Zero
Zero
Zero
Zero-
-
-
-setting and Measurement
setting and Measurement
setting and Measurement
setting and Measurement
Ze
Ze
Ze
Zero
ro
ro
ro-
-
-
-setting
setting
setting
setting
【Caution】
◇
Zero-set the instrument at the beginning of each day before use as well as after replacing the batteries.
◇
Let water on the prism acclimate to the temperature of the instrument before zero-setting.
◇
When
“
AAA
”
is displayed, wipe the prism clean, apply water, and press the ZERO button again.
3.
3.
3.
3.
M
M
M
Measure
easure
easure
easurement : not
ment : not
ment : not
ment : not 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Press the ZERO
button while the
water is on the
prism.
4.
4.
4.
4.
Zero-setting is
complete when
“
000
”
blinks
twice and then stops.
M
M
M
Measure
easure
easure
easurement :
ment :
ment :
ment : 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.
1.
1.
1.
Wipe the prism clean and
apply about 0.3ml of
tap/distilled water.
2.
2.
2.
2.
Press the START
button, and after
“
---
”
appears, the
measurement and the
prism temperature are
displayed.
The instrument is zero-set
correctly.
Pr
Pr
Pr
Proceed to
oceed to
oceed to
oceed to measurement
measurement
measurement
measurement
.
Wipe the prism clean with
tissue paper.
Measurement
Measurement
Measurement
Measurement
【Caution】
◇
Do not use metal tools to apply samples on the prism as they may scratch the prism.
◇
Initial measurements may fluctuate with hot or cold samples. Wait for the instrument to acclimate to the sample temperature,
approximately 20 seconds, to press the START button. Alternatively, press the START button multiple times until
measurements become stable.
◇
Do not splash water above 50℃. The plastic may warp, which may compromise the water resistance.
•
When measuring hot samples, place only the necessary amount and do not let it overflow from the sample stage well.
•
When hot water is necessary to clean off hardened samples, use water-soaked gauze around the prism area and keep hot
water away from the body case.
◇
The displayed temperature is that of the prism and may not necessarily match the temperature of the sample.
1.
1.
1.
1.
Wipe the prism clean and
apply about 0.3ml of the sample.
2.
2.
2.
2.
Press the START
button
3.
3.
3.
3.
After
“
---
”
appears, the
measurement and the prism
temperature are displayed.
<
<
<
<LCD Auto Shut
LCD Auto Shut
LCD Auto Shut
LCD Auto Shut-
-
-
-off
off
off
off>
>
>
>
The instrument will turn itself off after 2 minutes of inactivity. To manually turn it off, hold down the START
button for more than 2 seconds.
<
<
<
<For oily/fatty samples
For oily/fatty samples
For oily/fatty samples
For oily/fatty samples>
>
>
>
Try stirring the sample on the prism while measuring to improve the repeatability of oily/fatty samples.
Clea
Clea
Clea
Cleaning
ning
ning
ning
Wipe off the sample, rinse with water, and wipe off the water to clean the sample stage thoroughly.
Dry the sample stage completely with dry tissues.
Measurement Value
Measurement Value
Measurement Value
Measurement Value
This unit converts refractive index into TDS (total dissolved solids) for convenient concentration measurements of cutting oil.
The relationship between the concentration of cutting oil and its refractive index differs with each type of oil.
Therefore, to determine the concentration of each type of oil, each solution should have its own custom conversion table to compensate for the value
displayed by instrument.
Conversion method (in the case of water based solutions)
<
<
<
<How to calculate the Conversion Factor
How to calculate the Conversion Factor
How to calculate the Conversion Factor
How to calculate the Conversion Factor>
>
>
>
E.g.) For an oil solution, with a concentration of 5% (dilution ratio at 20 times), mix 95ml of water to 5ml of undiluted solution.
For this example, assume the displayed value, on the instrument, is 4.0.
Next, convert the displayed value using the following relationship to determine the conversion factor; Actual concentration
÷
Displayed value, Ex: (5.0
÷
4.0
= 1.25 ).
Once the conversion factor in known (1.25 in this example), measuring a sample with an unknown concentration is simple.
Taking an unknown sample, assume that the measured value is 3.0.
Using the simple formula, displayed value
×
conversion factor (3.0
×
1.25) the actual concentration of the sampled measured is 3.75.
<
<
<
<Offset feature use
Offset feature use
Offset feature use
Offset feature use>
>
>
>
Program a conversion factor to automatically display adjusted measurement
In the example above, the measurement values multiplied by the factor of 1.25 will be displayed.
Offset Function
Offset Function
Offset Function
Offset Function
1.
1.
1.
1.
Hold down
ZERO while it
is turned on.
“
b
”
wil appear.
2.
2.
2.
2.
Press ZERO
to select either
addition (b) or
subtraction (-b).
3.
3.
3.
3.
Press START
to confirm.
4.
4.
4.
4.
Enter the addition/subtraction number.
ZERO to change the number:
0
,
1
,
2
, …,
8
,
9
,
A
,
0
,
1
,
2
…
START to confirm and move to the next
decimal place.
When the 1
st
place is confirmed with
“
A
,
”
the
number selections for the decimal places
are skipped.
5.
5.
5.
5.
Press START
to confirm the
addition/subtracti
on number.
Next is to program
a coefficient.
6.
6.
6.
6.
Enter the
coefficient.
Refer to the
step 4.
7.
7.
7.
7.
Press
START to
confirm the
coefficient.
※
To disable the Offset feature, set the Offset value to factory default value
(a:1.00, b:0.00).
※
The measurement range is shifted according to the offset settings.
※
Screen images when offset is on
y = ax + b
y：Actual concentration
x：PAL-102S readings
a：Coefficient (multiplication)
Range: 0.01 to 10.00（Factory default 1.00）
b：Addition/subtraction number
Range: -10.00 to 10.00（Factory default 0.00）
Replacing the Batteries
Replacing the Batteries
Replacing the Batteries
Replacing the Batteries
【Caution】
◇
Fasten the battery compartment cover tightly to prevent water ingress or poor connection, which will cause erroneous
measurements. Push the cover in firmly and turn.
◇
When the O-ring on the cover is dirty or damaged, the water resistance may be compromised. Lubricate the O-ring
regularly (Figure 1)
◇
When the battery icon indicates the low power level (
), replace both batteries with a brand new set of AAA
alkaline batteries (1.5V).
◇
Static images may occasionally appear on LCD. Such retained pixel charges do not indicate a faulty display, consume
the battery power, or affect the instrument
’
s performance in any way.
◇
Check the expiration dates on batteries before purchase.
◇
Zero-set the instrument after the batteries are replaced.
1.
1.
1.
1.
Insert a coin in the
groove on the battery
compartment cover. Turn
the coin counterclockwise
to remove the cover.
2.
2.
2.
2.
Insert batteries,
observing the correct
polarity.
3.
3.
3.
3.
Align the cover and push
it down.
4.
4.
4.
4.
Close the battery
compartment cover by
pushing the cover in with a
coin in the groove and turning
it clockwise until it stops.
Figure１
O-ring
Groove
Approx.
2mm
Approx. 0.3ml of sample
Approx. 0.3ml of water
Approx.
2mm
For addition, only
“
b
”
will appear.
1 2 3
1 2 3
Water after
zero-setting
Offset
“
b
”
=
addition of 0.30
During
measurement
For coefficient (a)
For addition/subtraction (b)
No plus sign will
be displayed.
“
A
”
appears in the
1st place only, and it
means
“
10.
”
Clean oily residues with ethyl alcohol or mild soap, and then, rinse with water.
For oily samples:
For oily samples:
For oily samples:
For oily samples:
Ethyl
alcohol
Mild
soap
