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Содержание FX-730P

Страница 1: ...opying of all or any portion of this manual is strictly forbidden Please be aware that the use of this manual for other than personal use without permission from CASIO is prohibited under the copyrighting law CASIO Computer Co Ltd shall not be held responsible for any damages or losses resulting from the use of this manual ...

Страница 2: ...storage of numeric expressions to enable outputting calculation results by inputting the necessary numeric values By using this function you can easily make numeric calculations without any special BASIC program The third feature is the DATA BANK function which permits the use of this computer as an electronic memo pad Unlike a paper memo pad which requires laborious efforts later to put the indiv...

Страница 3: ...ect units other than the FA 3 FA 5 SB 42 and FP l 2S to the connector portion Although the display sometimes becomes faint while the buzzer is sounding it is not a malfunction However if the display becomes very faint replace the batteries with new ones as soon as possible Every two years replace the batteries with new ones even if the computer is not used Do not leave exhausted batteries inside i...

Страница 4: ...puter was purchased or a nearby dealer Before seeking service please read this manual again check the power supply check the program for logic errors etc Note that the manufacturer assumes no responsibility for any loss or claims by third parties which may arise through use of this unit Note that the manufacturer assumes no responsibility for any damages incurred as a result of data program loss c...

Страница 5: ...s 23 2 4 Function Calculations 24 2 5 Statistical Calculations 36 CHAPTER 3 Using the Function Memory 3 1 Calculations with the Same Formula 44 3 2 Utilization for Preparing Tables 47 CHAPTER 4 Programming with BASIC Language 4 1 Writing Programs 52 4 2 Executing a Program 55 4 3 Variables 57 4 4 Method of Calculating the Program Length 64 4 5 Convenient Techniques 65 4 6 Error Messages and Debugg...

Страница 6: ...Command Reference 6 1 Manual Commands 99 NEW ALL 99 RUN 100 LIST 101 PASS 103 SAVE ALL 105 LOAD ALL 106 VERIFY 107 CLEAR 107 6 2 Program Commands 108 END 108 STOP 108 LET 109 REM 110 INPUT 111 KEY 113 PRINT 114 CSR 115 GOTO 116 ON GOTO 117 IF THEN 118 FOR TO STEP NEXT 119 GOSUB 121 RETURN 122 ON GOSUB 122 ...

Страница 7: ...135 MODE 136 STAT CLEAR 137 STAT 137 STAT LIST 138 SET 139 6 3 Character Functions 140 LEN 140 MID 141 VAL 142 STR 143 6 4 Numeric Functions 144 SIN COS TAN 144 ASN ACS ATN 145 HYPSIN HYPCOS HYPTAN 146 HYPASN HYPACS HYPATN 147 LOG LN 148 EXP 148 SQR 149 CUR 149 ABS 150 SGN 150 INT 151 vii ...

Страница 8: ...Y 159 6 6 Others 160 RAN 160 DEG 161 DMS 162 HEX 163 H 164 6 7 DATA BANK Commands 166 NEW 166 LIST 166 SAVE 168 LOAD 169 READ 170 RESTORE 172 WRITE 174 CHAPTER 7 Convenient DATA BANK Function 7 1 Specifying the MEMO IN Mode 178 7 2 Inputting Data 179 7 3 Displaying the Data Contents 182 7 4 Correcting Data 183 ...

Страница 9: ...1 7 7 Adding and Inserting Data 192 7 8 Searching Using a Program 195 7 9 Application to Tabular Calculations 197 7 10 Combining with the Function Memory 201 Appendix Character Code Table 204 Numeric Functions 205 Error Messages 208 Specifications 211 Index 214 ix ...

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Страница 11: ...d a computer or are already familiar with computers it is recommended that you first read this chapter care fully The quicker you become familiar with the configuration of the computer the quicker you will be able to use it properly ...

Страница 12: ... Fuocti Memo Y I IU OP 12 0 I 1 ctJ ctJ lYJ cm O TN C OG 00 Mi iJ STR i READO RESTORE p 1 CD Display window Alphabet keys Shift key Display contrast Function memory keys Function key J Numeral keys Decimal point key OJ B EJRECC I l J rn 00 8c EXE J I HE i 1 I I I 1 CV Exponent key Execution key jJ Calculation command keys Connector for peripherals Power switch Mode key Memo search key ...

Страница 13: ...w each key can be displayed When it is pressed again the function mode is released and disappears To distinguish this key from the alphabetical key it will be written as from now on in this manual Numeral Keys Decimal Point Key Calculation Keys and Execution Key Examine this key array carefully It is the same as that of an ordinary calculator isn t it This part is used when the four arithmetic cal...

Страница 14: ...al Keys Space Key P7 c i P4 c i P1 c i P0 c i PB c i P5 c i P2 c i c J c J pg c i c J P6 5 c i c J P3 c i E J EXE Using these keys commands are entered or programs are written Each of the 26 alphabetical keys from Al to rn functions as a memory for storage loca tions Also the Al a J keys have another function When they are pressed after the key a symbol or BASIC command is displayed Press the spac...

Страница 15: ...tension mode c i c i c i c i c i c i c i c i c i c i J l c i c i c i c i c i c i c i c i c i c i 0 0 6 x c i c i c i c i c i c i c i c i c i Q µ r 1 To release the extension mode press 0 again This computer is provided with the key When a key is pressed after key one of the following functions is diaplayed Example QJ SIN c i c i c i c i c i c i c i c i c i c i SIN cos TAN ASN ACS ATN LOG LN EXP SQ...

Страница 16: ...e to its diameter is displayed Answer Key When this key is pressed after the key the result of manual or program cal culation executed immediately before is displayed Function Memory Keys These keys are for the Function Memory They will be described in detail in Chapter 3 Cursor Movement Keys These keys are used when correcting displayed characters The cursor blink ing in the display window is mov...

Страница 17: ... After deletion the character to the right of the cursor moves to the left When it is pressed after the 8 key the character where the blinking cursor is positioned is moved to the right to provide a space Engineering Stop Key 5f t When this key is pressed a calculation result or a numeric value displayed by a PRINT statement is converted into an exponent display When this key is pressed repeatedly...

Страница 18: ... page 71 When the TRACE ON symbol is displayed the execution trace mode is canceled and TRACE ON disappears The DEG symbol is displayed specifying degrees as the angle unit The RAD symbol is displayed specifying radians as the angle unit The GRA symbol is displayed specifying grads as the angle unit CZI The PRT ON symbol is displayed and printer output is possible when a printer is connected to th...

Страница 19: ...ighest contrast position the batteries have probably run down If so replace the batteries as soon as possible For battery replacement see page 11 Connector for Peripherals Use this connector I O port for connecting to optionally available peripherals When a printer is to be used connect on the FP l2S printer or SB 42 interface pack for connecting the computer and FP 40 When a tape recorder is to b...

Страница 20: ...ointed object when the power is on the computer will be reset to the state where no specification or no input is performed This operation may be used when the computer is in locked state due to strong static electricity Caution is required since all programs and data will be lost if pushed 0 D 0 ALL RESET T ALL RESET Button ...

Страница 21: ...attery Replacement I Switch off the power supply and remove the rear panel after removing the two screws 2 Remove the batteries Main batteries Remove the battery cover after loosening the screw Auxiliary battery Remove the battery cover after loosening the screw 3 Remove the exhausted batteries They can be removed easily by tapping the battery compartment with its opening facing downward 4 Wipe th...

Страница 22: ... be dangerous as they may burst 4 Care should be taken to ensure that battery polarity ill 8 is correct Keep batteries out of reach of children If swallowed by accident consult a doctor immediately Auto Power Off This is an automatic power saving function designed to prevent waste of power when a user forgets to switch off the power supply The power supply is auto matically cut off in 6 minutes up...

Страница 23: ... be destroyed by static electricity touch a metallic substance like a door knob to discharge the static electricity accumulated in your body before you handle the pack Procedure 1 Switch off the power supply Power switch OFF 2 Loosen the two screws provided on the rear panel of the main frame and remove the panel 3 Insert the RAM pack into its compart ment and tighten the three screws Never touch ...

Страница 24: ...emory contents may be changed or a meaningless display may be shown Use care not to allow the connector portion of the pack or the PCB pad portion of the computer body to become dusty or dirty and avoid getting fingerprints on them as this will cause poor contact Be sure to place the removed pack in its case and store in a location where it is not subject to dust or dirt f ...

Страница 25: ... Ieast operate the com puter to become familiar with the unit Even if you operate some thing wrong the machine will not be broken Since practice makes perfect as the proverb says begin practising simple operations ...

Страница 26: ... symbol appears as a warning signal when the number of written characters exceeds 55 BUZZER RUN and DEG will probably appear at the top of the display These are called mode displays and indicate the state of the computer RUN indicates the RUN mode in which manual calculations and program execution can be performed BUZZER shows that the buzzer is on The buzzer br eps at each key input DEG shows tha...

Страница 27: ...ually press the keys to display the modes If a confusion has arisen in mode display switch the power supply off and then on again First try a simple calculation Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 7 9 Press Press keys according to the above equation 1 4c 1 _ It _ Then press instead of El to find the answer The calculation is as simple as with an ordinary calculator isn t it Now make a calculation including both...

Страница 28: ...nswer I 1 1 As shown above when a mistake is noticed during the input process it can be easily corrected by using the cursor movement keys However when a mistake is noticed after the key has been pressed start the calculation again from the beginning Now write characters using the alphabet keys These keys are arranged in the same manner as on typewriters ASCII arrange ment First write capitals Exa...

Страница 29: ...hen desiring to insert some spaces keep this key pressed after the key This computer is capable of displaying small letters and special characters in addition to numerals and capitals For displaying these characters use the exten sion mode See page 5 Example Display the small letters a band c First specify the extension mode r EXT lights up BUZZER EXT RUN DEG 0 Then input A Band C RUN DEG Example ...

Страница 30: ...he EXT symbol disappears Now we believe you understand key operations While you are practicing key operation Error 2 may be displayed and the pressed key locked This is not a trouble but a message that the wrong operation has been performed It is there fore called the error message In such a case press the key Then the error message will disappear and the computer will become operable again There ...

Страница 31: ...ere on numerals will be no longer placed in boxes Example 2 56 X I2 2 5 268 8 Operation 5 6 OOG 12 08 2 5 In the case of a negative numeral press the El key before pressing the numeral key Example 3 7 x 8 4 x 5 36 Operation 700884005 I T tr Multiplications are executed first followed by subtraction Example 4 4 5 X I075 X 2 3 X Io 7s 0 0 I035 Operation 4 5 00 7 5 OOG 2 3 OOG 7 8 i _3_ _ 0_ 1_0_ 3_ ...

Страница 32: ...es not mean equal but assignment of the right side to the left side Now start calculation 300CKIGJ 5 400CKIGJ 6 5 OOCKIGJ 7 375 36B Repetitive calculations can be made as simple as this when a variable is used This computer has 26 variables from A to Z which makes possible storage of numerous values In the above example the value of the variable X is constant while calculation I formulas differ Pl...

Страница 33: ...erformed according to this priority sequence When calcula tions happen to be equal in the priority sequence priority is given to the calcula tion on the left If there are parentheses top priority should be given to the parenthesized calculation Example 2 3 SIN 17 13 t2 L__CD__J __J 2 75 Number of Input Output Digits and Calculation Digits The range of input values number of input digits acceptable...

Страница 34: ... X tan IXI 1440 811 rad 1600gra except when IXI is odd multiple of 90 11 2 rad lOOgra Inverse ASN X sin 1 IXI 1 90 ASN 90 trigonometric rad rr 2 ASN rr 2 function gra 100 ASN 100 ACS X cos 1 IXI 1 0 ACS 180 rad 0 ACS 11 gra 0 ACS 200 ATN X tan 1 90 ATN 90 rad rr 2 ATN rr 2 gra 100 ATN 100 Hyperbolic HYP SIN X sinh I X 230 2585092 function HYP COS X cosh IXI 230 2585092 HYP TAN X tanh IXI 10100 Inv...

Страница 35: ...ves the value of X which is rounded of digits off at the specified digit I INumber of digitsl 100 Random RAN RAN Generates a 10 digit random number numbers 0 RAN 1 1f 1f 1f Gives approximate value of ratio of circle circumference to diameter Decimal DMS X DMS Converts decimal number given as sexagesimal X into sexagesimal character string conversion in degrees minutes and seconds IXI 105 Sexagesim...

Страница 36: ...OL X Y POL IXI 10 00 IYI 10100 IXI IYI 0 _ polar X Y numeric r is given as a function value for assign coordinate expressions ment to variable X while value of J is transformation assigned to variable Y Polar REC r J REC 0 r 10 00 161 1440 87T rad rectangular r J numeric 1600 gra coordinate expressions Gives x as a function value for assign transformation ment to variable X while value of y is ass...

Страница 37: ...nctions sin 1 cos 1 tan 1 When using these functions be sure to specify the angle unit degrees radians grads Example sin 12 3456 0 2138079201 Operation Angle unit degrees DEG 12 3456 Example I 1 7 1 71 o i 7 11 _ ___ J _ 2 sin 45 X cos 65 1 0 5954345575 Operation 200 4 500 6 5 1 Example sin 1 0 5 30 Operation 1 1 c qc 4 r4c c ic _ I iiil 0 5 LI_3_C _ 1__________ Example cos rad 0 5 Operation Angle...

Страница 38: ...h 1 cosh 1 tanh 1 In the case of these functions press 8 and then press the same keys as in the case of trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions Example sinh 1 2 301298902 Operation c SEl 602 ci Example cosh 1 1 5 0 9624236501 Operation I i 1 1 i Co q i 1 _a fo_ _ _ I 7 1 i 4 c 1 a t t _I f_1 Logarithmic Functions log In Exponential Function ex and Power Func tion x Example logf 23 log 1 ...

Страница 39: ...peration 123 c 2 Example 1233 1860867 Operation 123 c i3 Example 101 23 16 98243652 Operation 1 0 c i 1 2 3 Example 5 62 3 52 58143837 Operation 5 6 c i 2 3 Example 123t 7Jf23 1 988647795 Operation 2 4 Function Calculations I 4 4q i 1 ii II _ _ I I 148 41 31591 15129 16 3 243652 1 3BB64 7795 29 ...

Страница 40: ... signs positive number 1 negative number 1 0 0 Operation 8fcifl0 8fcif El2 Example Generation of random numbers 0 RAN 1 pseudorandom number Operation Example This value is not necessarily displayed Round the result of 12 3 x 4 56 at the place of 10 2 12 3 x 4 56 56 088 Operation 8 iiii i 1 2 3 rn4 5 BGJEJ 2 I 56 1 Example 78 9 5 6 14 08928571 Operation 8 c SEJ 7 8 90 5 6 I 14 71 i J 1 I t 1_1 _ I ...

Страница 41: ... not exceeding x Example The decimal portion of 7800 7 96 is 0 25 Operation iii c 6 7 8 0 009 6 6 i 1 I _ I c Decimal Sexagesimal Conversion DEG DMS Example 14 25 36 14 42666667 Operation Example 12 3456 Operation 12 20 44 16 I 1 2 o 3 4 5 6 6 Example sin 63 52 4r 0 897859012 Operation 14 42666667 I 171 q i c q 11 _ I 1 _1 _1 _ 31 ...

Страница 42: ...r into a decimal number Operation iii 10 iii 7 FF F iii 8000 iii F FF F Example 16 32767 3276 1 Convert a decimal number into a hexadecimal number Operation iili 100 6 iili 1000 6 iili El3 2 7 6 8 6 iili 32 76 7 6 iili 65535 6 0064 1 3ES 7FFF r r Fr Factorial Permutation and Combination FACT NPR and NCR Example 10 3628800 Operation CIJIKJ ITJ 1 0 Example ioP4 5040 Operation l5040 ...

Страница 43: ...tangular coordinate Operation Angle unit radians 58 606 6 Y Example x y 4 33012 ii9 L _ The point 1 1 in the rectangular coordinate is 1 414213562 0 7853981634 in the polar coordinate Operation 181 6 Y r O 1 41 4213562 In these functions results are assigned to variables X and Y Output values are the same as the content of variable X In these functions angle unit specification is as important as i...

Страница 44: ...gits specifies lO digits When a specification is made the result is displayed by the number of specified digits The digit next to the last specified digit is rounded off The original value remains in the computer Example 100 Operation 6 16 66666666 ITT Il4 E Specified number of significant digits 4 0 0 0 6 E ITL_ _ 1 c _ _c c6__ _ t _ _ E _ _ J _ 1 _ _ _ _ __ Example 123 Operation 7 17 57142857 mW...

Страница 45: ... Engineering Example 42 195km X 3 126 585km Operation 42 1950038 Example 78g x 96 7488g 7 488kg Operation 78 968 2 4 Function Calculations 126585m 126 5B5 35 ...

Страница 46: ...stimated values can be quickly obtained Statistical Data Input Prior to start of a statistical calculation clear the exclusive statistical memories by pressing 8 And input a statistical data as shown below in the RUN mode One variable data Individual data data Plural identical data data d frequency Paired variable data Individual data x data GJ y data 8 Plur _identical data x data GJ y data 6 freq...

Страница 47: ...ven after power is off unless the STAT CLEAR command is executed by pressing Therefore when inputting new statistical data be sure to execute the STAT CLEAR command before input and after statistical calculations so as to clear statistical memo ries When frequency is omitted frequency is regarded as 1 Key input during statistical calculations is limited to 23 digits Input of 24 or more digits is p...

Страница 48: ...products of x andy data LXY Lx n Mean of x data LX n Ly n Mean ofy data LY n xan 1 Sample standard deviation of x data JnLx2 Lx 2 n n 1 yan 1 Sample standard deviation of y data JnLY2 Ly 2 n n 1 X Tn Population standard deviation of x data JnLx2 Lx 2 n2 y Tn Population standard deviation of y data JnLY2 Ly 2 n 2 Linear regression constant term LY b LX a n b Linear regression coefficient nLxY Lx LY...

Страница 49: ...r r r Output of all Output of one Output of paired variable secondarily the statistics variable statistics processed statistics Regression formula y a b x EOX and EOY are treated as functions These can be calculated in the same way as ordinary numerical functions EOXy value or EOY x value Whenx and y values are variables or numeric values parentheses can be omitted in the same way as in the case o...

Страница 50: ... ofx data Mean ofy data Standard deviation ofx Standard deviation ofy f Ex 25 1C _I r l2 161 i r 1 C r I 14q I r r n 5 ZY n 5 r C _ 1 1 1 J tI L _1 a 1 1 L L L Others omitted Comparison of products x and y on the basis of the above calculation results shows that the sums total and the mean values are the same but the standard deviation is larger in the case of product x This suggests that there is...

Страница 51: ... 3 1 4 0 4 3 6 3 2 3 4 x 7 1 0 2 3 Ratio of advertising expenditure The scatter diagram suggests that profit increased with advertising expenditure The line connecting the plotted points in the diagram is called the regression curve In this case it is almost linear and is therefore called linear regression This linear regression is expressed by y a b x where a is called the linear regression const...

Страница 52: ...35 1 3 xct r1 1 1 1 33473 1 Yei n 1 1 345008409 a 1 174221646 b 1 14251297 3 r 0 9628252383 It is evident from the value of r that x and y have a positive correlation Then what advertising expenditure ratio should be adopted to bring the operating profit ratio to 5 7 What operating profit ratio will result when the advertising expenditure ratio is 4 5 Now estimate such values Estimated value ofx E...

Страница 53: ...ter we shall study the use of the Function Memory which is one of the features of the computer This function greatly simplifies calculation of formula in which only the numeric values assigned to a variable differ ...

Страница 54: ...desired numeric value will be assigned to the used variables and the calculated result will be dis played A simple example is given below to learn the use of these three keys Example Obtain the value ofy for each of the values assigned to x when y 3 43 Cos x Calculate in three decimal places x s 15 22 27 31 y Operation First specify the angle unit and number of decimal places Angle unit DEG Obtain...

Страница 55: ...lues assigned to a variable differ If we add a semicolon at the end of the formula when storing the formula can be executed repeatedly by pressing the 0 key instead of the 0 key Example Obtain the value of V for the respective values of r when V 4 37Tr3 Calcu late in three decimal places by rounding off r 4 579 7 381 9 244 6 133 1 416 v Operation First specify the number of decimal places Then inp...

Страница 56: ...6 CHAPTER 3 Using the Function Memory Start the calculations 4 5 79 7 381 9 244 6 133 1 416 p U 402 162 F 1 16 4II 3 5 i 33fiS 7 4 i 966 II 290 1 11 S93 Repeated operations can be terminated by pressing ...

Страница 57: ...6 07 9 47 2 71 4 36 1 98 3 62 Operation SwlIJ 3 0 Specification of number of decimal places CEJ IKJC JIYJ 2 i QJ JIXJCZJIYJ 2 i Storing the formula Calculation starts 4 270 1 1 70 0 F 4 996 C 3 650 Continue to input the values of X and Yin this manner and the values of P and Q will be calculated in successive order and the table will be completed as shown below x y P X Y Q X Y 4 27 1 17 4 996 3 65...

Страница 58: ...27 2 174 3 451 3 357 7 463 Operation g Volume of a cylinder Volume of a cone U r h V l 3U Cill Je wwCIJlliJCQJw 1e EJ J61Il Je K CQJCIJCillCID Je 16 2 IIlOO JC iOOwCIJ OOrn JC i J600 JC i lliJW JC iEICill0 16 9 Calculation starts F ADIUS 1 205 HEIGHi 2 22 7 FADIUS If the values of radius r and height h are input in this manner volume U of the cylinder and volume V of the cone will be calculated su...

Страница 59: ...s characters delete these spaces with if there are too many characters 2 The stored contents will be retained even if power is turned off or if Auto Power off function is activated 3 Error will occur when 0 is pressed if the stored content is other than a formula 4 The functions in the fomula must be numeric functions 5 The variables in the formula must be numeric variables A Z see page 57 6 If an...

Страница 60: ...50 ...

Страница 61: ...in practically all personal computers Publications on BASIC language are also readily available on the market In this chapter we shall focus our attention on special precautionary points relative to programming with BASIC language Details in relation to commands and grammar of BASIC will be explained in Chapter 6 Command Reference ...

Страница 62: ...RT should appear in the upper part of the display BUZZER Blinks_J Symbol indicating the r WRT mode DEG WRT Status of the program areas Remaining capacity of the free area I r s2 a The program must be written only when in the WRT mode as shown above The large characters F 11 234567 3 indicate the usage state of the program areas The computer is provided with 10 program areas PO P9 in which multiple...

Страница 63: ... W CID J The program will be stored with the above key operation Do not forget to press the I key at the end of each line since the line will be stored only by pressing I Since one key input is also possible for frequently used commands such as INPUT and PRINT speedy inputs will be possible For example the five characters INPUT can be input by pressing IX CIJ N IDITJ can also be applied Method of ...

Страница 64: ...lay Addition and Deletion of Lines 1 To add a lirie simply input it after clearing the display by pressing the key in the WRT mode If a line is input with an already used line number this line will have priority and the previously stored line will be erased 2 To delete a line enter the line number to be deleted after clearing the display with the key and press Erasing Programs 1 To erase a program...

Страница 65: ...ed it will be as shown below Program starts 2 is entered for x The value ofy is displayed Jumps to line 10 x L _ y 315 r To pause execution of a program press the key STOP will then appear at the upper right part of the display and the execution will stop If the key is pressed again the currently specified program area number and the stopped line number will be displayed Execution of the program w...

Страница 66: ...the RUN mode Other Methods of Executing a Program 1 RUN Line Number This operation will cause the program to start from the specified line 2 88 8 If a number key is pressed after the key in the RUN mode the program in the area specified by the number key will be executed from the first line Variables are not cleared when executing a program ...

Страница 67: ...h as A Character variables can also be used as array variables such as C 12 In addition to these variables the computer is provided with the exclusive character variable In other words the computer is provided with the following variables Simple variable Array variable Numeric variable A B C z A O X 2 2 etc Character variable A B z A 0 X 2 2 etc The numeric variable will store numeric values of up...

Страница 68: ... DEFM mode and the array declared with DEFM will be cleared when switching from the DEFM mode to the DIM mode Array Declaration with a DIM Statement This computer is capable of declaring array variables of up to three dimensions These array variables consist of two types which are the character array variables and the numeric array variables 1 Declaration of one dimensional array variables A DIM s...

Страница 69: ...2 2 A 2 3 For a character array variable add the symbol after the variable name As in the case of one dimensional array variables multiple array variables can be declared at the same time by punctuating with commas 3 Declaration of three dimensional array variables Punctuate the subscripts with commas similar to when declaring two dimen sional array variables DIM A 1 2 3 Array declaration is in th...

Страница 70: ... using array variables with the DIM statement refer to Chapter 5 Program Library and Chapter 6 Command Reference Variable Expansion Although 26 variables A to Z are provided as a standard feature of the com puter additional variables can be used by variable expansion The variables can be expanded by using the DEFM command and specifying with the format DEFM Number expanded numeric expression Examp...

Страница 71: ...ables can be used with the RP 8 RAM expansion pack Number Number of Standard Free area with the RAM expanded variables free area expansion pack 0 26 7520 15712 1 27 7512 15704 2 28 7504 15696 I I I I 171 197 6152 14344 172 198 6144 14336 173 199 6136 14328 I I I I 939 965 8 8200 940 966 0 8192 941 967 8184 I I I 1195 1221 6152 1196 1222 6144 1197 1223 6136 I I I 1963 1989 8 1964 1990 0 L T Capacit...

Страница 72: ...FM command is also used to display the current number of variables DEFM only will be executed in this instance I MO A z 26 M CiEFM 20 When DEFM only is used in a program the number of variables will be dis played when executing the program Notes 1 If the variables are expanded that specification will be saved even when the power is turned off Execute DEEM 0 to return to the standard 26 variables T...

Страница 73: ...he DIM mode 2 Care should be taken when using an array variable in the DEFM mode since it uses the same memory space as some of the simple variables In the figure shown below the variables combined with equal signs use the same memory space Although numeric variables are shown these relations are the same as for character variables A A O 8 A l 8 0 C A 2 8 1 C O D A 3 8 2 C l D O Y A 24 8 23 C 22 Y...

Страница 74: ...ardless of the number between 1 to 9999 Command One byte for one command Function One byte for one function Character One byte for one character a space will also be con sidered a character key One byte will be required when the key is pressed at the end of a line If an array variable is declared with a DIM statement eight bytes will be required for one array element If the number of variables is ...

Страница 75: ...1 50 GOTO 20 60 END Program area Pl Subroutine 10 K 1 EY 20 IF K 4 THEN X X 1 IF X 0 THEN X 0 30 IF K 6 THEN X X 1 IF X 23 THEN X 23 40 RETURN When the main routine in PO is executed unit price mark appears at the center of the display Press the key to move to the left and the key to move to the right These are the only keys that can move In this program the main routine in PO displays and the sub...

Страница 76: ...ut the names and heights to PO since this is the input program Pl is the program to display the height of the pertinent person when a name is entered Variable C is used for controlling the FOR NEXT loop and variable N is used for temporary storage when searching a name Array A 0 0 A 0 14 is an array variable to store the names of 15 people and array A 1 0 A 1 14 is an array variable to store the h...

Страница 77: ...y since there may be certain cases when a bug does not become an actual error but the desired results cannot be obtained 1 Debugging with the Error Message With the display as shown below the error message reveals the type of the error the program area and the line number where the error occurred Type of error _ _ j L L Line number where the error occurred Program area where the error occurred The...

Страница 78: ...ared Error 2 Format error in the program or Correct the error in the input Syntax error formula program The formats of left side and right side in the assigned statement differ Such as character type and numeric type Attempted to read character in Change numeric variable to a numeric variable with READ character variable or check for READ character including space in the DATA statement Character s...

Страница 79: ...rror 6 Attempted to use a variable that Expand the variables with the Variable error was not added DEFM statement Attempted to use the same varia Change the variable name for ble name for a numeric variable the numeric variable and and a character variable character variable Attempted to use an array name Use after declaring the array subscript that was not declared or correct the array name subsc...

Страница 80: ...mand 3 Editing of a program 4 Loading programs with differ ent passwords 5 Inputting data in the data bank 6 Calling data from the data bank Error 9 SAVE SAVE or PUT command Connect a tape recorder Option error was executed without an interface When the signal input with the Reduce the playback volume LOAD LOAD or GET of the tape recorder command is erratic and cannot Set the tone control of the b...

Страница 81: ...ne containing the variable to be checked display and check the contents of the variable by entering variable to be checked followed by I To continue executing the program press 1 Debugging with the TRACE Mode Press and TRACE ON will be displayed This mode is called the TRACE mode If a program is executed in the TRACE mode there will be a pause after each line after each statement when using multis...

Страница 82: ...rface pack SB 42 The cassette interfaces enable programs in the computer to be quickly stored on a cassette tape or loaded from the tape It will also be possible to store data in variables and the DATA BANK The character printers print out program contents data and calculation results Connections FP 40 SB 42 FP 1 25 r F i i FA 3 F A 3 FP 12 S F A 5 FP 1 2S FP l 2S Be sure to switch off the power w...

Страница 83: ...hite dJ MIC Gre Grey O REM Black EAR IF d MIC Grey 0 REM I Black d EAR White d MIC MIC MIC terminal In the case of a stereo recorder it is desirable that the RIGHT terminal is used EAR EAR MONITOR or EX SP terminal In the case of a stereo recorder connect to the terminal that was used for recording REM Connect the REM terminal to the recorder REMOTE terminal Although the three cables may be connec...

Страница 84: ...and is executed with the tape recorder set to RECORD The LOAD or GET command is executed with the tape recorder set to PLAYBACK With the REMOTE terminal disconnected The SAVE or PUT command is executed with the tape recorder set to RECORD The tape recorder is set to PLAYBACK and started after first executing the LOAD or GET command ...

Страница 85: ... SAVE Command F e 3dy Pn I SAVE ALL Command The program located in this program area can be stored Programs located in all program areas can be stored The SAVE and SAVE ALL commands are manually executed Example SAVE SAVE CASIO SAVE ALL SAVE ALL FX Characters enclosed with the quotation marks after SAVE and SAVE ALL are file names which are placed with stored programs These programs can be loaded ...

Страница 86: ... loaded File names must be identical Example LOAD 0 LOAD file name 0 LOAD ALL 0 LOAD ALL file name 0 When programs are loaded by LOAD or LOAD ALL a display depending on the storing format appears Storing format Display SAVE PF SAVE file name PF file name SAVE ALL AF SAVE ALL file name AF file name A program stored by a SAVE command can be loaded to any of the program areas by a LOAD command Exampl...

Страница 87: ...l of the tape recorder to medium No error is displayed but loading is attempted without success Check points If the tape recorder output volume is low increase the volume near MAX Check if the output standard of the tape recorder is in accordance with that of the cassette interface See the owner s manual of the cassette interface for the standard Storing and Loading of Data in the DATA BANK All th...

Страница 88: ...ng format Display SAVE MF SAVE file name MF file name Data Storing and Loading A program always has data it is troublesome to enter these data from the key board each time Try a method by which data in the computer are stored on tape and loaded again To store data on a tape PUT is used Variables are specified in a PUT command A file name can also be specified PUT File name Up to 8 characters Varia...

Страница 89: ...e them in alphabetical order e g A Z A specification such as Z A cannot be performed When the variables are character variables A Z can be specified instead of A Z GET is used to load data from a tape to the computer Variables are specified in a GET command A file name can also be specified GET File name Variable 1 Variable 2 Up to 8 characters Example Load data to the exclusive character variable...

Страница 90: ...t Display PUT A Z VF PUT file name G P VF file name Printing of Programs Data and Calculation Results An exclusive character printer FP 40 or FP l 2S is used for printing out pro grams data and calculation results on paper See page 72 for the connection method Printing is carried out by key operation in the PRINT mode PRT ON dis played The PRINT mode can be specified by pressing CZJ and can be can...

Страница 91: ...Results When desiring to print calculation results specify the PRINT mode by pressing 2 or by writing MODE 7 in the program It will be more convenient to write MODE 7 in the program if only certain parts are to be printed When writing in the program enter MJ QJ Q W instead of pressing the El key 3 Printing Data in the DATA BANK To print the memo data stored in the DATA BANK See Chapter 7 execute t...

Страница 92: ...OTO Indirect specification of a GOTO statement ON GOSUB Indirect specification of a GOSUB statement REM Comment statement DIM Array declaration ERASE Clears array LIST V Confirmation of array variable LIST Lists memo data in the DATA BANK LOAD Loads memo data in the DATA BANK SAVE Stores memo data in the DATA BANK NEW Erases memo data in the DATA BANK RESTORE Searches memo data in the DATA BANK RE...

Страница 93: ...0 FX 700P FX 802P KEY KEY MID MID In spite of these different points a program prepared by the PB 100 PB 300 FX 700P FX 802P can be fundamentally utilized with this computer However it is better that programs be rewritten for this computer so that it can be easily used or can be easily reconsidered later Example PB 100 program 10 VAC 20 FOR A 1 TO 20 30 INPUT Z A 40 IF Z A B0 B B 1 GOTO 90 50 IF Z...

Страница 94: ... 80 THEN B B 1 GOTO 90 Since variable expansion is necessary in this program write the DEFM com mand manually executed in the PB 100 PB 300 FX 700P FX 802P at the beginning 5 DEFM 20 Example PB I00 program 10 INPUT 1 1 0 2 P 3 N 20 IF N 1 THEN 10 30 IF N 3 THEN 10 40 GOTO N 100 This program is used to determine branch destination according to the work To adapt it for this computer modify it as fol...

Страница 95: ...the reverse operation is not always possible Therefore precautions shall be taken The relationships are as follows This computer PB 110 PB 220 PB 410 FX 720P FX 820P FX 770P FX 785P FX 790P SAVE With password PF AF MF LOAD LOAD LOAD ALL LOAD This computer PB lOOF FX 710P SAVE With password PF AF MF LOAD LOAD LOAD ALL This computer PB 100 PB 300 FX 700P FX 802P SAVE With password PF AF MF LOAD LOAD...

Страница 96: ...eated with other CASIO s computers may not be correctly executed in this computer If a numeric expression is used at the IF THEN branch destination an error occurs In this case correct it to IF THEN GOTO branch destination When transferring a program prepared with this computer to other CASIO s computers excluding FX 785P and FX 790P a DIM or ERASE command must not exist in the program Use the arr...

Страница 97: ...sive pro grams The first is a sorting program in which data are rearranged Array variables are used in an interesting manner in this program The second is an exciting game program Please note the usage of the various commands from the examples of these programs ...

Страница 98: ...JT t it jmber i of d t tJ oo C 30 H1 DIMEt 6IOM 40 DIM 0 3 C 50 REM da t set 60 FOR A 1 TO C 70 READ C 1 A D 2 A 30 NE T A 90 PRHff si 1rtJin9 100 REM sortJ 110 FOR A 1 TO C 1 120 FOR B A l TO C 130 IF 0 2 A 0 2 8 THEM 160 140 D D 1 A D 1 A D 1 8 0 1 B D 150 D D 2 A D 2 A 0 2 8 0 2 8 D 160 NE ff B 170 r4E T A 1 30 FOR A l TO C D 3 A A NE T A 190 FOR A l TO C 1 200 IF 0 2 A 0 2 A 1 THEM 220 210 D 3...

Страница 99: ... Soo 0 B variables c Number of data D Used for D 2 C conversion D 1 1 D 3 1 R kiog lfomi ee numbers D 1 C D 3 C Program Description Line Nos 20 40 Inputs number of data and declares array Line Nos 50 80 Loads data in line No 1000 and after into array Line Nos 100 170 Main routine for sorting Compares scores successive ly and swaps the score and the examinee s number with line number 140 and 150 if...

Страница 100: ...A Examinees Nos Scores Ranking DC 1 A 0 2 A l D 3 A Line Nos 300 360 Displays sorted data in the order of ranking exam inee s No and score Execution example Operation Display sc1 r tin i 1 t o 1 j t 35 t 0 106 o r jo 103 t o 4 f 1Ci c I t 60 4 f _ 10 t 6 1 4 i io 104 t 60 I f c I 1 1 1 t 40 i f 0 10 I t 2 1 j EF Since the sorted data remain in array D 1 1 D 3 C they can be used in a different prog...

Страница 101: ... l E T J 90 GOSUB 1000 GOSUB 1000 100 PRINT BEEP 10 Ir iPUT ti HOl J man p 1a ers 120 IF P 5 THEN 110 30 IF P l THEN 110 If p 40 PF Ir 4T ALL LA ER 3 HAUE 20 150 GOSUB 1000 60 DIM XC2 P Y P i 70 FOR J l TO F 2 J 20 r E T J 1 30 F EM ini t i l ize 0 G 0 200 FOR J l T1J 4 210 AC1 J 0 A 2 J RAN A 3 J 1 IN TC10t 1 2 AC2 J 22 3 JE T J 230 P Ir iT P I T 11 ACE P GOSU 8 1000 24 3 F EM betJ memory 250 FOR...

Страница 102: ...0 IF X 2 J X 1 J THEN 410 440 i 2 J 2 J 0 1 J 450 r JE T J 460 PRii ff 470 PRHff II 3TART I 11 4 30 FOR K l TO 10 BEEP NEXT K 490 PRHff 500 REM main loop 51 3 IF G 2 THErl 60 520 FOR J 1 TO 4 530 IF 13 1 THErl 56 540 PRHff C 3RA J II II 550 IF RAN 0 9 A 2 J l0 0 7 THEN A 1 J A 1 J l 560 IF A 1 J 23 THEN G G l 570 PRINT CSRA l J MID J 1 5 30 r lE T J 59 J30TO 5 30 600 RE 1 3oa l 6rn PR Irff c R0 GO...

Страница 103: ...M 730 X 2 J X 2 J M GOSUB 1000 F l i0 3U8 1000 7f 3 r iE T J 770 f RH ff BEEP IF F P THEr 1 30 780 t P I i ff II F EPLA t C i 7 0 AS 2 S IF AS T HEr i 7 0 800 IF AS THEr 1 R R 1 GOTO i 30 310 IF AS W THEr 1 3 3 320 GOTO 7 0 330 PPI 4T F If 4T 11 iAME Cit E 11 340 Ef fD 10 30 F EM t i mer s1 1b 1010 FOR 1 TO 150 t1E T t 1020 F ETUR i 5 2 Horse Race Game 93 ...

Страница 104: ... Position of the club R Race number A 2 1 Random number of x 1 1 Player l s bet A 2 2 Random number of f x 1 2 Player 2 s bet A 2 3 Random number of A 2 4 Random number of A 3 1 Odds on if X 1 P Player P s bet A 3 2 Odds on If x 2 1 Player l s holdings A 3 3 Odds on x 2 2 Player 2 s holdings A 3 4 Odds on f F For determining game over G For determining goal X 2 P Player P s holdings H Odds on winn...

Страница 105: ...n the player loses his bet If a player s holdings drop to 0 he must drop out of the game Game is over when all player s lose their holdings Following is a description of the sequential displays and key operations in a sample game I Start game illrn J Displays title Describes horse Input Y ll i i i 1 n i r1 F l 3 ye rs li l c1nm i holding R _ L RVE HAI E 20 First race b HU 1 3 Input horse and bet H...

Страница 106: ...dings of player 1 Player 2 wins 35 00 Holdings of player 2 GOAL f PLAYER 1 P I 0 2 HAS 50 rc i Do you wish to play again F 1 pLA y 1 r i J 6 Press CY to advance to the next race and press fil for GAME OVER This game is programmed so the lower the odds the easier to win and horses with high odds are difficult to win Good luck ...

Страница 107: ......

Страница 108: ...le and charac ter expression such as ABC X N M General name of numeric expressions and charac ter expressions An element that accompanies a command Can only be executed in a program Can only be executed manually Can be executed both manually and in a program Function instruction that can be executed both manually and in a program DATA data data Since all data are provided with a bracket it will al...

Страница 109: ... Clearing the contents of variables and canceling of the expanded varia bles are not performed 2 If ALL is specified the programs in all program areas and variables are erased The number of variables specified by DEFM will be initialized to 26 and the computer will be in the DTh1 mode 3 Cannot be executed while a password is specified 4 Cannot be used in a program 5 Can only be executed in the WRT...

Страница 110: ...lanation 1 Executes a program from a specified line when the line number is omitted execution starts from the beginning of the program 2 When a specified line number does not exist execution starts from the line with the closest larger number 3 Variables are not cleared Example 10 PR INT LINE 10 20 PR INT LINE 20 30 END RUN RUN 20 LH E 10 LH E 20 ...

Страница 111: ...stop this Press the 0 key to display the next line and after 3 Array variable names are displayed in sequence one at a time Press 0 to dis play the next array variable name 4 In the PRINT mode when PRT ON is displayed the display is not stopped but is made sequentially at high speed 2 WRTMode 1 Displays the content of a program from a line number if it is specified and from the beginning if it is ...

Страница 112: ... of all PO P9 programs are sequentially displayed In this case they are sequentially advanced even in the WRT mode so edit cannot be performed This command cannot be used while a password is specified LIST ALL can be abbreviated as LIST A Example LI ST LI ST 30 LIST V ...

Страница 113: ...tc can be used However cannot be used 4 While a password is specified commands such as LIST LIST ALL LIST LIST V NEW NEW ALL and NEW cannot be used Also no writing WRT mode can be made it is attempted an error Error 8 occurs 5 Can not be used in a program 6 A password can be maintained while the power switch is off 7 If a program is stored on a cassette tape by a SAVE or SAVE ALL command while a p...

Страница 114: ...otten after specifying press the ALL RESET button on the back panel and cancel the password Note that this operation causes all programs and variable contents to be cleared Example PASS CAS 10 The same procedure is used for specifying and also cancelling the password ...

Страница 115: ...on 1 When ALL is omitted the content in the presently specified program area is stored 2 When ALL is used the contents of all PO P9 program areas are stored 3 When a password is specified the storing is performed with that password Therefore the password is the same as that stored when the program is loaded by the LOAD command SAVE ALL can be abbreviated as SAVE A Example SAVE I SAVE CAS 10 I SAVE...

Страница 116: ...programs in the computer will be erased and a new program will be loaded from the cassette tape 4 When a file name is specified a program with the same file name will be searched and loaded from the cassette tape If the file name is omitted the first program found on the cassette tape will be loaded 5 If a program with a password is loaded that password will also be loaded LOAD ALL can be abbrevia...

Страница 117: ...pears on the cassette tape 3 The parity check system is used to check a storing format Example VERIFY VERIFY PROG 1 CLEAR Function Clears all variables including array variables Explanation 1 Clears all variables all numeric variables are cleared to 0 and all character variables to a null 2 This command can be used both in a program and manually 3 Since control variables are also cleared in a FOR ...

Страница 118: ...pends program execution Explanation 1 Temporarily suspends program execution and displays STOP after which input waiting occurs 2 After suspension execution is resumed by pressing the key 3 If the key is pressed while execution is stopped by a STOP statement the program area number and line number are displayed 4 Calculations can be performed by manual operation when execution is suspended by STOP...

Страница 119: ...ght side of the equal sign to the variable on the left Explanation 1 A numeric expression corresponds to a numeric variable and a character expression corresponds to a character variable 2 LET can be omitted Example 10 LET X 12 20 Y Xt2 2 X 1 LETcanbeomitted 30 PRINTY 40 A CASI 0 11 LET can be omitted 50 LET B A FXq 60 PRINT 8 70 END 109 ...

Страница 120: ...EM in one line is treated as comment statement and is therefore not executed 10 REM TEST A 50 c Not executed 2 When a command to be executed is written on the same line write a multi statement sign before the REM statement Example 10 REM AR EA Determines program name 20 INPUT R R 30 S n R t 2 REM CALCULATION Adds comment 4 0 p R I NT S to the line 50 END ...

Страница 121: ...d with the first key input 5 Error Error 2 will occur if character string data is input to a numeric varia ble Since will be displayed again and a numeric value input will be requested when the key is pressed make a new input If is pressed program execution will be terminated 6 A numeric expression can be used as the input to a numeric variable and the value of the numeric expression will be assig...

Страница 122: ... string data exceeding seven characters is input to a character variable Jhe first seven characters will be significant and the eighth charac ter and after will be disregarded Example 10 INPUT A 20 INPUT NAME q 8 30 INPUT C q C D q D 40 INPUT FQRM q ...

Страница 123: ...s not displayed and input waiting also does not occur KEY is usually used in combination with an IF statement KEY can be abbreviated as KEY Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 PR I NT BEEP A KEY IF A 0 THEN BEEP IF A 1 THEN BEEP IF A E THEN 70 GOTO 20 PR I NT PR I NT END END Repeated until the I key is pressed A low sound will be generated when the key is pressed and a high sound will be generated whe...

Страница 124: ...meral display 7 Sign Output element 4 When an output element is a numeric expression and the mantissa is more than 10 dlgits the 11th digit is rounded off When an exponent exists besides the mantissa an exponent sign E and a two digit exponent are displayed 5 and can be used as punctuation between output elements When is used the execution stops STOP is displayed after the first output element is ...

Страница 125: ...eric expression Values below decimal point are dis carded 0 specification 24 Explanation 1 Used in a PRINT statement to specify the location of an output element 2 The output location of the left end is 0 IDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD I 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Example 10 FOR L 0 TO 2 3 20 PRINT CSRL A CSR23 L B 30 NEXT L 40 END Characters A and B are shifted from ...

Страница 126: ...anches to the specified line in the current program area and executes the program When the branched line number does not exist an error Error 4 occurs 3 When the branched location is a program area number branches to the specified program area and executes the program from the beginning A numeric expression can be used for the branched line number and the pro gram area number Example 10 PRINT STAR...

Страница 127: ...e value in a branch condition expression Branched locations are allocated sequentially according to ON A GOTO lQQ 200 300 A l A 2 A J 2 When the value of the expression is smaller than 1 or when an appropriate branched location does not exist the next statement is executed without branching 3 As many branched locations that can fit on one line can be written Example 10 INPUT A A 20 ON A GOTO 100 2...

Страница 128: ... The related operators used in a conditional expression The item on the left is equal to the item on the right The item on the left is not equal to the item on the right The item on the right is larger than that on the left The item on the right is smaller than that on the left The item on the right is larger than or equal to that on the left 2 The item on the right is smaller than or equal to tha...

Страница 129: ...0n STEp Increment NEXT Control variable name Numeric expression Function Repeats process contained between FOR and NEXT statements a number of times specified by the control variable The value of this variable is changed from the initial to the final one by the increment for each repetition of the process Parameter Control variable name Initial value Final value Increment Simple numeric type varia...

Страница 130: ... increment When the increment is 0 execution will be repeated end lessly When the increment is negative the value of the control variable decreases by each increment If increment is omitted one will be specified 4 A NEXT statement must always correspond to a FOR statement and must be written after it 5 FOR NEXT loops can have the following nested structure 10 FOR I 1 TO 10 TI 20 FOR J 11 TO 20 30 ...

Страница 131: ...ng which can be performed with up to 8 levels 3 Return to the statement next to the GOSUB statement is performed by RETURN 4 Return to the main routine cannot be performed by an IF statement or GOTO statement Therefore be sure to perform return by a RETURN state ment 5 When the branched line No does not exist an error Error 4 occurs A numeric expression can also be used for a branched line number ...

Страница 132: ...n Parameter Branching condition Line No Program area No Explanation Numeric expression Values below the decimal point are discarded 1 to 9999 0 to 9 1 Performs a subroutine branching by the integer part of the value in a branch condition expression Branched locations are allocated sequentially according to the value of the expression ON B GOSUB 1000 2000 3000 B I B 2 B 3 2 When the value of the ex...

Страница 133: ... data that is read by a READ statement 2 Plural data can be written by punctuation with 3 If only a DATA statement is executed without a READ statement no func tion is performed 4 When a character constant includes place it inside DATA ABC DEF GHI JKL 1st 2nd 3rd 5 When data is omitted a character string with a length of 0 is taken by default DATA A B DATA DATA DATA A B DATA i Null string DATA __J...

Страница 134: ...d for a numeric variable 3 Data in DATA statements are read sequentially with the smallest line number first and sequentially from the beginning in a statement 4 After the necessary data are read by a READ statement the following data are read by the next READ statement 5 The first data in the program area where a READ statement exists is read by the first execution of this statement after which d...

Страница 135: ...cifies a DATA statement where data to be read by a READ statement exist 2 When a line number is omitted the data specification is cancelled After this the first data in the program area where a READ statement exists are speci fied and read by the first READ statement that is executed 3 When a line number of the program area is specified by a RESTORE state ment data of the DATA statement with this ...

Страница 136: ...8 Can be omitted Variable 1 variable 2 Explanation Specification of the variable to be stored Array variables also possible 1 Stores the contents of variables on a cassette tape 2 Variable specifications are written as follows PUT A Content of variable A PUT A Z Contents of the 26 variables from A to Z PUT A O A IOO Contents of the 101 variables from A O to A lOO PUT D W Contents of the exclusive ...

Страница 137: ...s of whether the array is two dimensional or three dimensional Two or more array variables cannot be stored with one PUT statement Write as follows in case of array variables defined in the DEFM mode PUT A A S Contents of the six variables A A S This is the same as PUT A F PUTZ Z 20 Contents of the 21 variables Z Z 20 4 Can be executed both manually and in a program 5 need not be attached even whe...

Страница 138: ...e tape into a specified variable 2 Variable specifications are written as follows GET A Loads in variable A GET A Z Loads in variables from A to Z GET A O A lOO Loads in variables from A O to A IOO GET D W Loads in the exclusive character variable and in variables from D to W 3 Write as follows in case of array variables defined in the DIM mode GET A S A 9 Loads into A S A 6 A 7 A 8 A 9 GET A 0 0 ...

Страница 139: ...sequentially in the variables from the specified first variable 6 When a file name is specified data with the same file name are loaded from the cassette tape When the file name has been omitted data will be loaded from the first data found on a cassette tape 7 This can be executed both manually and in a program 8 GET will be executed in the DIM mode without distinguishing between character and nu...

Страница 140: ...und 1 High sound 0 is taken by default Explanation 1 Generates a high or low beep sound 2 Can be executed both manually and in a program Example 10 BEEP INPUT N N 20 FOR 8 1 TO N 30 BEEP 0 BEEP 1 PRINT PRINT B 40 NEXT B 50 PRINT GOTO 10 Beep sounds are generated number of times specified ...

Страница 141: ...free area for programs and DATA BANK decreases eight bytes for each variable expansion 4 Added variables are used as array variables 5 When the number of added variables is omitted after DEFM the number of currently specified variables is displayed 6 Can be executed both manually and in a program When executed manually the newly specified status number of added variables 26 basic variables is disp...

Страница 142: ...eference Example DEFM 10 DEFM 1 I 10 DEFM 10 CLEAR 20 FOR J 1 TO 10 30 PRINT Z J 40 INPUT Z J 50 NEXT J 60 FOR J 1 TO 10 70 S S Z J 80 NEXT J 90 BEEP PRINT Sum S 100 DEFM 0 110 END Obtains total of the 10 numeric values input ...

Страница 143: ...ble names 2 Character arrays can be declared by attaching a sign immediately after the array variable name The storable character length of a character array is a maximum of seven characters If an attempt is made to assign a character string with more than seven characters all beyond seven characters will be disregarded 3 The same array name can be used for a numeric array name and a character arr...

Страница 144: ...es can be declared at one time by punctuating with commas Example DIM A 3 A 5 8 20 3 9 Contents of all array variables will be initialized to 0 or null string by execut ing the DIM statement 10 Array declarations can be cancelled with CLEAR ERASE NEW ALL or DEFM If a DIM statement is executed when in the DEFM mode the DEFM mode will be cancelled and all expanded variables will be cleared 11 Eight ...

Страница 145: ...ST V 2 Specification of array variable names are variable names in one upper case alphabetical character Example ERASE A A B will be specified when the variable name displayed by LIST V is A l A 1 1 1 B l 3 Nothing will occur if a nonregistered variable name is specified 4 If memory capacity becomes low due to array declarations it may be in creased by executing the ERASE command 135 ...

Страница 146: ... MODE 4 Sets the angle unit to degrees MODES MODE6 MODE7 MODE8 Sets the angle unit to radians Sets the angle unit to grads Displays PRT ON and sets the PRINT mode Releases the PRINT mode 3 Same setting as by the key However the RUN mode and WRT mode cannot be set using this command Also input cannot be performed with the key but by pressing the OO IIJ keys Example 10 MODE 4 20 A SIN 30 PRINT A A 3...

Страница 147: ...um of the square of data y and LXY sum of the product of datax andy 2 Initializes basic statistics to start a new calculation Always execute this com mand when performing new statistical calculations Example STAT CLEAR 1 STAT value of data X value of data Y frequency Function Inputs statistical data and the frequency of the data Parameter Value of data x Value of datay Frequency numeric expression...

Страница 148: ...utputs amount of statistics Parameter 0 Outputs all statistics 1 Outputs statistics for one variable 2 Outputs statistics for paired variables When omitted Outputs all statistics Same as STAT LIST 0 Explanation 1 Outputs statistics calculated based on the input data STAT LIST STAT LIST 0 STAT LIST 1 or STAT LIST 2 2 Refer to pages 38 to 39 relative to the statistics to be output and the calculat i...

Страница 149: ...laces Fn a value from 0 to 9 is used 3 For specifying the number of significant digits En a value from 0 to 9 is used Also SET E0 indicates a 10 digit specification 4 Both specifications are released by SET N 5 After executing this command the specified digits are given by rounding off 6 The number of digits specified by this command is for the display only and a 12 digit mantissa can remain in th...

Страница 150: ...r variable Parameter Simple character variable An array character variable cannot be used Explanation 1 Counts the number of characters in a simple variable 2 Usable character variables are simple character variables A Y etc Array character variables such as B 3 cannot be used Example 10 INPUT String 20 PRINT Length LEN 30 GOTO 10 ...

Страница 151: ...mber of characters 101 When omitted all characters after the specified location are fetched Explanation 1 Fetches a specified number of characters from a specified location of the exclusive character variable 2 When the specified location is out of the character string a null is obtained 3 When the length of the character string after the specified location is smaller than the specified number of ...

Страница 152: ...acter variable includes E or E it is converted into a numeric value as it is When A 12 3 VAL A 12 3 3 When the content of a character variable starts with a character other than a numeral or an error occurs When A A45 VAL A error Error 2 4 When a character other than a numeral is inserted in the middle only the part before this character is converted to a numeric value When A 78A9 VAL A 78 Example...

Страница 153: ...verts the value of a numeric expression into a character string 2 When the numeric expression is a calculation expression the calculation result is converted into a character string 3 When a numeric expression is positive th e sign digit is deleted and only the numerals are converted Example 10 A 123 20 PRINT STR A 45 30 END If this program is executed character strings 123 and 45 will be con nect...

Страница 154: ...ment I 1440 degrees 8 7r Iargument I 8 7r radians 1600 Iargument I 1600 grads However for TAN IArgumentl 2n 1 1 right angle is excluded 1 right angle 90 f rad 100 grad 1 Obtains the value of a trigonometric function for a given argument 2 The value depends on the angle unit setting DEG RAD or GRA by the key or MODE command 3 As a rule the argument is enclosed in parenthesis but the parenthesis can...

Страница 155: ... trigonometric function that obtains an angle for a given argument 2 The value depends on the angle unit setting by the key or MODE com mand 3 The values of the functions are given within the following range Degrees DEG Radians RAD Grads GRA 90 ASNx 90 i AsNx f 100 ASNx 100 0 ACSx 180 0 ACSx rr 0 ACS x 200 90 ATN x 90 S ATNx s 2 2 100 ATN x 100 4 As a rule the argument is enclosed in parenthesis b...

Страница 156: ...a given argument Parameter Argument Numeric expression Explanation largumentl 230 2585092 HYPSIN HYPCOS largument l 10100 HYPTAN 1 Obtains the value of a hyperbolic function for a given argument HYPSIN sinh x e e I 2 HYPCON cosh x e e 2 HYPTAN tanh x e e e e 2 As a rule the argument is enclosed in parenthesis but the parenthesis can be omitted if the argument is a variable or a numeric value ...

Страница 157: ...rgument Explanation Numeric expression HYPASN largumentl 5 x 1099 HYPACS 1 argument 5 x 1099 HYPATN largumentl 1 1 Obtains the value of an inverse hyperbolic function for a given argument HYPASN sinh 1 x log x J l HYPACS cosh 1 x log x v T h 1 _ 1 I 1 x Hy p AT N tan x 2 og e l _ x 2 As a rule the argument is enclosed in parenthesis but the parenthesis can be omitted if the argument is a variable ...

Страница 158: ...garithmic function logex lnx 2 As a rule the argument is enclosed in parenthesis but the parenthesis can be omitted if the argument is a variable or a numeric value EXP Function Argument Numeric expression Obtains the value of an exponential functio i for a given argument Parameter Argument Numeric expression 10100 argument 230 2585092 Explanation 1 Obtains the value of an exponential function ex ...

Страница 159: ...in parenthesis but the parenthesis can be omitted if the argument is a variable or a numeric value CUR Function Argument Numeric expression Obtains the value of a cube root for a given argument Parameter Argument Numeric expression largument l 10100 Explanation I 1 Obtains the cube root Vxor x 3 of a given argument 2 As a rule the argument is enclosed in parenthesis but the parenthesis can be omit...

Страница 160: ...omitted if the argument is a variable or a numeric value SGN Function Argument Numeric expression Obtains a value 1 0 or 1 corresponding to the sign of a given argument Parameter Argument Numeric expression Explanation 1 Gives a value that corresponds to the sign of an argument When an argument is positive 1 When an argument is 0 0 When an argument is negative 1 2 As a rule the argument is enclose...

Страница 161: ...eric expression Explanation 1 Obtains the maximum integer that does not exceed a given argument I NT 12 5 6 1 2 I NT 7 8 1 7 9 I NT 12 1 2 2 This is the same function as the Gaussian function x used in mathematics 3 As a rule the argument is enclosed in parenthesis but the parenthesis can be omitted if the argument is a variable or a numeric value 151 ...

Страница 162: ...git location Numeric expression Numeric expression Function Obtains the value of a given argument rounded off at the specified location Parameter Argument Location Explanation Numeric expression Numeric expression Values below the decimal point are discarded Displays the exponent n when the loca tion to be rounded off is 1on IlocationI 100 1 Obtains the value of a given argument which is rounded o...

Страница 163: ...s x y using the following relational_expressions x r cos e y r sine 2 The x coordinate of x y will be given as the output of the function and the value of the x coordinate will be assigned to variable X and the value of they coordinate will be assigned to variable Y at the same time 3 An error will occur if r 0 4 The output values will correspond to the setting of the angle unit DEG RAD or GRA Exa...

Страница 164: ...he r coordinate of r 8 is given as the output of the function and the value of the r coordinate will be assigned to variable X and the value of the 8 coordinate will be assigned to variable Y at the same time 3 Calculation of the 8 coordinate will correspond to the angle unit DEG RAD or GRA The value of 8 will be given within the following range DEG 180 8 180 RAD 7T rad 8 rr rad GRA 200 gra 8 200 ...

Страница 165: ...must take an integer value with the range of 0 argument 69 Explanation 1 Obtains the factorial value x of the argument x 2 An error will occur if argument x contains fractions 3 As a rule the argument is enclosed in parenthesis but the parenthesis can be omitted if the argument is a variable or a numeric value Example FACT 10 110 FACT 69 1ss1 l 1 711224524E 3S 155 ...

Страница 166: ... permutations nPr for given values of n and r Parameter Value of n Value ofr Numeric expression n and r are integer values with Numeric expression the range of 0 r n 1010 Explanation I 1 This function obtains permutations nPr nn___ r 2 An error occurs if n or r contains fractions Example NP R 5 3 sP3 NP R 5 0 sPo i ...

Страница 167: ... combinations nCr for given values of n and r Parameter Value ofn Value of r Numeric expression n and r are integer values with Numeric expression the range ofO r n 1010 Explanation n 1 Obtains the combinations nC r r n _ r 2 An error occurs if n or r contains decimals Example NCR 5 3 sC3 NCR 5 0 sCo 1 157 ...

Страница 168: ... linear regression expression y a bx in the paired variable statistics of x y y a EOX y b 2 The values of linear regression constant term a and linear regression coeffi cient b are determined by the statistical data 3 The value of EOX y will be uncertain when b 0 The input value y is with the range of ly I I 0100 and the estimated value of x is with the range of IEOX y I 10100 when b 0 4 As a rule...

Страница 169: ... value of x according to the linear regression expression y a bx in the paired variable statistics of x y EOY x a bx 2 The values of linear regression constant term a and linear regression coeffi cient b are determined by the statistical data 3 Input value x is with the range of lxl 10100 and the estimated value ofy is with the range of IEOY x I 10100 4 As a rule the argument is enclosed in parent...

Страница 170: ...btains a pseudo random number from 0 to 1 within 10 digit mantissa 0 random number 1 Example Provides a random number with 1 digit from 0 to 9 INT RAN 10 Provides a random number with 1 digit from 1 to 6 INT RAN 6 1 Provides a random number with 2 digits from 10 to 99 INT RAN 90 10 ...

Страница 171: ...Minute Second Numeric expression Numeric expression Numeric expression l DEG degree minute second I 10 00 Explanation l Converts a sexagesimal expressed by given degrees minutes and seconds to a decimal DEG a b c a 6b0 36c00 2 The minutes and seconds can be omitted and they will be considered 0 3 The parenthesis cannot be omitted Example DEG 12 34 56 l 10 INPUT A B C 20 PRINT DEG A B C 30 END 1 I ...

Страница 172: ...1 Converts a decimal given as a numeric expression to a character string in the sexagesimal notation 2 Although degrees minutes and seconds will be displayed with the range of Inumeric expressionI 105 the value of the numeric expression itself will be displayed if outside this range I 3 The result will be given as a character string Example OMS 180 7l OMS 4 5 6 7 8 l DMS 99999 999l OMS 100000 1 l ...

Страница 173: ...l given as a numeric expression to a 4 digit hexadecimal character string 2 The value of a numeric expression given as the argument is handled as an integer with decimals discarded 3 When the value of an argument exceeds 32768 it will be handled as the value after subtracting 65536 Example 40000 will be handled as follows 40000 65536 25536 Example HEX 10000 8 HEX 65535 l 8 HEX 1 8 10 INPUT X X 20 ...

Страница 174: ...ot a function but is actually a hexadecimal identifier 2 Since the conversion result will be a decimal integer with the range of 32768 to 32767 HFFFF for example will not indicate 65535 but 1 3 The 0 placed at the top of a hexadecimal and spaces in a hexadecimal charac ter string are disregarded Example HOOl 0 indicates 16 of a decimal number HA u B indicates 171 of a decimal number H u A indicate...

Страница 175: ...0 READ H 30 IF H d THEN 80 40 M H H 50 A VAL M l 6 0 PR I NT M A 70 GOTO 10 Lt___ 80 PRI NT H BEEP END Space 100 DATA 10 100 1000 7FFF 110 DATA 8000 ABCD FFFF 120 DATA end Converts hexadecimals to decimals 6 6 Others 165 ...

Страница 176: ...emo data in the DATA BANK with record numbers attached Explanations 1 Displays all memo data stored in the DATA BANK from the smallest record number in the order stored 2 The contents displayed are the record number and memo data 3 Since the memo data will be displayed automatically in sequential order press the key to stop the display Press the 0 key to resume the display 4 In the PRT ON mode 2 t...

Страница 177: ...cur 6 Cannot be used in a program 7 Cannot be executed in the MEMO IN mode Example L I S T t l il L I S T tt 510 01 TEI Fl JISIOM 330 2 510 02 RADI0 80 3 510 03 TAPE RECORDER 100 4 510 04 STEF E0 850 5 510 05 l JIDEO RECORDER 750 6 510 06 DE 3K TOP CALCULATOR 50 7 510 07 F ERSOMAL COMPUTER 650 3 E ID 167 ...

Страница 178: ...ted Explanation I Stores all memo data in the DATA BANK on a cassette tape 2 Since memo data cannot be stored with SAVE or SAVE ALL always load memo data with SAVE 3 If a password has been specified storing is performed with this password Therefore the same password must be specified when the loading is per formed by the LOAD command 4 Cannot be executed in the MEMO IN mode Example SAVE SAVE CAS 1...

Страница 179: ...o data in the DATA BANK from a cassette tape after erasing all memo data currently stored in the DATA BANK b Loads first memo data found on a cassette tape being played back if the file name is omitted c This cannot be executed in the MEMO IN mode d This cannot be executed in a program 2 In the case of LOAD File name M a Loads additional memo Idata in the DATA BANK from a cassette tape following t...

Страница 180: ...read for a numeric variable If character type data are used an error Error 2 occurs 3 After the necessary data are read by a READ statement the following data are read by the next READ statement 4 When memo data in the DATA BANK are punctuated by they are read in the order in which they are written Example DATA No 1 A X Y No 2 B Z No 3 C Reading sequence A x v s z c 5 When datil to be read does no...

Страница 181: ... skipped Example X _ Y Z L This space skipped 8 When data is inside the character string inside is read Example Data No 1 1 2 3 No 2 4 5 6 No 3 7 8 9 No 4 10 Program 10 A 0 20 READ 30 IF q THEN 60 40 A A VAL 50 GOTO 20 60 PR INT x A 70 END Reads numeric data from the DATA BANK to obtain a sum I 171 ...

Страница 182: ...atement 2 The relationship between a parameter and data searching is as follows a RESTORE When the searched character string and after are omitted data are read from the beginning by the following READ b RESTORE searched character string Memo data having the searched character string at the beginning is read by the following READ c RESTORE searched character string When 0 is specified it is the sa...

Страница 183: ... 3 Williams 06 314 2681 Cleveland Record 4 Edwards 045 211 0821 Cambridge Program 10 RESTORE j j 20 GOSUB 1000 30 RESTORE j j J 40 GOSUB 1000 50 RESTORE j j Cl 1 60 GOSUB 1000 7 0 RE ST 0 RE j j Aa 80 GOSUB 1000 90 END Displays memo data stored at the beginning of the DATA BANK Displays data having the first character J Searches data having the first two characters Cl and displays the first data o...

Страница 184: ... When no data is specified stored data in the record area are deleted 4 When plural data exist these data can be written on the same record area by using for punctuation 5 After the necessary data are written by the first WRITE statement the following data are written by the next WRITE statement 6 When writing memo data one step will be required in addition to the number of characters Memo data AB...

Страница 185: ... display sub 1010 RESTORE t t 1020 FOR J 1 TO 3 1030 READ t t PRINT 1040 NEXT J 1050 RETURN Execution Example 6 7 DATA BANK Commands Deletes memo data Subroutine to display memo data E ITJ NEW l RUN l Erases all memo data in the DATA BANK This error occurs when data is deleted and no memo data remains in the DATA BANK 175 ...

Страница 186: ... 176 ...

Страница 187: ...ed data without the need for a special program Furthermore combined with a BASIC program you can use this function for an expansive range of duties such as schedules totalizing etc The use of the DATA BANK function is explained together with actual ex amples For details on the exclusive commands LIST RESTORE READ WRITE for the DATA BANK refer to Chapter 6 Com mand Reference ...

Страница 188: ...ill specify the MEMO IN mode and the display will appear as shown below MEMO IN mode display Record number BUZZER DEG Cursor The symbol at the upper center of the display shows that the MEMO IN mode is currently specified The number at the upper right is the record number which indicates the memo data line The above display shows that the cursor is blinking at the left end with nothing stored in t...

Страница 189: ...a for BROWN in the MEMO IN mode as follows Separate the name and telephone number by inserting a comma between them Operation Display BUZZER DEG BUZZER BUZZER DEG E 0 l I i 03 _ BUZZER DEG BROWN 03 021 1234_ BUZZ R DEG BROWN 03 021 1234 If the key is pressed after compieting input of data the cursor will disappear and the BROWN s data will be stored in the DATA BANK as the memo data of record 1 Pr...

Страница 190: ...erve an important role when retrieving the memo data later always be sure to enter the comma 2 In the above example pressing the key again after storing one record with the key will clear the display and cause the record number to advance to the next When entering data continuously however it will not be necessary to press the key twice each time in this manner to clear the display Data will be st...

Страница 191: ...011 041 73 86 BUZZER DEG c BUZZER DEG 2 BUZZER DEG 2 FCi 06 021 66 3 2_ BUZZER DEG _ Record number changes to 3 FU 06 021_6602 When data input of all 10 persons is over press the key once again to clear the display Completes input of HOYT s data Clears the display BUZZER DEG 181 ...

Страница 192: ...imately 1 5 sec intervals together with the record number Operation BUZZER RUN DEG BUZZEA RUN DEG 1 BROWN 03 021 1234 BUZZER 2 ELLIS 011 041 7386 BUZZER RUN DEG 3 FOX 06 021 6602 BUZZER RUN DEG 9 YOUNG 0425 01 0038 BUZZER RUN DEG 10 HOYT 03 054 4321 BUZZER RUN DEG Press the key to stop the display temporarily for checking the contents Press the key to resume the following display This enables chec...

Страница 193: ...31 6211 BUZZER DEG Il tEDJI JONES 052 0 31 6211_ BUZZER DEG BUZZER JONES 052 031 6221 BUZZER DEG JONES 052 031 6 22 1 o Specifies the MEMO IN mode Displays the memo data in Record 1 Advances to the next record when I key is pressed Displays the memo data in Record 4 Correct the data Press the key after the correction If the MEMO IN mode is specified with the keys the record number next to the last...

Страница 194: ...ey B or El is pressed the mIJ sym bol will appear and the cursor will be displayed This state is the EDIT mode and memo data can be corrected in this mode Move the cursor with a cursor move ment key to the position to be corrected and after makifg the necessary correc tions press the key The corrected data will then _ be stored The mIJ symbol will disappear ...

Страница 195: ...ZZER RUN DEG BUZZER RUN DEG BROWN103 021 1234 If the key is pressed again only his telephone number will be displayed BUZZER _ 1 4 1 1 l t _ If the key is pressed once again the ELLIS data in Record 2 will be dis played BUZZER RUN DEG 2 ELLIS 011 041 7386 Each time the key is pressed in this manner data in the same record separated with comma will be displayed the first 24 characters when a long d...

Страница 196: ...ll OI symbol dis appears and the cursor blinks Displays the data in Record 1 again c 4 4 1 i 1 1 _ BUZZER RUN DEG BUZZER RUN DEG I BROWN 03 021 1234 2 Quick Search with the Key n u Memo data searched and displayed with the key can be advanced in record units by using the key BUZZER RUN DEG BUZZER RUN DEG ELLIS 011 041 7386 BUZZER AUN DEG F0 06 021 6602 c The data in this example is displayed at a ...

Страница 197: ...th the key the command will return to the data in Record 1 Record 1 will then continue to be displayed even if the Dill keys are pressed again This operation can be repeated until the data in Record 1 is displayed Data in Record 3 currently being displayed Dill Returns to Record 1 Display remains un CillJ changed 4 Conditional Search RUN DEG FCJ 06 02 1 6602 BUZZER RUN DEG c Memo data are displaye...

Страница 198: ... specified condition need not be a single character as in the above but can be longer character string For example if the 8 characters SULLIVAN are used as the condition data beginning with these 8 characters will be retrieved BUZZER RUN DEG BUZZER RUN DEG 5 Additional Conditional Search Assume that the JONES data in Record 4 is currently being displayed as a result of searching with the condition...

Страница 199: ...earch the first data displayed will become BROWN s telephone number in Record 1 BUZZER RUN DEG JONES 052 031 6221 BUZZER RUN DEG Simple conditional search j t J 11 1 2 3 4 Thus the additional conditional search allows you to find a record satisfying the initial condition and after altering the condition to retrieve data satisfying that condition from the subsequent data This function enables you t...

Страница 200: ...ressing the El key 6 times displays the data from the beginning BUZZER RUN DEG C 1 3 t1 i 1 1234 If the contents in one record exceed 24 characters it will not be possible to dis play these at one time The El key can then be used to shift the display to the left to bring the characters hidden on the right into view Pressing will cause the last 24 characters in the record to be displayed ...

Страница 201: ...ter erasing unnecessary characters be sure to press the key 2 To Erase All Data in a Record Display the desired record in the MEMO IN mode and specify the EDIT mode by pressing a cursor movement key Then clear the display by pressing the key And press the key All data in that record will be erased and the current record number will be auto matically assigned to the next record To erase all data st...

Страница 202: ... pressing 2 Inserting Data To insert new data between stored records first specify the MEMO IN mode and display the record where the new data will be stored Next input the data to be inserted and press il Be careful here since pressing only will cause the data to be stored in a record next to the last record For example assume we wish to insert the HOYT s data between FOX s data in Record 3 and JO...

Страница 203: ... Record 5 BUZZER OEG liID lL JUNES1 052 0 31 6 221 The HOYT s data however is also stored in Record 11 Displays the HOYT s data in Record 11 BUZZER OEG Since this data is no longer needed erase it by the following procedure El The EDIT mode is speci fied Clears the display Completes erasing m disappears BUZZER OEG _ The HOYT s data is now inserted between FOX and JONES and the electronic telephone...

Страница 204: ... 021 6602 4 JOt JE 3 052 031 6221 5 MILL 3 r 03 063 2935 6 SMITH 0899 02 1007 7 3ULLI t JA l 07EH339 7132 3 i 1 IATTS 0467 01 3569 9 i JIJl ll i 0425 01 0038 10 HO T 03 054 4321 1 BROWN 03 021 1234 2 ELLIS 011 f141 7386 3 FIJ 06 021 6602 4 HO T 03 1 354 4321 5 JOMES 052 031 6221 6 MILL 3 03 063 2935 7 SMITH 0899 02 1007 3 SIJLLil JAN 078 039 7132 9 i IATT 3 0467 01 3569 10 l IJl ll i 0425 01 0038 ...

Страница 205: ...d by using a BASIC program We will introduce a search method with a program using the data mentioned in the previous section see page 179 This method can also be applied easily to data of three items or more Outline of the Program If this program is executed the request Name is displayed If we enter the name of the person whose telephone number is to be searched the telephone number will be displa...

Страница 206: ...0 10 BEEP 1 BEEP 0 1020 NEXT J 1030 RETURN 197 bytes Variables Table Variable name Contents J Control variable for the FOR NEXT loop F Flag variable F 1 when the pertinent person exists F 0 if the pertinent person does not exist Z 1 Z 5 Stores the name entered For reading data Execution Example Operation BJ ill NJ MJITJwwllil 03 063 2935 r j 3rn e t j 0 D 3 t 3 I I ...

Страница 207: ...tline of the Program Since the size of the table will be requested when this program is executed enter the number of horizontal items m and then the number of vertical items n Enter data one column at a time vertically from the top Calculation is dis played and calculation starts after all data are input When calculation is over the results are displayed in the order of vertical total and horizont...

Страница 208: ... A 1 D F A 1 D F C D 250 IF A C THEN WRITE F A 1 D 260 F C B 1 F C B 1 F C D 270 NEXT D 280 READ WRITE tt F C B 1 290 NEXT C 300 PRINT 310 RESTORE 320 FOR C 1 TO A 330 RESTORE M 340 READ E 350 PRINT E 360 NEXT C 370 RESTORE 380 IF A 1 THEN RESTORE M STR A 1 390 READ 400 FOR C 1 TO B 410 READ E E 420 PRINT E 430 NEXT C 440 BEEP PRINT 450 PRINT END OVER II 500 bytes ...

Страница 209: ... of vertical items in table For preparing writing data to the DATA BANK and for reading space by the READ Program Execution Examples Calculate the vertical and horizontal totals using the table on page 197 Operation IIDffi Jllil 4 I Inputs number of horizontal items 3 Inputs number of vertical items 5 3 2 g Inputs the value in the first vertical column 2682 I 1 1 i 2 Input data in the 2nd 3rd and ...

Страница 210: ...plays vertical total of the 4th column fr14 4403 t Displays horizontal total of the 1st line t 1 15521 Displays horizontal total of the 2nd line Displays horizontal total of the 3rd line Calculation is over t 42 14326 t 3 144 3 ri 11i i Since all data are stored as memo data in the DATA BANK with this program it will be necessary to first execute the NEW command in the WRT mode when executing this...

Страница 211: ...e that the following formula and equation are stored in the DATA BANK 1 QUADRATIC EQUATION r X B SQR Bf2 4 A Cll 2 A X B SQR B 2 t2 4 A Cll 2 A 3 HERON 4 s s A B Cl 2 S SQR S S A S B S C A formula to calculate the root of a quadratic equation and Heron s formula are stored in the DATA BANK Now calculate the root of the quadratic equation Press Q to search the quadratic equation After confirming th...

Страница 212: ...nction is highly convenient since calculating formulas stored in the DATA BANK can be applied to the Function Memory as they are Note When storing a formula name and calculating formula in the DATA BANK do not store them in one record Store the calculating formula in the record follow 1 ing the record in which the formula name i s stored ...

Страница 213: ......

Страница 214: ...etters Q R s T u v w x y z y cJ Small a b c d e f g h i J k I m n 0 P letters q r s t u v w x y z Symbols Graphic 0 I 0 x µ 0 symbols D J The characters and symbols in the above table are lined in sequence with the space being the smallest and t being the largest can be displayed by pressing El in the extension mode ...

Страница 215: ... X HYP ATN X SQR X CUR X XtX EXP X sin cos tan sinh cosh tanh Function and input range IXI 1440 Brr rad 1600gra IXI 1440 Brr rad 1600gra IXI 1440 Brr rad 1600gra except when IXI is odd multiple of 90 rr 2 rad lOOgra IXI 1 90 ASN 90 lrad rr 2 ASN rr 2 gra 100 ASN 100 IXI 1 0 ACS 1B0 rad 0 ACS rr gra 0 ACS 200 90 ATN 90 rad rr 2 ATN rr 2 gra 100 ATN 100 IXI 230 25B5092 IXI 230 25B5092 IXI 10100 sinh...

Страница 216: ...ives the value of X which is rounded of digits off at the specified digit INumber of digitsl 100 Random RAN RAN Generates a 10 digit random number numbers 0 RAN 1 1 1 1 Gives approximate value of ratio of circle circumference to diameter Decimal OMS X OMS Converts decimal number given as sexagesimal X into sexagesimal character string conversion in degrees minutes and seconds IXI 10 Sexagesimal DE...

Страница 217: ... POL IXI 10100 IYI 10100 IXI IYI 0 polar X Y numeric r is given as a function value for assign coordinate expressions ment to variable X while value of e is transformation assigned to variable Y Polar_ REC r e REC 0 r 10100 1 61 1440 8rr rad rectangular r e numeric 1600 gra coordinate expressions Gives x as a function value for assign transformation ment to variable X while value ofy is assigned t...

Страница 218: ...r in the program or Correct the error in the input Syntax error formula program The formats of left side and right side in the assigned statement differ Such as character type and numeric type I Attempted to read character in Change numeric variable to a numeric variable with READ character variable or check for READ character including space in the DATA statement Character string operation ex Sho...

Страница 219: ...tempted to use a variable that Expand the variables with the Variable error was not added DEFM statement Attempted to use the same varia Change the variable name for ble name for a numeric variable the numeric variable and and a character variable character variable Attempted to use an array name Use after declaring the array subscript that was not declared or correct the array name subscript Erro...

Страница 220: ... of a program 4 Loading programs with differ ent passwords 5 Inputting data in the data bank 6 Calling data from the data bank Error 9 SAVE SAVE or PUT command Connect a tape recorder Option error was executed without an interface When the signal input with the Reduce the playback volume LOAD LOAD or GET of the tape recorder command is erratic and cannot Set the tone control of the be loaded tape ...

Страница 221: ...factorials permutations combinations rounding random number generations 7r Statistical Calculation Functions Number of data sum of x sum of y sum of x 2 sum of y 2 sum of x Y mean of x mean of y standard deviation of x 2 types standard devia tion of y 2 types linear regression constant term linear regression co efficient correlation coefficient estimated value of x estimated value of y Commands IN...

Страница 222: ...G RAD GRA DEFM IMEMOl lli IEDITI TRACE ON PRT ON STOP Display Elements 24 digit dot matrix liquid crystal display Main Components C MOS VLSI and others Power Supply 2 lithium batteries CR2032 for the mainframe 1 lithium battery CR1220 for memory backup Power Consumption Maximum 0 07W Battery Life 1 Continuous program execution Approx 86 hours 2 Continuous display of 5555555555 at 20 C 68 F Approx ...

Страница 223: ...Dimensions 12 SH X 165W X 77Dmm W H X 60 W X 3 D Weight 139 g 4 9 oz including batteries I Specifications 213 ...

Страница 224: ...ted value 42 158 c Exclusive character variables 57 126 Character expression 98 EXP 148 Character Functions 140 Exponent 6 21 Character variables 57 111 Exponent display 21 CLEAR 107 Expression 98 Comparison expression 118 Extension mode 5 Control variable 119 Correlation coefficients 40 F cos 144 FACT 155 CSR 115 Factorial 26 155 CUR 149 File name 75 105 Cursor 6 16 FOR TO STEP NEXT 119 Cursor mo...

Страница 225: ...7 19 NEW 166 INT 151 NPR 156 Integer portion 31 Null 107 113 Number of bytes 53 64 K Number of decimal places 34 139 KEY 113 Numqer of significant digits 34 139 Numeral keys 3 L Numeric expression 98 Numeric variables 57 111 LEN 140 LET 109 0 Line number 52 64 Linear regression coefficient 41 158 ON GOSUB 122 Linear regression constant term 41 158 ON GOTO 117 Linear regression expression 41 158 On...

Страница 226: ...istical data 36 Priority Sequence 23 STOP 108 PUT 126 STR 143 Subroutine 65 R RAD radians 8 144 T RAN 160 TAN 144 Random numbers 25 160 TRACE Mode 71 READ 124 READ 170 v REC 153 VAL 142 Rectangular coordinate 33 153 Variable Expansion 60 131 Regression curve 41 Variables 22 57 REM 110 VERIFY 107 RESTORE 125 RESTORE 172 w RETURN 122 RND 152 WRITE 174 RUN 100 WRTmode 8 54 RUN mode 8 16 55 s SAVE ALL...

Страница 227: ...installation If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is en couraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures reorient the receiving antenna relocate the computer with respect to the receiver move the computer away from the receiver plug the computer into a diff...

Страница 228: ......

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