Ellerman Bomb:
A
remarkable f eature of
Emerging Flux
Regions is the
Ellerman bomb.
Bright points with very
broad H-alpha wings (±5Å) that are low in the atmosphere so they are
not visible on H al pha cente rline. Called ' moustaches' fo r their
appearance on spe ctrograph, they ap pear spectroscopically li ke wi de
moustaches with a gap i n the mi ddle. This strange and tiny feature
typically occurs at the center of the EFR or in the edg es of spots - where
the field is breaking the surface.
Solar Flares
are intense, abrupt releases of energy which occur in areas
where the magnetic field is chan ging by flux e mergence or sunspot
motion. Stre sses in line s of force b uild up slowly a nd a re released in
flares. They occur mo st freque ntly at n eutral li nes where a fila ment is
supported by hori zontal sheared field lines. Thi s e vent can o nly take
place along a magnetic inversion line. When many lines of force are
involved, two ribbons of emission appear, brightening simultaneously.
Emerging Flux
Regions:
An area on
the Sun where a
magnetic di pole, or
"flux tube" is
surfacing on the disk,
eventually p roducing
a bipolar sunspot group. Each p ole of an EFR is often marked by pore s
or small d eveloping su nspots. Surge s or even small sol ar fla res can
sometimes occur in EFRs. An EFR emerges with small bright H region
with little surges, then weak a rch filaments (AFS ) over brig ht plage
connect small spots on each dipole. Growth is rapid, forming in just a few
hours.
