A
A
X
X
4
4
C
C
M
M
a
a
x
x
I
I
I
I
O
O
n
n
l
l
i
i
n
n
e
e
M
M
a
a
n
n
u
u
a
a
l
l
33.3MB/Sec, which is twice the data rate and we called it
Ultra DMA
.
ATA
details power and data signals between the drive
and integrated drive controller and the computer's motherboard. Two drives (master and slave) are supported. The ATA
specification allows the drive to connect directly to the ISA bus on the computer. ATA transfer rate then had been developed to
133MHz/Sec and would come out with fastest rate later (please refer to
).
DMA
, data transfer rate is 16.6MHz/s.
Ultra DMA
, data transfer rate is 16.6MHz x 2 = 33MB/s.
ATA/66
, data transfer rate is 16.6MHz x 4 = 66MB/s.
ATA/100
, data transfer rate is 16.6MHz x 6 = 100MB/s.
ATA/133
, data transfer rate is 16.6MHz x 8 = 133MB/s.
(ATA/133 uses both rising edge and falling edge as ATA/66 but clock cycle time is reduced to 30ns.)
B
B
I
I
O
O
S
S
(
(
B
B
a
a
s
s
i
i
c
c
I
I
n
n
p
p
u
u
t
t
/
/
O
O
u
u
t
t
p
p
u
u
t
t
S
S
y
y
s
s
t
t
e
e
m
m
)
)
BIOS, is a set of assembly routine/program that reside in
or
. BIOS controls Input/output devices and other
hardware devices of motherboard. In general, to provide hardware independent portability, operation system and drivers is
required to access BIOS without directly access hardware devices.
B
B
l
l
u
u
e
e
t
t
o
o
o
o
t
t
h
h
Bluetooth is a wireless transferring technology that enables short-range wireless connections between desktop and laptop
computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), cellular phones, printers, scanners, digital cameras and even home
appliances. The principle of Bluetooth (a chipset) is to transfer information and voices at the frequency of ISM Band. Every
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