SP000028
Accumulator
Page 6
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The accumulator is a gas-charged storage device designed to
hold a reserved quantity of hydraulic fluid under pressure.
Accumulators are used in hydraulic circuits in as much the
same way as condensers (or capacitors) are used to collect,
store and maintain electrical charge in a circuit.
In a hydraulic circuit, minor variations or lags in pump output
that might cause unsteady or irregular operation are made up
from the supply of pressurized oil in the accumulator.
Accumulators are solidly constructed to resist high operating
pressures of the fluids they contain. There are only three main
moving parts: a plug at the top allows precharging or expelling
gas from the compressible, precharged upper chamber; a
valve assembly at the bottom of the accumulator for passing
hydraulic fluid in and out, and an elastic diaphragm to separate
the two chambers. The flexible diaphragm changes shape to
conform to the changing pressures and volumes of the two
fluids in the upper and lower chambers.
The drawings in Figure 2 display the six possible states the
diaphragm can be in, they are as follows:
1.
With no gas charge in the upper chamber 0 bar (0 psi,
empty) and no oil in the bottom 0 bar (0 psi, dry) the
elastic diaphragm hangs loosely.
2.
When the prepressure charge of gas (usually nitrogen) is
introduced through the port at the top of the accumulator,
the diaphragm expands to maximum size. The valve
button in the center of the diaphragm pushes into the fluid
opening in the bottom chamber, sealing off the lower
valve. If the pressure of the gas charge exceeds system
oil pressure, no fluid enters the accumulator. The button
also keeps the diaphragm from protruding into the lower
valve opening.
NOTE:
Precharge pressure is referred to as the "P1"
pressure. The accumulator manufacturer's "P1"
rated pressure should be stamped or marked on
the accumulator's rating plate. Annual checks of
actual precharge pressure should be made by
tapping a hydraulic pressure gauge (and 3-way
adapter coupling) into the valve on the bottom
of the accumulator. When hydraulic fluid is
pushed out the lower valve opening by the
pressure of the gas charge on the other side of
the diaphragm - and there is no
counterpressure from system oil - the valve
1
2
3
4
ARS1790L
Figure 1
Reference
Number
Description
1
Screw Plug
2
Steel Pressure Vessel
3
Diaphragm
4
Fluid Valve
1
2
3
6
5
4
Nitrogen
ARS1800L
Pressure Fluid
Figure 2
Содержание 50001
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