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Appendix

BreezeNET PRO.11 Series

8-16

User’s Guide

Figure 9.9: Top View

Directional Antenna

Radiates and receives most of the signal power in one direction. The
following diagram shows the radiation pattern of a directional antenna with
its side lobes in polar form:

Figure 9.10: Radiation Pattern of Directional Antenna

Antenna Beamwidth

The directiveness of a directional antenna. Defined as the angle between two
half-power (-3 dB) points on either side of the main lobe of radiation.

Содержание AP-10 PRO.11

Страница 1: ...BreezeNET PRO 11 Series Outdoor Bridge User s Guide for models using AMP2440 250 500 July 1999 Cat No 213034 Revision 2...

Страница 2: ...d in conjunction with amp model AMP 2440 250 500 and the antennas listed in Table 1 1999 by BreezeCOM Ltd All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form without...

Страница 3: ...will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on the unit The Company does not warrant that the operation of the unit or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free Limitation of...

Страница 4: ...responsibility of the professional installer to ensure that when using the outdoor antenna kits in the United States or where FCC rules apply only these antenna configurations shown in the table in s...

Страница 5: ...solved by your reseller When requesting support please have the following items available Configuration of the system including models of the BreezeCOM equipment used Antenna type and cable lengths S...

Страница 6: ...the Ethernet Port 2 4 2 6 Check Unit Functionality using LED indicators 2 5 2 6 1 Station SA 10 SA 40 and Bridge WB 10 LEDs 2 5 2 6 2 Access Point LEDs 2 6 2 6 3 Verifying the Ethernet Connection 2 6...

Страница 7: ...tion Relay 5 11 4 3 Outdoor Installation Considerations 5 13 4 3 1 Site Selection Factors 5 13 4 3 2 Rooftop Installation 5 14 4 3 3 Antennas for Outdoor Applications 5 14 4 3 4 Antenna Seal 5 16 4 3...

Страница 8: ...tion 9 13 8 4 2 RF Terms and Definitions 9 13 8 5 IEEE 802 11 Technical Tutorial 9 20 8 5 1 Architecture Components 9 20 8 5 2 IEEE 802 11 Layers Description 9 21 8 5 3 The MAC Layer 9 22 8 5 4 How Do...

Страница 9: ...ngth or type of 50 ohm coax transmission can be used Since BreezeNET PRO 11 AMP2440 System are shipped labeled as BreezeNET PRO 11 AMP2440 250 System for a 250mW output and a BreezeNET PRO 11 AMP2440...

Страница 10: ...gain antennas accurate antenna alignment etc Those activities can be done ONLY by professional installers that are familiar with the FCC regulations BreezeCOM do not play in the consumer business at...

Страница 11: ......

Страница 12: ......

Страница 13: ...Chapter 3 Device Setup and Management Describes how to use the local terminal to setup configure and manage BreezeNET PRO 11 Series units Chapter 4 Planning and Installing Wireless LANs Provides guide...

Страница 14: ...ng Support for both translation and transparent bridging as defined in the IEEE 802 1 h and RFC 1042 standards Seamless Roaming Network connection is maintained while roaming between overlapping cover...

Страница 15: ...used in conjunction with amp model AMP 2440 250 500 and the antennas listed in this manual Mobile workstations such as laptops and hand held devices can roam between Access Points that belong to the...

Страница 16: ...agram is for illustrative purposes only It should not be confused with the transceiver operating in a standalone mode When this diagram is in use the transceiver will be used in conjunction with amp m...

Страница 17: ...to allow long range connections or connections with longer cable runs The diagram below shows a typical installation of the BreezeNet and AMP2440 See the addendum at the end of this manual for instruc...

Страница 18: ...where FCC rules apply only these configurations are used The use of any antenna other than those listed below is expressly forbidden in accordance to FCC rules CFR47 part 15 204 Table 1 FCC Type Accep...

Страница 19: ...the AP 10 forwards the message wirelessly to the station If the message has a destination address that the AP 10 does not recognize the AP 10 ignores the message The AP 10 is constantly listening for...

Страница 20: ...he SA 10 and SA 40 that connect directly to stations the WB 10 wireless bridge connects to a wired Ethernet LAN Hub When a station on the WB 10 s LAN sends a message that is not destined for a local s...

Страница 21: ...tandard installation involves the following steps Check the Package List Position the unit and the antenna in the best location Connect the power supply to the unit Connect the Ethernet port to the un...

Страница 22: ...2 3 Position the Unit BreezeNET PRO 11 wireless LAN products are robust trouble free units designed to operate efficiently under a wide range of conditions The following guidelines are provided to he...

Страница 23: ...gh shelf or can be attached to the ceiling or a wall using a mounting bracket Central Location Install the Access Point in a central location in the intended coverage area Good positions are In the ce...

Страница 24: ...2 5 Connect the Unit to the Ethernet Port Connect one end of a an Ethernet 10BaseT cable not supplied to the RJ 45 port on the rear panel of the unit marked UTP Connect the other end of the connector...

Страница 25: ...upply On After successful power up Off Power off WLNK WLAN Link On Unit is synchronized or associated with an AP Off Unit is not synchronized or associated with an AP ETHR Ethernet activity On Recepti...

Страница 26: ...of data from Ethernet LAN that is forwarded to WLAN LOAD WLAN load Number of associated stations no stations 1 8 stations 9 16 stations 17 or more stations 2 6 3 Verifying the Ethernet Connection Onc...

Страница 27: ...In addition all products in the series contain an SNMP agent and are configurable remotely via the network Note Reset the unit after making configuration changes so that the changes will take effect 3...

Страница 28: ...10 Only Total Number of Associations since last reset SA 10 40 WB 10 Only Current Number of Associations AP Maximum Number of Associations since last reset AP Current Number of Authentications AP Max...

Страница 29: ...3 Max Number of Re Transmissions 2 3 4 Number of Dwells to Re Transmit 2 3 5 Max Multicast Rate 2 3 6 Power Saving Not activated 2 3 7 DTIM Period Not activated 2 3 8 IP Stack 2 3 9 Acknowledge Delay...

Страница 30: ...2 Change Installer Password 4 3 Show Current Access Right Option 1 3 5 Transmit Antenna has the default value Use 2 for the SA 40 unit only Option 1 3 7 Load Sharing has the default value Enabled for...

Страница 31: ...tion For example if the unit is an Access Point AP appears in this field If the unit is a Station Adapter SA 10 SA 40 or a WB 10 SA appears in this field Unit H W Address Displays the unit s unique IE...

Страница 32: ...ndication of roaming When the unit is an AP this field indicates how many stations are currently associated with this particular AP Current Number of Authentications AP Only The current number of stat...

Страница 33: ...grouped in three hopping sets The hopping set selected in the Hopping Set screen see next parameter determines which hopping sequences are available in this screen When setting up multiple APs in the...

Страница 34: ...ission the unit selects the antenna from which it will transmit It usually uses the antenna last used for successful transmission In models with external antennas sometimes only a single antenna is us...

Страница 35: ...displays current WLAN parameters Press any key to return to the WLAN Parameters Menu 3 4 4 Bridging The Bridging Menu contains the following options LAN to WLAN Bridging Mode AP Only The options are...

Страница 36: ...is enabled Broadcast packets originated in WLAN devices are transmitted by the AP back to the WLAN devices as well as to the LAN If it is disabled these packets are sent only to the local wired LAN a...

Страница 37: ...chronization a station will send a request for authentication and immediately receive a successful authentication message from the AP 2 frames Shared Key authentication for users with access keys This...

Страница 38: ...e key is made of 10 Hex 0 9 A F characters In order to change the unit to work in shared key authentication all four keys must be entered Entering zeros 0000000000 which is the default for this parame...

Страница 39: ...g unit performance Dwell Time AP Only The time spent on a radio channel before hopping to the next channel in the sequence The default value is 128ms RTS Threshold read only Minimum packet size to req...

Страница 40: ...all the time uses full power Enable Power Save Mode In this mode the station has two states Awake state uses full power Doze sleep state uses approximately 5 power Enable and test PM bit In this mode...

Страница 41: ...ime interval ACK Timeout for an ACK packet to be received If the ACK is not received during that interval the unit will assume the transmission has failed and will retransmit the packet In links longe...

Страница 42: ...enabled the unit will automatically switch to the best transmission rate at any given time Multi Rate Decision Window Size read only This parameter indicates the number of packets to be used for multi...

Страница 43: ...will not be a proper network connection 3 6 Site Survey Menu BreezeNET PRO 11 Series SA 10 Version 4 3 10 Date 15 Feb 1999 23 49 56 Site Survey menu 1 System Counters 2 Survey Software 3 Event Log 4...

Страница 44: ...tains the following options Display Ethernet and WLAN Counters Choose this option to display the current value of the Ethernet and Wireless counters Ethernet Counters Ethernet counters display statist...

Страница 45: ...port These mainly include frames that have been received from the Wireless side but also includes frames generated by the unit itself Wireless LAN Counters Wireless counters display statistics about...

Страница 46: ...smitted Fragments The total number of transmitted frames The count includes data control and management frames and the number of retransmissions of data frames for example if the same data frame is re...

Страница 47: ...r should relatively correspond to the number of retransmitted fragments on the other side Duplicates and Dwell timeouts When a unit receives a frame it sends an acknowledgement for it If the acknowled...

Страница 48: ...st Factory Defaults reset The Event log stores events in four levels of error notifications Message Warning Error and Fatal Erase Event Log Erase a specific event log Event Storage Policy Defines stor...

Страница 49: ...ftware 1 Roughly align the antennas on either side of the link before starting the Site Survey procedure 2 Verify that the Ethernet cables are disconnected from both units 3 Press 1 to go to the Opera...

Страница 50: ...istics 6 On the receive side of the link the screen displays a table showing the packet number received the antenna port that was selected for the reception the Received Signal Strength Indicator RSSI...

Страница 51: ...56 3 71 2 110 111 0 55 3 Figure 3 6 Receive Statistics 7 The RSSI is given in arbitrary units Use the following graph Figure 3 7 to correlate RSSI to dBm RSSI Vs dBm 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 30...

Страница 52: ...number of frames received on each channel BreezeNET PRO 11 Series AP 10 Version 4 3 10 Date 15 Feb 1999 23 49 56 Max 187 Min 112 2 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Hit any key to return Figure 3 8 Display Rx Pac...

Страница 53: ...taller Password S Show Current Access Right Select option Figure 3 9 Access Control Menu The Access Control menu includes the following options Change Access Rights This screen determines the level of...

Страница 54: ...arameters and settings Change Installer Password Type in the new password according to the directions on screen This screen changes the installer password to prevent unauthorized persons from making a...

Страница 55: ...up Single Cell Configuration The wireless LAN consists of an Access Point and the wireless workstations associated with it Overlapping Cell Configuration The wireless LAN consists of two or more adjac...

Страница 56: ...installations refer to Figure 5 1 require directional antennas at either end of the link To select the best antenna for a specific application consider the following factors Distance between sites Re...

Страница 57: ...and wireless stations In a motor vehicle for example you can install an SA 10 in the cabin and mount the antennas on the roof 4 1 1 4 Extending the LAN with WLAN Bridging The figures below demonstrat...

Страница 58: ...n Two or More Wireless LAN Segments 4 1 1 5 Setting Up a Single BreezeNET Cell To set up a single BreezeNET cell 1 Install the Access Point refer to section 2 Basic Installation Be sure to position th...

Страница 59: ...ccess Point 5 Proceed to setup the other workstations Figure 5 3 Single Cell Configuration Disclaimer This diagram is for illustrative purposes only It should not be confused with the transceiver oper...

Страница 60: ...through the overlapping coverage areas without losing its network connection This attribute is called Seamless Roaming Figure 5 4 Three Overlapping Cells To set up overlapping BreezeNET cells 1 Instal...

Страница 61: ...signal strength of the first Access Point 8 Disconnect the second Access Point from the power supply and re connect the first Access Point View the LED indicators of the front panel of the Station Ada...

Страница 62: ...ps throughput The calculation is 5 5 1 5 1 6 Two Access Points should be used This method is accurate only for the first few Access Points The aggregate throughput of the common coverage area is equal...

Страница 63: ...10 User s Guide Note It is not necessary at this point to connect the Access Points to an Ethernet backbone since Access Points continuously transmit signals beacon frames whether they are connected t...

Страница 64: ...ce refer to section 2 Basic Installation 2 Install a WB at the remote site refer to section 2 Basic Installation 3 Install an AP WB pair in a high location that has a clear line of sight to both the m...

Страница 65: ...tion 6 If desired an additional AP may be added at the main office and remote site and between each AP WB pair to provide wireless LANs at those points see illustration Figure 5 7 Advanced Multihop Co...

Страница 66: ...en the two antennas Any obstacles in the path of the line degrade the propagation path The best propagation path is therefore a clear line of sight with good clearance between the line and any physica...

Страница 67: ...e connecting the antennas at the two sites to ground level Ground level in an open area is the actual ground In dense urban areas ground level is the average height of the buildings between the antenn...

Страница 68: ...rrow beamwidth necessitating an alignment procedure in order to optimize the link Check antenna alignment by using the LED indicators on the front panel of whichever adapter is used in the link WB 10D...

Страница 69: ...flected or deflected off of the object creating multiple propagation paths When installing a single antenna modify the transmit antenna option to either antenna 1 or antenna 2 according to the antenna...

Страница 70: ...ote The maximum distance of 10Km 7 miles is achieved using 24 dBi antennas 4 2 7 Using Outdoor Range Tables Outdoor installations must have a clear line of sight Solid obstacles such as buildings or h...

Страница 71: ...garding maximum antenna gains vary from country to country It is the responsibility of the end user to operate within the limits of these regulations and to ensure that the professional installer is a...

Страница 72: ...tor to each cable as close as possible to the point where it enters the building It also entails proper grounding of the arrestors and of the antenna mast if the antenna is connected to one The lightn...

Страница 73: ...from transients originating from lightning or EMP The AL 1 is gas tube based and is not radioactive The gas discharge tube can sustain several transients if the time period between transients is suff...

Страница 74: ...sion This causes the flash memory to be cleared Do not reset the device now 4 Use TFTP to download the software file to the device Use the tables below to determine the specific file to use according...

Страница 75: ...t SA or WB side by side Power on each unit and see if a wireless link is established even D models without their external antennas should establish a link if placed side by side with the AP If the uni...

Страница 76: ...connection 4 Check monitor messages for errors or other indications of problems 5 Check station counters to verify increase in Ethernet counters which indicates Ethernet activity High quality signal b...

Страница 77: ...r See section Error Reference source not found 8 2 1 WLAN Counters When checking WLAN counters total retransmitted fragments should be below 10 of total transmitted bridge frames If total retransmitte...

Страница 78: ...11 Technical Tutorial Introduces the new 802 11 standard 8 1 Supported MIBs and Traps This chapter lists MIBs and traps supported by BreezeNET PRO 11 Series products 8 1 1 Supported MIBs All products...

Страница 79: ...ion has roamed out of this AP s range The trap contains the MAC address of the station that roamed out brzSTAassociated brzLastAPMacAddr brzTrapAPMac brzTrapLastRssiQuality brzTrapRssiQuality A statio...

Страница 80: ...interface two antennas Integrated or External Radio Specifications Type Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FHSS Frequency range 2 4 GHz 2 4835 GHz ISM band different ranges available for countries usin...

Страница 81: ...Range Access Point to Station Depends on rate and antenna cable length quality Accurate values must be calculated for specific installations Refer to section 4 2 7 Using Outdoor Range Tables Range un...

Страница 82: ...ure 32 F 105 F 0 C 40 C Operating Humidity 5 95 non condensing Note All specifications are subject to change without notice 8 2 2 Specifications for AL 1 Lightning Arrestor Turn on voltage 75V Inserti...

Страница 83: ...ell as for outdoor point to point and point to multipoint remote bridging applications Wireless LANs are designed to be modular and very flexible They can also be optimized for different environments...

Страница 84: ...tdoor environments wireless LANs are especially suited to indoor locations such as office buildings manufacturing floors hospitals and universities The basic building block of the wireless LAN is the...

Страница 85: ...wireless LAN cell requires some communications and traffic management This is coordinated by an Access Point AP which communicates with each wireless station in its coverage area Stations also communi...

Страница 86: ...s LAN Connectivity Roaming When any area in the building is within reception range of more than one Access Point the cells coverage is said to overlap Each wireless station automatically establishes t...

Страница 87: ...continuously searching for the best AP In order to minimize packet loss during switchover the old and new APs communicate to coordinate the process Load Balancing Congested areas with many users and h...

Страница 88: ...rtant for fixed outdoor installations where signal quality is stable Media Access When many users are located in the same area performance becomes an issue To address this issue wireless LANs use the...

Страница 89: ...t during the following Xmsec so they can not transmit even if the medium seems to be free the transmitting unit is out of range Channelization Using Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FHSS different ho...

Страница 90: ...tercepted by the receiving antenna which converts it back to an RF signal Ideally this RF signal is the same as that originally generated by the transmitter The original information is then demodulate...

Страница 91: ...or output Attenuation is expressed in dB as follows PdB 10 x Log Pout Pin For example If due to attenuation half the power is lost Pout Pin 1 2 attenuation in dB is 10 x Log 1 2 3dB Path Loss Loss of...

Страница 92: ...f the radiation intensity in a given direction to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the power accepted by the antenna was radiated equally in all directions isotropically Antenna gain...

Страница 93: ...n one direction The following diagram shows the radiation pattern of a directional antenna with its side lobes in polar form Figure 9 10 Radiation Pattern of Directional Antenna Antenna Beamwidth The...

Страница 94: ...Pout Output power of transmitted in dBm Ct Transmitter cable attenuation in dB Gt Transmitting antenna gain in dBi Gr Receiving antenna gain in dBi L Path loss in dB Cr Receiver cable attenuation is d...

Страница 95: ...ding Fading of the RF signal is caused by several factors Multipath The transmitted signal arrives at the receiver from different directions with different path lengths attenuation and delays The summ...

Страница 96: ...e of sight exists if an imaginary straight line can be drawn connecting the antennas on either side of the link Clear Line of Sight A clear line of sight exists when no physical objects obstruct viewi...

Страница 97: ...ponents of the Standard The document does not cover the entire Standard and does not provide enough information for the reader to implement an 802 11 compliant device for this purpose the reader shoul...

Страница 98: ...described above Figure 9 14 Typical 802 11 LAN The standard also defines the concept of a Portal A portal is a device that interconnects between an 802 11 and another 802 LAN This concept is an abstr...

Страница 99: ...re well known in the industry the most popular being Ethernet which is a CSMA CD protocol CD standing for Collision Detection A CSMA protocol works as follows A station desiring to transmit senses the...

Страница 100: ...led Distrib uted Inter Frame Space DIFS in the standard then the station is allowed to transmit 2 The receiving station checks the CRC of the received packet and sends an acknowledgment packet ACK Rec...

Страница 101: ...mechanism also reduces the overhead of collisions since these are recognized faster than if the whole packet was to be transmitted This is true if the packet is significantly bigger than the RTS so t...

Страница 102: ...ransmission will be postponed after dwell time However it doesn t make sense to introduce a new LAN protocol that cannot deal with packets 1518 bytes long which are used on Ethernet so the committee d...

Страница 103: ...capable of decoding the incoming packet On the 802 11 FH PHY this value is set to 28 microseconds PIFS Point Coordination IFS is used by the Access Point or Point Coordinator as called in this case t...

Страница 104: ...um at the beginning of the previous slot This reduces collision probability by half Exponential Backoff means that each time the station chooses a slot and happens to collide it will increase the maxi...

Страница 105: ...e Authentication Process Once the station has located an Access Point and decides to join its BSS it goes through the Authentication Process This is the interchange of information between the AP and t...

Страница 106: ...rames These frames contain the value of the AP s clock at the moment of transmission note that this is the moment when transmission actually occurs and not when it is put in the queue for transmission...

Страница 107: ...ry frame is sent with an Initialization Vector which restarts the PRNG for each frame Self Synchronizing The algorithm re synchronizes for each message This is necessary in order to work in a connecti...

Страница 108: ...and ACK and Management Frames which are frames that are transmitted in the same manner as data frames to exchange management information but are not forwarded to upper layers e g beacon frames Each f...

Страница 109: ...orrectly detect the end of packet PLCP Signaling Field which currently contains only the rate informa tion encoded in 0 5 Mbps increments from 1 Mbit s to 4 5 Mbit s Header Error Check Field Which is...

Страница 110: ...ciation Request 00 Management 0011 Reassociation Response 00 Management 0100 Probe Request 00 Management 0101 Probe Response 00 Management 0110 0111 Reserved 00 Management 1000 Beacon 00 Management 10...

Страница 111: ...ent is a retransmission of a previously transmitted fragment This is used by the receiver station to recognize duplicate transmissions of frames that may occur when an Acknowledgment packet is lost Po...

Страница 112: ...e AP address if it is not set then it is the Station address Address 3 is in most cases the remaining missing address On a frame with FromDS set to 1 Address 3 is the original Source Address if the fr...

Страница 113: ...in the frame CRC The CRC is a 32 bit field containing a 32 bit Cyclic Redundancy Check CRC 8 5 11 Most Common Frame Formats 8 5 11 1 RTS Frame Format The RTS frame looks as follows Figure 9 20 RTS Fr...

Страница 114: ...TS frame minus the time in microseconds required to transmit the CTS frame and its SIFS interval 8 5 11 3 ACK Frame Format The ACK frame looks as follows Figure 9 22 ACK Frame Format The Receiver Addr...

Страница 115: ...l enable regular stations to access the medium there is a provision that the Access Point must leave enough time for Distributed Access in between the PCF 8 5 13 Ad hoc Networks In certain circumstanc...

Страница 116: ...Appendix BreezeNET PRO 11 Series 8 39 User s Guide AMP2440 250 AMP2440 500 Installation Instructions...

Страница 117: ...r level at the input of the amplifier The most important consideration is the cable loss in the transmission cable between the radio and the pole mounted amp It is important that the installer underst...

Страница 118: ...RF connectors on the amplifier However it is recommended that you do not seal the connectors until after all system tests have been performed Be sure to use the high quality weather resistant vapor wr...

Страница 119: ...ne This allows the cable to carry both RF signals and DC power to the mast mounted amplifier Transmit LED This LED glows RED when the pole mounted amplifier goes into the transmit The Remote Transmit...

Страница 120: ...240 VAC power Operation The unit operates automatically and there are no user adjustments The amplifier is only intended for use with the BreezeNET Radios These radios ping pong back and forth betwee...

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