor s cables wires Refer all such problems to experienced service personnel Ensure that the back of the system unit is at least 3 away from anything that might obstruct the ventilation outlets and cause overheating Ensure that the power source is grounded correctly This product is equipped with a 3 wire grounding type pl...

Страница 36: ...Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 37: ... chapter With the system set up you are now ready to load your application software and begin to work This chapter covers topics you are less likely to need to know tight away You may also skip this chapter unless you want to add to or alter your system unit hardware yourself lt is recommended to have your dealer or technician upgrade your system if you are a novice Be sure that the power is off b...

Страница 38: ...the unit This is easily accomplished with the following tools a small flat blade screwdriver and a small Philips screwdriver Be sure that the power to the system is switched off before you open the case Your computer interior is as show below Figure 2 1 Unpacking Your Main System 2 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 39: ...mend that you observe the restrictions mentioned below 27256 EPROM BIOS with 150ns access time 1MbitX9 SIMM DRAM with 80ns access time 256KbitX9 SIMM DRAM with 80ns access time PEM3335D S 16KbitX4 SOJ Cache RAM SRAM with data 25ns tag 20ns access time PEM4035D S 16KbitX4 SOJ Cache RAM SRAM with data 20ns tag 15ns access time Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 3 ...

Страница 40: ...Board Layout The figure below will familiarize you with the layout of the Cache 386 33 40MHz mainboard Figure 2 2 Motherboard Layout 4 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 41: ...35DS 4035DS mainboard Installing Numeric Coprocessor The mainboard supports the 80387 and Weitek 3167 numeric coprocessors The coprocessor chip should be inserted into the coprocessor socket U39 with the notch on the package oriented in the same direction as the corresponding notch on the socket The jumper J11 should be shorted if an 80387 or Weitek 3167 is not installed and opened if either one o...

Страница 42: ...oprocessor Installation ROM lnstallation To install the ROM chips refer to the illustration on page 4 for the location of the DIP sockets on the mainboard ROM access time is 150ns 6 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 43: ...nsertion Remember that when inserting chips RAM modules you must make sure the notched or dotted end of the chip RAM module is lined up with the notched end of the socket Gently push the chip RAM module into the socket and be careful not to bend the pins See the figure below Notch Figure 2 4 SIMM type DRAM Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 7 ...

Страница 44: ...ory must cor respond to the physical memory installed onboard The switch setting of the PEI307 must correspond to the physical memory installed on the card If you don t have a 16 bit memory extension card the switch setting for total 32 bit memory must be for an amount larger than or equal to total installed memory including onboard 32bit memory and 32 bit memory on the PEI 307 For example if the ...

Страница 45: ...ion memory card to the mainboard total 32 hit memory must match the switch set ting for total onboard 32 bit memory plus that on the PEI 307 32 bit extension memory card For example if the switch setting for total 32 hit memory is 6MB you ll have to fill out the complete 6MB 5MB onboard and 1 MB on the PEI 307 card on the system before you can add a 16 bit extension memory card Otherwise there wil...

Страница 46: ...f switch which uses a plastic cap with a metal interior to connect short two pins If a jumper needs to be left open you should save the cap for future use by covering only one pin of the jumper This has no effect on the function of the board while it keeps the cap handy The illustration below shows the side and top views of a three pin jumper in which pins two and three are shorted Side View Pin 1...

Страница 47: ...mper J1 This connector connects the reset switch to your control panel If you encounter any problems while using unfamiliar software you can always restart from the beginning by pressing the reset button Note however that any data which have not been saved to a disk will be lost Turbo LED Connector Jumper J2 Jumper J2 is used to enable the Turbo LED The Turbo LED in the hardware switch indicates o...

Страница 48: ...modes can also be toggled with a software switch invoked from the keyboard as shown below Speaker Connector Jumper J4 This connector uses only two lines for the internal speaker The pin assignments are listed below Keyboard Lock Power LED Jumper J5 This connector attaches the keyswitch to your control panel and also provide a signal to the power LED The pin assignments are listed below 12 Chapter ...

Страница 49: ...ector may be used The pin assignments for keyboard connector J13 are as follows 1 Keyboard CIOck 4 Ground Power Supply Connector Jumper 514 This connector is provided for the power supply It is important that this connector be correctly connected if not the mainboard may be damaged Information on connecting your power supply may be found in the Connection to Power Supply section Chapter 2 Setting ...

Страница 50: ... this page shows the jumper and switch settings for different onboard memory DRAM configurations Switch SW1 is located on the mainboard Two banks of main memory are on the mainboard BANK 0 and BANK 1 Each bank accommodates the 32 bit wide data bus BANK 0 must be installed first Note means ON and means OFF Figure 2 8 DRAM Configurations 14 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 51: ...t settings and make experimen tal modifications from that point The following table shows the factory default settings Jumper Short or Switch or Switch Function J3 High Speed 33 40MHz J11 Coprocessor Not Installed SW1 1 3 Onboard 2MB Main Memory SW1 4 Monochrome Display Figure 2 9 Factory Defaulf Settings Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 15 ...

Страница 52: ...inboard at connector J14 Be sure the four black wires of the power supply are located at the middle of the power connector Refer to the figure below Pin 1 is shown in the picture for your convenience To power supply Four black wires are in the middle Mainboard Power supply connector Figure 2 10 Connecting to a Power Supply 16 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 53: ...The pinouts of power connector J14 are as follows Figure 2 11 Power Supply Pinouts Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 17 ...

Страница 54: ...Chapter 3 Operating Your System ...

Страница 55: ... there is the application software that you use for work and play Finding application software is a simple matter of going to your nearest PC store The first half of this chapter shows you the basics of the MS DOS functions However this is not an MS DOS manual lt mentions only a few of the DOS functions available To learn more about DOS refer to your MS DOS User s Guide and Reference manual includ...

Страница 56: ...rompts displayed on the monitor Starting DOS when the computer is on lf you don t have a DOS disk in your disk drive when you start your computer you will see the following message on the screen following the RAM test Non system disk or disk error Replace and strike any key when ready Then you should Insert DOS disk 1 into disk drive A and close the drive lever Press the reset button on your front...

Страница 57: ...floppy disk before it can be used To format a disk with the same capacity in drive A type the following C Format A Enter To format a disk with a lower capacity use the f xxx line XXX means the capacity of your floppy disk lf your network disk drives are unable to detect the capacity of a floppy disk For example lf drive A is a 1 2MB 5 25 drive and you want to format a 360K disk in it use the follo...

Страница 58: ...ette on a two floppy disk drive system At the A prompt type the following A diskcopy a b Press Enter and respond to the prompts on your screen Backing up a diskette on a single floppy disk drive system At the A prompt type the following A diskcopy Press Enter and respond to the prompts on your screen After your target disk has been copied you will see the following prompt Copy another diskette Y N...

Страница 59: ...Out What is on a Disk lf you want to find out what files are on a disk you can list its directory by using the DIR command lf you want to display the directory of the disk in drive A you would use the following command DIR A After you hit the enter key all the file information will display on the screen lf you use the DIR command without a drive letter MS DOS lists the directory of the disk which ...

Страница 60: ...elp you partition your hard disk for MS DOS With the FDISK command you can create a primary partition create an extended partition change the active partition delete a partition display partition data and select the next fixed disk drive for partitioning on a system with multiple fixed disks lf your system has more than one hard disk drive you can use Fdisk to create and modify partitions on any d...

Страница 61: ...he command should be keyed in as A FORMAT D lf you want to use partition 1 drive C as the startup disk you have to specify the s option when formatting the disk You can use this system disk to boot your system later Note that you don t need to perform this procedure if you want to use new partitions for other operating systems like Xenix Novell or Unix Refer to their manuals for details Chapter 3 ...

Страница 62: ...ying the name of a drive Spell the filename correctly Use the appropriate extension such as DOC or EXE Refer to the DOS Reference manual for additional informa tion if a command still doesn t work Print the contents of a disk if you have a printer and keep the list with the diskette All commands except DISKCOPY and DISKCOMP are files that will work on both diskettes and hard disk drives The date a...

Страница 63: ...our system BIOS is fully compatible with IBM BIOS that contains a POST Power on Self Test the following In addition this system BIOS supports device drivers for standard AT system components such as fixed disks monitors keyboards and coprocessor s 360KB 1 2MB 720KB and 1 44MB floppy drives a low level fixed disk format utility three system utilities a calculator a hard disk park and a timer system...

Страница 64: ...n your system BIOS These utilities are enabled by the setup program Note You have to disable these utilities before you can run any diagnostic software These utilities can be used in the text display mode only When these utilities are enabled base memory will be reduced by 7KB Password You may create a password with the setup program to deny un authorized users access to the computer When a passwo...

Страница 65: ... hard disk type 48 or 49 When the system is rebooted the hard disk in your system will work Shadow RAM Your motherboard supports 128KB of hardware shadow RAM This system BIOS supports additional software shadow RAM configura tions Configurations are made in the setup program When the self test is completed the system will automatically enable shadow RAM When the system self test is completed a mes...

Страница 66: ...etup Program You will need to press Fl to enter the setup program when your computer is turned on for the first time the non rechargeable battery is dead the hardware configuration is changed lf the battery for CMOS chip is dead or the system configuration does not match your actual hardware configuration you will have to recon figure your system The computer will give you this screen message Pres...

Страница 67: ...ears the following message will appear on the screen SETUP utility will be starting When the system self test is completed the setup program will fake over Once you have entered the setup program you will see the following initial screen ROM SETUP PROGRAM VERSION 2 0 C COPYRIGHT DATATECH ENTERPRISES CO LTD 1990 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1 SET UP SYSTEM COFIGURATION 2 PREFORMAT HARD DISK 3 SET UP BUILT I...

Страница 68: ... make sure to set the correct parameters Consult your computer dealer if you are in doubt as to which rate to choose Setting Up Utilities If you choose item 3 you may enable or disable system utilities The timer has two basic functions 1 Current time can be turned off set to display on the hour or set to display constantly 2 An alarm can be set for each hour half an hour or turned Off If the calcu...

Страница 69: ... and 4 decimal business calculator After YOU start the calculator the screen will appear as below Figure 3 2 Calculator The calculator is virtually the same as most business calculators The table on the next page shows the key functions Chapter 3 Operating Your System 15 ...

Страница 70: ...displayed and memory values will clear the displayed value equal to GT grand total sign change will toggle sign of the number Figure 3 3 Key Functions of Calculator l if you press Ctrl Alt 5 on the numeric keypad and select HDISK PARK the HDISK PARK utility can park your hard disk Do this before moving your computer to prevent data loss or damage to your hard disk 16 Chapter 3 Operating Your Syste...

Страница 71: ...u have select item 5 to configure a userdefined hard disk type You should key in the specifications of your hard disk e g cylinders heads and sectors tracks When you finish keying in these numbers this user defined option may be used and will be defined as type 48 or 49 Note The cylinder number can be greater than 1024 Shadow RAM Shadow RAM can reduce the read time for system BIOS or video BIOS th...

Страница 72: ...re 8742 Error Indicates an 8742 controller failure Check Battery Indicates a system backup battery disconnection or power loss RTC Checksum Error Indicates that the system configuration is not available Refresh Indicator Error Indicates that the system memory refresh does not work Base 64K Memory Error Indicates that the system s first 64K memory does not work FDC Error User Check Indicates that t...

Страница 73: ... Indicates that the NMI circuit has detected a RAM parity error System Memory Mismatch Run SETUP Indicates a mismatch of memory size in the CMOS RAM as well as onboard You need to run the setup program Display Card Mismatch Run SETUP Indicates a mismatch of a recorded type in the CMOS RAM as well as onboard You need to run the setup program Chapter 3 Operating Your System 19 ...

Страница 74: ...Capter 4 Keyboard ...

Страница 75: ...your keyboard and its functions how to adjust your keyboard angles A computer keyboard sends messages from you to the computer It has QWERTY keys Function keys Cursor control keys A numeric keypad Special keys Keyboard indicator lights Chapter 4 Keyboard 1 ...

Страница 76: ...patible computers The most popular are the PC keyboard the PC AT keyboard and the enhanced keyboard Figure 4 1 below illustrates the basic layout of a typical enhanced keyboard Function Keys QWERTY Key Area Cursor Control Numeric Keys Keypad Figure 4 1 Keyboard Layout 2 Chapter 4 Keyboard ...

Страница 77: ...e left or at the top of the keyboard Function keys have specially defined uses preassigned by the software you use They are used independently or in combination with other keys Figure 4 2 Function Keys Numeric Keypad This is located on the right of the keyboard At the center of the keypad are nine numeric keys These keys are used to move the cursor as well as to enter numbers when either the Caps ...

Страница 78: ...s activated Activating Num Lock makes 5 operative Activating Num Lock makes 6 operative Otherwise the cursor key is activated Activating Num Lock makes 1 operative Otherwise end moves the cursor to the end of the line it is on Activating Num Lock makes 2 operative Otherwise the cursor key is activated Activating Num Lock makes 3 operative Otherwise page down is activated Activating Num Lock makes ...

Страница 79: ...r functions are explained as follows Figure 4 5 Indicator Lights Caps Lock When this light is on characters are in uppercase mode Num Lock When this light is off the cursor control function of the numeric keypad is disabled and the numeric mode is activated Scroll Lock When this light is on text can be scrolled without moving the cursor Chapter 4 Keyboard 5 ...

Страница 80: ...cial keys on your keyboard Figure 4 6 Special Keys Check out the above key functions in the table below and in Figure 4 4 Used with alphanumeric keys to enter BASIC key words Figure 4 7 Functions of Special Keys 6 Chapter 4 Keyboard ...

Страница 81: ...on Performs a tab function similar to that of a typewriter Changes lowercase letters to capitals Moves cursor back one space and erases characters Pressing this key activates uppercase letters pressing it again activates lowercase letters Figure 4 9 Functions of Special QWERTY Keys Chapter 4 Keyboard 7 ...

Страница 82: ...s move the cursor in the indicated direction Figure 4 10 Cursor Keys Key Combinations The keys shown below have special functions when pressed simul taneously Keys Function Figure 4 11 Special Functions 8 Chapter 4 Keyboard ...

Страница 83: ...ard Tilt Adjustment Under the rear of the keyboard are two small legs that can be pulled out or pushed in to change the keyboard angles to suit you Figure 4 12 Adjustment of Keyboard Angles Chapter 4 Keyboard 9 ...

Страница 84: ...Chapter 5 Troubleshooting ...

Страница 85: ... But if some problems do occur more likely than not you will be able to solve them by referring to this chapter No matter whether you are a new or experienced user you should become familiar with the material in this chapter For detailed explanations of computer problems and how to solve them you are urged to buy personal computer troubleshooting books from your nearest hardware or software dealer...

Страница 86: ...f possible remove the fan obstructions Turn on the system again If the noise continues listen to the ball bearings inside the fan housing If the noise is coming from what appears to be a worn bearing you may need to replace the power supply Consult your dealer or a technician for help Monitor Does Not Turn On If your monitor does not appear to be working properly continue reading this section Othe...

Страница 87: ...ad to the next section Open your system unit and check whether the power cable between the power supply and the hard disk is connected properly If the voltage appears to be acceptable your hard disk may be defective Consult your computer dealer or a qualified technician Noisy Hard Disk If your hard disk appears to be making noise check the following System with One Hard Disk Remove the power conne...

Страница 88: ...play card which is in good working order If the substitute card works properly you may need to replace or repair your display card If after all these steps you have failed to find the cause of the problem you may need to check your motherboard Consult your computer dealer or a qualified technician for assistance RAM Test Fails If your computer fails to pass the RAM test after you start your comput...

Страница 89: ...e problem you may need to replace your motherboard Consult your computer dealer or a qualified technician System Does Not Beep after Startup If you have this problem open your system unit and check whether the speaker on the inside of the chassis is connected firmly to the mother board If the speaker still does not work properly you may need to replace your motherboard Consult your computer dealer...

Страница 90: ...s a refrigerator or air conditioner Also it is highly advisable to purchase a surge suppressor This is a set of electric sockets enclosed in a single housing A surge suppressor prevents sudden pulses of high electric power spikes from damaging the computer This appliance is inexpensive and can be purchased at any computer or electronic hardware store Other items worth checking Are you using a star...

Страница 91: ...oot the computer If the problem persists you will need to contact the software dealer from whom you purchased the package He she should replace the pack age depending on the service contract or have it repaired Hardware problems These problems are related to the computer s internal components your monitor mouse or printer Hardware problems are usually ones that the user cannot solve alone Professi...

Страница 92: ...m persists contact your software dealer System does not boot This can be caused by defective hardware or a faulty system disk Turn off your computer and try again If unsuccessful try using your backup system disk because your working disk may be damaged If the problem persists you might have a hardware problem You should contact the dealer from whom you purchased your computer Monitor displays gar...

Страница 93: ...Chapter 6 Appendix ...

Страница 94: ...nformation on moving your computer This manual is not a technical reference manual This appendix provides some technical information about your system but if you need more check out a technical library or bookstore You will find technical reference books in most bookstores Chapter 6 Appendix 1 ...

Страница 95: ...structions below to do so Be certain to refer to the manuals for both the disk drive and the controller card for any additional specific information regarding them that may be of importance Floppy Disk Drives To install or remove floppy disk drives follow the step below l Open the system unit case as described on Figure 2 1 l Screw the metal guides to the disk drive as shown below Figure 6 2 Faste...

Страница 96: ... Floppy and Hard Disk Drives Next connect the floppy hard disk controller cable and one of the four cables from the power supply The power cable is simple to connect simply plug it in to the correct adapter The shape of the plug ensures that no mistakes will be made Chapter 6 Appendix 3 ...

Страница 97: ...Figure 6 3 Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive Drive B Figure 6 4 Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive to an FDC Card 4 Chapter 6 Appendix ...

Страница 98: ...d on the card See the figure below To Pin 1 of FDC Connector To Drive A To Pin 1 of HDC Connector To Drive D Figure 6 5 Cables for Disk Drives Follow the same procedure for any additional drives you want to install Removal To remove a drive just reverse the procedure described above Dis connect the cables undo the screws and slide the drive out Chapter 6 Appendix 5 ...

Страница 99: ...e is similar to that for a floppy disk drive First fasten the bracket on the drive Figure 6 6 Fasten the Brackets on a Hard Disk Drive Next place the disk drive inside the bay and fasten the brackets to the chassis Refer to Figure 6 2 6 Chapter 6 Appendix ...

Страница 100: ...Figure 6 7 Connecting a Hard Disk Drive Figure 68 Connecting a Hard Disk to an HDC Card Chapter 6 Appendix 7 ...

Страница 101: ... it is impossible to make a mistake The two hard disk controller cables are of diferent sizes the red wires on the cables should be connected so that they are toward the central portion of the case Removal To remove a hard disk drive reverse the procedure described above Disconnect the cables undo the mounting screws slide the drive out and remove the mounting guides 8 Chapter 6 Appendix ...

Страница 102: ...ith the Intel 8086 family of microprocessors The 386 has built in features to support coprocessors DMA and interrupts both maskable and non maskable It has two modes of operation real address mode and protected virtual address mode In real address mode the 386 operates as a fast 8086 with a 32bit extension if necessary The protected virtual address mode is the natural environment of the 386 Softwa...

Страница 103: ...y Specification EMS compatible Expanded Memory Manager EMM software and an application program that is capable of working with the EMM software The EMM software first finds a 64KB page frame in the unused part of system memory divides the frame into four 16KB windows and swaps in four 16KB pages from diferent areas of the additional physical memory The additional page memory used along with an EMS...

Страница 104: ...d for video BIOS shadow RAM BIOS and video addresses are allocated for shadow RAM Both sections are 84KB in size Refer to the table below for more informa tion 6MB Byte System BIOS EOOOOH DOOOOH COOOOH 64KB Byte Video BIOS Figure 6 9 Shadow RAM A reserved 128K DRAM space is allocated for shadow RAM You can also use it for another purpose if these functions are disabled Refer to the Shadow RAM Cont...

Страница 105: ...ote 1 If your adapter uses extended memory area as non cacheable memory in the same way as dual port memory you have to configure the non cacheable memory after the cacheable area is set by means of SW1 1 3 2 lf your adapter BIOS is located at 0C8000H 0CFFFFH within 0C0000H 0CFFFFH and cannot be cached you should move the address to a noncacheable area like 0D0000H 0DFFFFH or disable the video sha...

Страница 106: ...n lower speed by holding down the control Ctrl and alternate Alt keys on the keyboard while pressing the minus key The Turbo LED on the control panel will light in Turbo mode Hardware Switch When pins 1 and 2 of jumper J3 are connected by the switch on the control panel push the hardware switch off to enter Turbo mode and push it on to enter Normal mode The Turbo LED will light in Turbo mode Chapt...

Страница 107: ...or Jumper Settings J1 Reset Connector J2 Turbo LED Connector J3 Turbo Connector J4 Speaker Connector J5 Keyboard Lock Power LED J11 Coprocessor Option J13 Keyboard Connector J14 Power Supply Connector 14 Chapter 6 Appendix ...

Страница 108: ...Type Cylinder Head 6 6 Hard Disk Types Supported Sector Track Pre Comp Land Zone Chapter 6 Appendix 15 ...

Страница 109: ...Chapter 7 Glossary ...

Страница 110: ...there will be an address conflict ASCII This is an acronym for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange The ASCII code includes both control and graphic characters and is used for exchang ing information between data processing systems data communication systems and related equipment asynchronous communication A type of information vehicle whereby data can be trans mitted at any time...

Страница 111: ...ter If the I O channel is 32 bit this means the data travels at least twice as fast as data on a 16 bit data bus byte A group of data units forming a single unit of data There are eight bits in a single byte clock processing speed This measurement usually given in MHz megahertz tells how fast the microprocessor in your computer hand les data The higher the number the faster your com puter CMOS Thi...

Страница 112: ... used to describe computer related information debug A method for correcting computer errors default This is an existing setting in a computer DIP This is an acronym for Dual In line Package which is a method for packaging integrated circuits directory A directory works like a desk drawer to keep files It contains not only your files but also the information on the size of the file and the dates t...

Страница 113: ...pheral device and a computer function harmoniously a hard disk driver controls exchan ges between a hard disk and a computer error message This is an audible or visual indication of hardware or software malfunction or an illegal data entry attempt execute It means to carry out an instruction or perform a routine expanded memory It is memory beyond DOS s 640KB limit Expanded memory is necessary whe...

Страница 114: ...er HZ Hertz This signifies one complete cycle of a wave signal I O Input Output The transfer of data between the computer and its peripheral components IC Integrated Circuit It is also called a chip It is a tiny com plex of electronic components and their connections produced on a chip of semiconductor material An IC can hold many electronic elements interface A means for electronic machines to co...

Страница 115: ...er communicate with other computers over telephone lines monitor It is a device for display motherboard It is the main printed circuit board in the system case It is also known as a mainboard or systemboard MS DOS The Microsoft Disk Operating System This is the most popular operating system for IBM PCs and compatibles network A network lets everyone in your group communicate with one another or sh...

Страница 116: ...munication channel between a computer and its peripheral components POST This is an acronym for power on self test that test all parts of the computer every time you turn on the system printed circuit board An electronic circuit board sandwiched between fiberglass plates program A series of instructions that command the computer to perform certain tasks PROM It is an acronym for programmable read ...

Страница 117: ...ly Although this system has been designed to be as foolproof as an ordinary television set a careful read ing of this section will help you to ensure the long life and troublefree operation of your computer shadow RAM It allows faster execution of BIOS by transferring BIOS from EPROM to RAM It Executes BIOS through RAM at the same address as the BIOS EPROM software Computer programs such as a word...

Страница 118: ...o display characters or graphics on a CRT virtual disk Also referred to as a RAM disk this is a portion of memory used to simulate a physical disk wait state Wait states are pauses Zero wait state means there are no pauses when the contents of the memory chips are being read window An independent screen that can be invoked onto the monitor and in which data can be viewed altered or stored Chapter ...

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