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Appendix D. Calculating
network restrictions

This section shows some common questions asked while designing networks with VOLT 100
series and how to calculate their answers. For all examples, the VOLT 108 or VOLT 116 is
connected to a GRANITE 6 data logger.

D.1 Example 1

a. How fast can a VOLT 116 make 32 single-ended measurements?

The time to make 32 single-ended measurements (which are measurements without input
or excitation reversal) is copied below from

Appendix D

(p. 51):

To make the fastest measurements possible, set f

to its maximum (30000 Hz) and T

settle

to its minimum (100 µs). With these inputs and 32 repetitions, the fastest measurement
time is calculated as 10186 µs.

=10186 µs

The GRANITE 6 has a scan rate resolution of 1 ms, so the fastest scan rate possible in this
example is 11 ms.

b. Choosing a more practical scan rate of 20 ms, what is the longest cable that could be used

between the VOLT 116 and the GRANITE 6 to make these 32 measurements?

A scan rate of 20 ms (0.02 s) equals a measurement frequency of 50 Hz (1 ÷ 0.02 s). Using
the equation found in

CPI network bit rate

(p. 36), the kilobits of data generated each

second is

Kilobits per second = (number of measurements) × (measurement frequency) × (0.064
kilobits per measurement)

= (32 measurements) × (50 Hz) × (0.064 kilobits per measurement)
= 102.4 kbps

VOLT 100 series

Содержание GRANITE VOLT 108

Страница 2: ...ducts to CSI CSI will return such Products by surface carrier prepaid within the continental United States of America To all other locations CSI will return such Products best way CIP port of entry per Incoterms 2010 This warranty shall not apply to any Products which have been subjected to modification misuse neglect improper service accidents of nature or shipping damage This warranty is in lieu...

Страница 3: ...ping address is CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC INC RMA _____ 815 West 1800 North Logan Utah 84321 1784 For all returns the customer must fill out a Statement of Product Cleanliness and Decontamination form and comply with the requirements specified in it The form is available from our website at www campbellsci com repair A completed form must be either emailed to repair campbellsci com or faxed to 435 227 9...

Страница 4: ...g work l Wear a hardhat and eye protection and take other appropriate safety precautions while working on or around tripods and towers l Do not climb tripods or towers at any time and prohibit climbing by other persons Take reasonable precautions to secure tripod and tower sites from trespassers l Use only manufacturer recommended parts materials and tools Utility and Electrical l You can be kille...

Страница 5: ...al measurements 12 7 1 1 3 Period averaging 12 7 1 2 Voltage and current excitation 12 7 1 3 Switched voltage output 12 7 1 4 Grounding terminals 13 7 1 5 Power terminals 13 7 1 5 1 Power in 13 7 1 5 2 Power out 13 7 1 6 Communications ports 13 7 1 7 LED indicators 14 7 1 7 1 COMM status 14 7 1 7 2 CPI port 14 8 Specifications 14 8 1 Voltage measurements 14 8 2 Resistance measurements 16 8 3 Volta...

Страница 6: ...tion Utility 23 9 3 4 Configuring with CPIStatus table 24 9 4 Data logger programming 25 9 4 1 Scan buffers 25 9 4 2 GRANITE Measurement Module instructions 25 9 5 Data logger connection 26 9 6 Connecting multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules 26 9 6 1 Daisy chain topology 26 9 6 2 Star topology 27 9 7 Power connection 28 9 7 1 Power up sequence 29 9 8 Earth ground connection 29 9 9 Mounting in an e...

Страница 7: ...endix A Importing Short Cut code into CRBasic Editor 41 Appendix B Analog voltage measurement range and resolution 42 Appendix C Example programs 45 C 1 Configuring GRANITE Measurement Module with CPIAddModule 45 C 2 Measuring thermocouples 46 C 3 Measuring TEMP 120 and VOLT 108 at different speeds 47 C 4 Synchronized TEMP 120 and VOLT 108 measurements 48 C 5 Controlling an AM16 32B multiplexer 49...

Страница 8: ...es to a single data logger Throughout this manual any reference to the VOLT 100 series applies to both the VOLT 108 and VOLT 116 unless specifically noted 2 Precautions l READ AND UNDERSTAND the Safety p iii section at the front of this manual l WARNING o Protect from over voltage o Protect from water o Protect from ESD electrostatic discharge l IMPORTANT Maintain a level of calibration appropriat...

Страница 9: ...nt results and store data from the VOLT 100 series The module configuration can be saved on the computer or exported as a CRBasic data logger program SURVEYOR is available as a download from www campbellsci com cs surveyor This section will guide you through reading a differential Type T thermocouple on a VOLT 100 series With minor changes these steps can apply to other compatible measurements 1 O...

Страница 10: ...9 Add Measurement s For this exercise add a Type T differential thermocouple on DIFF1 VOLT 100 series 3 ...

Страница 11: ...10 Wire the sensor according to the given wiring diagram 11 Complete the rest of the form and Apply to save the configuration VOLT 100 series 4 ...

Страница 12: ...on to stop or pause data storage become available 5 Programming quickstart using SURVEYOR Campbell Scientific SURVEYOR is an easy way to generate a simple CRBasic program for your Campbell Scientific data acquisition system 1 Configure the VOLT 100 series for measurements see Measurement quickstart using SURVEYOR p 2 VOLT 100 series 5 ...

Страница 13: ...included in installations of LoggerNet and RTDAQ The following procedure shows using Short Cut to program the data logger to measure a type T thermocouple on a VOLT 100 series 1 Open Short Cut and click Create New Program 2 Double click your GRANITE data logger 3 In the Available Sensors and Devices box start typing GRANITE You can also locate it in the Devices folder Double click the GRANITE Meas...

Страница 14: ... in the Sensors Temperature folder Double click Type T Thermocouple Type the number of type T thermocouples connected to the VOLT 100 series The temperature defaults to degree C This can be changed by clicking the Temperature units box and selecting one of the other options VOLT 100 series 7 ...

Страница 15: ...ired to the VOLT 100 series Click OK after wiring the thermocouple 6 Repeat steps four and five for other sensors you want to measure Click Next 7 In Output Setup type the scan rate a meaningful table name and the Data Output Storage Interval VOLT 100 series 8 ...

Страница 16: ...Net or RTDAQ to make sure it is making reasonable measurements 7 Overview The VOLT 100 series expands the number of analog measurement channels and increases the measurement speed potential in a data logger system GRANITE Measurement Modules operate through a data logger program and communicate using the CAN peripheral interface CPI A single data logger can operate up to 50 GRANITE Measurement Mod...

Страница 17: ...nd devices ensure that each removable wiring terminal strip is connected to the VOLT 108 and VOLT 116 in the proper location before applying power Each strip is keyed identically FIGURE 7 1 VOLT 108 Wiring panel FIGURE 7 2 VOLT 116 Wiring panel VOLT 100 series 10 ...

Страница 18: ...ction is to H L terminals configurable for differential DIFF single ended SE or period average inputs For example differential channel 1 is comprised of terminals 1H and 1L with 1H as high and 1L as low l Maximum input voltage range 5000 mV l Measurement resolution range 0 020 to 14 756 µVRMS 7 1 1 1 Single ended measurements A single ended measurement measures the difference in voltage between th...

Страница 19: ...nt to sensors The VOLT 108 has two X terminals and the VOLT 116 has four l Voltage Excitation switched analog output X terminals configured for voltage excitation output supply precise voltage in the range of 5000 mV These terminals are regularly used with resistive bridge measurements Each terminal will source up to 50 mA l Current Excitation switched analog output X terminals configured for curr...

Страница 20: ...h ground wire A good earth connection is necessary to secure the ground potential of the VOLT 100 series and shunt transients away from electronics 14 AWG wire minimum is recommended NOTE Several ground wires can be connected to the same ground terminal 7 1 5 Power terminals 7 1 5 1 Power in The removable Power connector is the connection point for external power supply components The power supply...

Страница 21: ...ash at the scan rate For faster scan rates the green LED will flash every few scans A flashing orange LED indicates bus activity A solid orange LED indicates a bus error See Table 12 3 p 40 8 Specifications All VOLT 100 series units meet electrical specifications in a standard temperature range of 40 to 70 C non condensing environment XD units are tested over an extended temperature range of 55 to...

Страница 22: ...ode rejection 120 dB with input reversal 86 dB without input reversal Normal mode rejection 70 dB at 60 Hz Input current 3 nA typical at 25 C 12 nA maximum at 50 C 100 nA maximum at 85 C 1 Accuracy specification does not include sensor error or measurement noise 2 See Table 8 1 p 15 Table 8 1 Analog voltage measurement accuracy offsets Range mV Differential with input reversal µV Differential or s...

Страница 23: ...0 34 73 28 82 17 38 57 63 50 41 40 24 18 20 72 48 35 30 68 06 14 70 34 05 29 40 25 81 40 12 29 40 72 24 58 15 134 73 7 42 67 38 14 85 10 201 40 4 97 100 72 9 93 5 401 40 2 49 200 72 4 98 2 5 801 40 1 25 400 72 2 50 1 Default settling time of 500 µs 2 Refers to multiplexing circuitry internal to the VOLT 108 116 8 2 Resistance measurements Resistance measurements for four and six wire full bridge a...

Страница 24: ...ment accuracy for ratiometric measurements For Resistance instruction the excitation current is internally measured across an internal resistor 200 Ω 0 005 25 C 2 ppm C TCR with sensor resistance determined as Vs Ix where Ix is the measured excitation current and Vs is the returned sensor signal 8 3 Voltage and current excitation Two terminals on the VOLT 108 and four terminals on the VOLT 116 can...

Страница 25: ...rall measurement accuracy of ratiometric resistance measurements 2 Current excitation meets specified accuracy when voltage at the port remains within the compliance voltage 8 4 Period averaging Terminals VOLT 108 SE 1 16 VOLT 116 SE 1 32 Range See Table 8 3 p 18 Accuracy 0 01 of reading resolution Resolution 130 ns number of cycles Table 8 3 Period average ranges Voltage gain Minimum peak to peak...

Страница 26: ...nal amplitude 20 V peak to peak 8 5 Voltage output 8 5 1 Continuous 12 VDC Terminals VOLT 108 12V VOLT 116 12V Voltage output1 12 5 0 5 VDC Current sourcing limit each 200 mA typical 180 mA minimum 1 Unregulated below 14 5 V 8 5 2 Switched 12 VDC Terminals VOLT 108 SW12V 1 VOLT 116 SW12V 1 2 Voltage output1 12 5 0 5 VDC Current sourcing limit each 200 mA typical 180 mA minimum 1 Unregulated below ...

Страница 27: ... resistance 30 Ω Current sourcing limit See FIGURE 8 1 p 20 FIGURE 8 1 Current sourcing on SW5V terminals 8 6 Module 8 6 1 Communications CPI RJ45 interface to Campbell Scientific data loggers sensors and GRANITE Measurement Modules USB USB micro B device only 2 0 full speed 12 Mbps for computer connection VOLT 100 series 20 ...

Страница 28: ...ency fN1 at 30 kHz 8 6 4 Compliance View EU Declarations of Conformity at www campbellsci com volt108 and www campbellsci com volt116 8 6 5 Physical attributes Dimensions 20 3 x 12 7 x 5 1 cm 8 0 x 5 0 x 2 0 in additional clearance required for cables and wires Weight VOLT 108 0 8 kg 1 75 lb VOLT 116 0 9 kg 1 95 lb Operating Temperature Standard 40 to 70 C Extended 55 to 85 C 9 Installation Precon...

Страница 29: ... before plugging the VOLT 100 series into your computer for the first time You will need the device driver properly installed before you can connect to the VOLT 100 series via USB SURVEYOR automatically installs the required drivers To install the device driver using the Device Configuration Utility select GRANITE VOLT 100 series Click the Install the USB driver link and follow the prompts TIP Dri...

Страница 30: ...t using SURVEYOR p 2 9 3 2 Configuring with the CPIAddModule instruction To configure a VOLT 100 series within a program use the CPIAddModule instruction A separate instruction is used for each device The CPIAddModule instruction overrides settings entered by other means such as Device Configuration Utility or the CPIStatus table CPIAddModule CDMType CDMSerialNo CDMDeviceName CPIAddress The data l...

Страница 31: ...ique address By default the VOLT 100 series uses a CPI address of 1 Allowable addresses are 1 through 120 11 Click Apply to save your changes 9 3 4 Configuring with CPIStatus table When a GRANITE Measurement Module is used in a program the data logger adds a CPIStatus table to display current CPI information View the CPIStatus table in the LoggerNet Connect screen or Device Configuration Utility D...

Страница 32: ...etting the BufferOption of the Scan instruction to a value greater than or equal to two seconds worth of scans For example if the scan rate is 50 ms 05 s set the BufferOption to 40 2 s 05 s 40 At a minimum the BufferOption should be set to 3 The data logger processes the data from the VOLT 100 series in batches according to frame syncs received from the VOLT 100 series Upon receiving a batch of da...

Страница 33: ...ed for connection to a data logger The CPI port on VOLT 100 series connects directly to the CPI port on a GRANITE data logger module CR6 and the CR1000X 9 6 Connecting multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules The CPI bus which handles the communications between the data logger and GRANITE Measurement Modules can accept addresses 1 120 Multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules may be connected to a single d...

Страница 34: ...f terminated bus is also allowed by using only the resistors at the data logger end of the network For more information see https s campbellsci com documents us technical papers cpi bus pdf 9 6 2 Star topology A star topology uses a passive RJ45 hub such as the HUB CPI to connect multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules An illustration of this is shown in FIGURE 9 2 p 28 NOTE Do not use a CPI terminat...

Страница 35: ...le check the polarity of connections before switching on power supplies NOTE When the supply voltage is below 14 5 VDC the voltage on the 12V and SW12V terminals track the power supply Voltage on these terminals is regulated to 12 5 0 5 VDC when the supply voltage is 14 5 to 32 VDC Open the power connector by inserting a screwdriver into the slots shown in FIGURE 9 3 p 29 When the screwdriver is p...

Страница 36: ... Earth ground connection Earth grounding provides protection from static discharge transients and power surges A ground lug is provided on the VOLT 100 series for connection to earth ground see Power and CPI ports view left and ground lug view right p 11 Minimum 14 AWG ground wire is recommended The earth side of the connection should be to a grounding rod or other grounded device 9 9 Mounting in ...

Страница 37: ...FIGURE 9 4 Enclosure backplate mounting If mounting to a DIN rail use the GRANITE series DIN Rail Kit as shown in the following images FIGURE 9 5 GRANITE DIN Rail Mounting Kit VOLT 100 series 30 ...

Страница 38: ... made in multiple scans slow sequences sub scans and subroutines the data logger firsts sends a message to the modules indicating which measurements are to be made upon the next data sync When the VOLT 100 series receives a sync signal it begins making measurements The measurement order on the VOLT 100 series follows the sequence of the instructions addressed to it within the current active scan o...

Страница 39: ...asurement Specialties 10K3A1A located just under its center point The VOLT 108 includes two panel temperature thermistors and the VOLT 116 includes four The thermistor has an interchangeability specification of 0 1 C for temperatures between 0 and 70 C Below freezing and at higher temperatures this specification is degraded Combined with possible errors in the completion resistor measurement and t...

Страница 40: ...of your network will allow for the calculated CPI bit rate See Table 10 2 p 36 See Calculating network restrictions p 51 for complete examples 10 4 1 Measurement speed Use the equations in Table 10 1 p 34 to ensure that the VOLT 100 series is able to make measurements at the speed required Compare that speed with the scan rate options for the data logger to determine if the VOLT 100 series measure...

Страница 41: ...ple Rate Hz Burst measurement Measurement Time µs Sample Rate Hz 1 If the instruction uses excitation calculate the measurement time separately and add 46 µs for each excitation terminal used Refer to Example 3 in Calculating network restrictions p 51 2 Refers to multiplexing circuitry internal to the VOLT 100 series series 3 Default settling time Tsettle is 500 µs minimum 100 µs NOTE The VOLT 100...

Страница 42: ... VOLT108 1 FastSE i 1 mV5000 1 False 150 500 1 0 i i 1 increment index counter after each measurement NextSubScan CallTable FastSETable NextScan EndProg 10 4 1 2 Burst measurements To measure at rates greater than the maximum sub scan rate of the data logger switch the measurement into burst mode by negating the measurement channel parameter In burst mode the measurement dwells on a single channel...

Страница 43: ...CPI network bit rate is higher than the rate that data is generated by the GRANITE Measurement Modules within the network To calculate how many kilobits per second kbps will be generated use the following equation for each GRANITE Measurement Module in your network Kilobits per second number of measurements measurement frequency 0 064 kilobits per measurement The network topology and cable length ...

Страница 44: ... 100 series devices in the program the processing mode of the data logger affects the measurement timing of each VOLT 100 series In sequential mode the VOLT 100 series devices make measurements one after the other following the order of their instructions within the program Conversely in pipeline mode the devices start their measurements simultaneously Pipeline mode is recommended NOTE In either m...

Страница 45: ...representative If the VOLT 100 series is malfunctioning be prepared to perform some troubleshooting procedures with Campbell Scientific Many problems can be resolved with a conversation If calibration or repair is needed the procedure shown in Assistance p ii should be followed when sending the product 12 Troubleshooting 1 Check the voltage of the power source at the Power connector It should be b...

Страница 46: ...t rate p 36 12 1 CPIStatus table Information in the CPIStatus table located in the data logger helps in troubleshooting The ModuleInfo array shows the following information CDM Type Serial Number Device Name CPI Address Activity The last entry in the ModuleInfo index shows the activity of the module Possible entries and their meanings are shown in the following table Table 12 1 CPIStatus activity ...

Страница 47: ...ncountered a scan timeout Solid Error 12 3 CPI port LEDs Green and Orange LEDs on the CPI bus indicate the current operation of the CPI bus as shown in the following table Table 12 3 CPI port LED activity Green Flashing Frame sync Orange Flash CPI activity Solid CPI bus fault 12 4 Replacing a GRANITE measurement module An existing VOLT 100 series or CDM A100 series can be replaced with a new modul...

Страница 48: ...e edited for additional refinement NOTE Once the file is edited with CRBasic Editor Short Cut can no longer be used to edit the program it created 2 To add the Short Cut wiring information into the new CRBasic program open the DEF file located in the C campbellsci SCWin folder and copy the wiring information which is at the beginning of the DEF file 3 Go into the CRBasic program and paste the wiri...

Страница 49: ...r differential measurements without input reversal RMS µV bits RMS µV bits 30000 5000 10 350 20 0 14 756 19 5 1000 2 239 19 9 3 148 19 4 200 0 799 19 0 1 121 18 5 15000 5000 9 012 20 2 12 819 19 7 1000 1 948 20 1 2 809 19 5 200 0 700 19 2 1 030 18 7 7500 5000 7 158 20 5 10 050 20 0 1000 1 544 20 4 2 266 19 8 200 0 553 19 5 0 817 19 0 3750 5000 5 410 20 9 7 851 20 4 1000 1 166 20 8 1 689 20 3 200 0...

Страница 50: ... 459 19 8 1000 5000 2 838 21 9 4 359 21 2 1000 0 613 21 7 0 931 21 1 200 0 220 20 9 0 343 20 2 500 5000 2 035 22 3 2 999 21 8 1000 0 445 22 2 0 659 21 6 200 0 157 21 4 0 248 20 7 100 5000 0 950 23 4 1 388 22 9 1000 0 205 23 3 0 323 22 6 200 0 071 22 5 0 131 21 6 60 5000 0 769 23 7 1 140 23 2 1000 0 162 23 6 0 261 23 0 200 0 056 22 9 0 113 21 8 50 5000 0 732 23 8 1 112 23 2 1000 0 161 23 7 0 254 23...

Страница 51: ...502 24 4 0 734 23 8 1000 0 107 24 2 0 177 23 5 200 0 031 23 7 0 088 22 2 10 5000 0 499 24 4 0 683 23 9 1000 0 108 24 2 0 161 23 7 200 0 029 23 8 0 082 22 3 5 5000 0 472 24 4 0 617 24 1 1000 0 102 24 3 0 151 23 7 200 0 024 24 1 0 082 22 3 2 5 5000 0 447 24 5 0 564 24 2 1000 0 095 24 4 0 144 23 8 200 0 020 24 3 0 077 22 4 1 First notch frequency 2 Range overhead of 6 on all ranges guarantees that fu...

Страница 52: ... Using CPIAddModule GRANITE 9 Datalogger This program sets CPI addresses and device names on VOLT108s It makes a single ended measurement on each unit s SE 1 channel Declare Variables and Units Public SEVolt1 Public SEVolt2 Public SEVolt3 Main Program BeginProg Set CPI Addresses CPIAddModule VOLT108 1234 A CPI_BusA 4 CPIAddModule VOLT108 1235 12345 CPI_BusA 5 CPIAddModule VOLT108 1236 VOLT108 in P...

Страница 53: ... number 1234 and uses the TEMP 120 to measure 20 Type T thermocouples Declare Variables and Units Public TC 20 Units TC DegC Define Data Tables DataTable Hourly TRUE 1 DataInterval 0 60 MIN 10 Average 20 TC FP2 FALSE EndTable Main Program BeginProg Set CPI Address CPIAddModule TEMP120 1234 A CPI_BUSA 4 Scan 5 SEC 3 0 Measure 20 Type T thermocouples on TEMP 120 with CPI address 4 CDM_TCComp TEMP120...

Страница 54: ...ic TC 20 Units TC DegC Define Data Tables DataTable OneSec TRUE 1 DataInterval 0 1 SEC 10 Maximum 1 strain_raw FP2 FALSE TRUE EndTable DataTable Hourly TRUE 1 DataInterval 0 60 MIN 10 Average 20 TC FP2 FALSE EndTable Main Program BeginProg MainSequence Scan 10 MSEC 20 0 Measure full bridge sensor on VOLT 108 at CPI address 1 CDM_BrFull VOLT108 CPI_BUSA 1 strain_raw 1 mV200 1 X1 1 5000 _ TRUE TRUE ...

Страница 55: ...synchronize the full bridge measurements with the thermocouple measurements Declare Variables and Units Public TC 20 Units TC DegC Public strain_raw Units strain_raw mVpV Define Data Tables DataTable OneSec TRUE 1 DataInterval 0 1 SEC 10 Average 20 TC FP2 FALSE Maximum 1 strain_raw FP2 FALSE TRUE EndTable Main Program BeginProg Scan 1 SEC 3 0 Measure 20 Type T thermocouples on TEMP 120 with CPI ad...

Страница 56: ... L 1L COM Ground High channels 1H 24H Signal high Low channels 1L 24L CPI A CPI Signal low CRBasic Example 8 Controlling an AM16 32B multiplexer GRANITE 9 Datalogger This program sets CPI Address and Device Name on VOLT108 with serial number 1234 and measures 32 differential voltages through an AM16 32B multiplexer controlled by a VOLT108 Set AM16 32B to 2x32 mode Declare Variables Dim LCount Publ...

Страница 57: ...c 32 LCount 1 increment loop counter Differential measurement on the AM16 32B Multiplexer CDM_VoltDiff VOLT108 1 MilliVolts LCount 1 mV5000 1 True 5000 60 1 0 0 Switch to next AM16 32B Multiplexer channel CDM_PulsePort VOLT108 1 1 20000 NextSubScan Turn AM16 32B Multiplexer Off CDM_SW5 VOLT108 1 2 0 0 Delay 0 150 mSec Call Data Tables and Store Data CallTable TenMin NextScan EndProg VOLT 100 serie...

Страница 58: ...ettle to its minimum 100 µs With these inputs and 32 repetitions the fastest measurement time is calculated as 10186 µs 10186 µs The GRANITE 6 has a scan rate resolution of 1 ms so the fastest scan rate possible in this example is 11 ms b Choosing a more practical scan rate of 20 ms what is the longest cable that could be used between the VOLT 116 and the GRANITE 6 to make these 32 measurements A ...

Страница 59: ...iring any change in the scan rate The data generated 102 4 kbps would be multiplied by a total of five VOLT 116s giving 512 kbps total In order to keep up with this data output the CPI speed would need to be increased to 1000 kbps This reduces the total allowable cable length to 50 ft with the use of a termination plug or 1 ft without see Network topology bit rate and cable length p 36 D 2 Example...

Страница 60: ...nsors using the default settling time 500 µs and both excitation and input reversal and achieve a resolution of less than 1 µVRMS For easier wiring limit the sensors excited per excitation terminal to four The full bridge measurement BrFull makes a differential measurement It is given that the measurement will use input reversal so the resolution is given in the third column of Analog voltage meas...

Страница 61: ... 4 and repetitions on X3 will be 2 Using the default settling time 500 µs and the first notch frequency figured earlier 100 Hz the sum of the above equations gives a total measurement time of 427511 µs 427 511 ms Therefore a practical scan rate for this setup would be 500 ms VOLT 100 series 54 ...

Страница 62: ...nnes France Phone 0033 0 1 56 45 15 20 Email info campbellsci fr Website www campbellsci fr Germany Location Bremen Germany Phone 49 0 421 460974 0 Email info campbellsci de Website www campbellsci de India Location New Delhi DL India Phone 91 11 46500481 482 Email info campbellsci in Website www campbellsci in South Africa Location Stellenbosch South Africa Phone 27 21 8809960 Email sales campbel...

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