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6. SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

6.1 Using the COMPOSER PRO for recording and cassette duplication

In the recording and duplication field the goal should always be to achieve an optimum recording level onto the

recording media. Too low or too high recording levels lead to side effects such as noise, distortion etc. In

mastering and multitrack recording, as well as in duplication, one should always take care to utilize the full

dynamic range of the tape recorder, DAT recorder etc. Principally, it is possible to control the recording level

by  “riding“ faders, which means with low level signals, the gain is increased, whereas the amplitude of high

level signal is reduced. It is obvious that this method is insufficient because, especially in live recordings, the

expected signal levels cannot be anticipated correctly. Especially with multitrack recordings, which are run

under hectic circumstances, the signal level of all channels cannot be monitored and controlled at the same

time. Generally, with manual control, it is not possible to achieve satisfying recording results.
An automatic gain control system achieves better and more constant results. Use the COMPOSER PRO by

starting with the initial settings, and use its dynamic control functions in order to be able to drive an analogue,

as well as a digital recording, up to the limit of its maximum dynamic range while remaining noise- and

distortion-free.

6.1.1 The COMPOSER PRO In Digital Recording And Sampling

In an analogue recording, too low recording levels lead to an increased noise level, whereas too high levels

will cause a compressed and “squashed“ sound. In extreme cases, it will cause distortion due to tape saturation.

In contrast to analogue, side effects in the digital field always become extremely audible: with decreasing

level, a tape previously recorded with insufficient level loses resolution: the recording sounds “hard“ and

loses “atmosphere“. With excessive level, the recording sounds harsh and heavily distorted. In order to avoid

these effects, the Peak Limiter section of the COMPOSER PRO should be placed before for example a

sampler. As a result of this process, a digital recording or a sampling event can be optimally set in level

without any problem.

6.1.2 The COMPOSER PRO In Mastering

The mastering process is one of the most critical processing steps in recording. In this production step, it is

the goal to achieve a “maximum level“ copy of the recording, without any noise or distortion. In many applications

it is further required to produce a high average volume. In the field of commercial media for example, this is

apparent especially with records and cassettes which are processed with high average volumes. Quite often

in these cases, dynamics suffer drastically, because the program material has been compressed and limited

too heavily. Using the Compressor and the Peak Limiter section of the COMPOSER PRO allows you to

drastically increase the overall volume, without audibly affecting the dynamics.
Proceed as follows:
1. Limit the dynamics of the program material by 6 dB using the Peak Limiter section. By softly clipping just

the transients, the real audio signal will not be limited, resulting in a higher headroom. The overall gain can

now be increased by 6 dB, which leads to a higher volume. More than 6 dB should not be limited, otherwise

side effects could become audible.

2. Therefore, in addition, you should also use compression. It is recommended that the compression is

limited to the “first“ 6 dB of the dynamic range only. A high threshold level in addition to the auto mode will

give good results.

This effect is particularly noticeable with DAT recorders, whose level indicators achieve a response time of

less than 1 ms. Set the DAT recorder at unity and now reduce the LEVEL control of the peak limiter until the

LIM LED starts to illuminate. The “cut“ signal peaks cause a reduced recording level of about 6 dB, which is

visible on the level indicators of the DAT recorder. Now increase the recording level of the recorder back to

unity. The result is a clearly louder recording without any loss of sound.

6. SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

Содержание COMPOSER PRO MDX2200

Страница 1: ...1 E User s Manual Bedienungsanleitung D COMPOSER PRO MDX2200 Version 1 1 May 1998 www behringer de...

Страница 2: ...ct COMPOSER PRO MDX2200 Type designation and if applicable Article No which refers to this declaration is in accordance with the following standards or standardized documents x EN 60065 x EN 61000 3 2...

Страница 3: ...air through the ventilation openings Heat The appliance should be situated away from heat sources such as radiators heat registers stoves or other appliance including amplifiers that produce heat Powe...

Страница 4: ...e Gain Control peak limiter combines clipper with program limiter circuits s Extremely low noise operational amplifiers and high grade VCA s s High quality detent potentiometers and backlit switches s...

Страница 5: ...se you are the most important member of the BEHRINGER family With your highly competent suggestions for new products you ve greatly contributed to shaping our company and making it successful In retur...

Страница 6: ...1 Controlling Leakage In The Studio 20 5 2 2 Initial Settings For The Expander Gate Section 21 5 2 3 Reducing Leakage In Stage Mics 21 5 2 4 Reducing Feedback In Stage Mics 21 5 2 5 Noise Reduction On...

Страница 7: ...As A De Esser 29 7 2 2 Frequency Selective Filtering Of Unwanted Signals 30 7 2 3 Suppressing Instruments During Recording 30 7 2 4 Emphasizing Musical Instruments During Recording 30 7 3 Anticipated...

Страница 8: ...are essential to the loudness perceived by the listener the midrange frequencies IRC Interactive Ratio Control Expander A basic problem in the use of a compressor is the fact that the noise floor is h...

Страница 9: ...is heard as noise Even the best possible tape biasing can only provide signal to noise ratios of about 70 dB which is not acceptable today since the demands of listeners have increased Due to the law...

Страница 10: ...e gain is reduced Of course it is fairly obvious that this kind of manual control is rather restrictive it is difficult to detect signal peaks and it is almost impossible to level them out Manual cont...

Страница 11: ...Audio in general is only as good as the source from which it was derived The dynamic range of signals will often be restricted by noise Synthesizers effects devices guitar pickups amplifiers etc gener...

Страница 12: ...e unit in the event of power supply disconnection or failure These relays are also active at switch on to isolate the COMPOSER PRO until the power rails have settled thus preventing the possibility of...

Страница 13: ...sure that your local voltage matches the voltage required by the unit The fuse holder on the female mains connector has 3 triangular markers with two of these triangles opposing each other Your COMPO...

Страница 14: ...have to be bridged Fig 3 2 Different plug types Never use unbalanced XLR connections with microphone cables as this would short circuit any phantom power transmitted over these cables 3 4 Selecting t...

Страница 15: ...elements of expander gate section 2 Use the THRESHOLD control to determine the threshold point below which expansion occurs The range of this control is from OFF to 15 dB 3 The RATIO control is used t...

Страница 16: ...the increase or decrease of the output signal by a maximum of 20 dB Thus a level loss due to the compression or limiting process can be compensated for Please note when using the THRESHOLD control of...

Страница 17: ...displayed The meter is referenced to the operating level 10 dBV or 4 dBu adjusted with the OPERATING LEVEL switch 4 3 Peak Limiter Section Fig 4 4 Control elements of the peak limiter section 19 The p...

Страница 18: ...apter 24 AUDIO IN These are the audio inputs of your COMPOSER PRO available both as balanced 6 3 mm jack and XLR connectors 25 AUDIO OUT These are the audio outputs of your COMPOSER PRO Matching phone...

Страница 19: ...ly the threshold is set quite low in order to be able to increase low level signals Levelling requires slow attack and release times combined with a high ratio Because of the very slow response time l...

Страница 20: ...e balanced program material Since the expander gate adapts itself automatically to the program mate rial you will note that the new IRC Interactive Ratio Control circuit produces considerably better r...

Страница 21: ...o 1 8 If the controls are set correctly the drum sounds will be dry sharp and clearly defined If you do not have enough mics or COMPOSER PRO channels to record each instrument separately try to create...

Страница 22: ...the decay of the instrument In SLOW mode the signal is gently faded out in FAST mode the duration of the reverberation can be removed completely 5 3 Compressor Section The task of a compressor is to r...

Страница 23: ...he INPUT OUTPUT LEVEL meter Final adjustments of the controls can then be made to suit your particular requirements including the RATIO ATTACK and RELEASE controls The AUTO function of the attack and...

Страница 24: ...s of both kick drum and bass guitar are usually processed individually The side chain filter is therefore ideally suited to apply overall compression in the mix down to compress the music while increa...

Страница 25: ...ding If the LIM comes on regularly or is on constantly the OUTPUT control of the Compressor section must be turned down as this control sets the level of the signal which is routed to the Peak Limiter...

Страница 26: ...d heavily distorted In order to avoid these effects the Peak Limiter section of the COMPOSER PRO should be placed before for example a sampler As a result of this process a digital recording or a samp...

Страница 27: ...ng console output and the power amplifier input It is used as the last link in the chain preceding the power amp Thus you can effectively avoid the technical knockout of the midrange tweeter range cau...

Страница 28: ...placing adverts What is volume Volume is defined as the relationship between the average level of program material to peak to peak level in response to amplitude and duration The higher the average l...

Страница 29: ...an sometimes cause an otherwise normal and undistorted voice to sound very harsh shrill and sometimes unintelligible The solution is frequency conscious compression or limiting The unit responds only...

Страница 30: ...n the previous chapter 7 2 1 The COMPOSER PRO As A De Esser This will result in compression of the selected frequencies and thus a decrease in the gain of the program material 7 2 3 Suppressing Instru...

Страница 31: ...led by the announcer s microphone which is connected to the SC RETURN input via a preamplifier The music output and the announcer s voice are then mixed This application is known as voice over compres...

Страница 32: ...0 kHz 0 0 5 dB Frequency Response 0 35 Hz to 200 kHz 0 3 dB Noise 95 dBu unweighted 22 Hz to 22 kHz THD 0 008 typ 4 dBu 1 kHz Gain 1 0 04 typ 20 dBu 1 kHz Gain 1 IMD 0 01 typ SMPTE Crosstalk 100 dB 22...

Страница 33: ...omes master INDICATORS GAIN REDUCTION 12 element LED display 1 2 4 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 dB INPUT OUTPUT LEVEL 12 element LED display 30 24 18 12 6 0 3 6 9 12 18 dB Expander Gate Threshold 2 LED fo...

Страница 34: ...all not entitle the buyer to claim consequential damages In no event shall the liability of BEHRINGER INTERNA TIONAL exceed the invoiced value of the product 7 OTHER WARRANTY RIGHTS This warranty does...

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