86
M
M
X
X
3
3
6
6
C
C
E
E
O
O
n
n
l
l
i
i
n
n
e
e
M
M
a
a
n
n
u
u
a
a
l
l
C
C
N
N
R
R
(
(
C
C
o
o
m
m
m
m
u
u
n
n
i
i
c
c
a
a
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
a
a
n
n
d
d
N
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e
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t
t
w
w
o
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r
r
k
k
i
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n
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g
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R
R
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s
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r
r
)
)
The CNR specification provides the PC industry the opportunity to deliver a flexible and cost reduced method of implementing
LAN, home networking, DSL, USB, wireless, audio and modem subsystems widely used in today's "connected PCs". The CNR
specification is an open industry specification and is supported by OEMs, IHV card manufacturers, silicon supplier and
Microsoft.
C
C
O
O
D
D
E
E
C
C
(
(
C
C
o
o
d
d
i
i
n
n
g
g
a
a
n
n
d
d
D
D
e
e
c
c
o
o
d
d
i
i
n
n
g
g
)
)
Normally, CODEC means a circuit that can do digital to analog conversion and also the analog to digital conversion. It is part of
sound/modem solution.
D
D
I
I
M
M
M
M
(
(
D
D
u
u
a
a
l
l
I
I
n
n
L
L
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i
n
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M
M
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m
m
o
o
r
r
y
y
M
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d
d
u
u
l
l
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)
)
DIMM socket has total 168-pin and supports 64-bit data. It can be single or double side, the golden finger signals on each side
of PCB are different, that is why it was called Dual In Line. Almost all DIMMs are made by
, which operate at 3.3V. Note
that some old DIMMs are made by FPM/
and only operate at 5V. Do not confuse them with SDRAM DIMM.
E
E
C
C
C
C
(
(
E
E
r
r
r
r
o
o
r
r
C
C
h
h
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c
c
k
k
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C
C
o
o
r
r
r
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c
c
t
t
i
i
o
o
n
n
)
)
The ECC mode needs 8 ECC bits for 64-bit data. Each time memory is accessed; ECC bits are updated and checked by a
special algorithm. The ECC algorithm has the ability to detect double-bit error and automatically correct single-bit error while
parity mode can only detect single-bit error.
