Alfa Laval Pharma-line 1, Инструкция по эксплуатации, Страница: 7 / 12

3 Operation
3.1 Design and operating conditions
The heat exchanger must not be operated at conditions, which exceed those specified on the nameplate.
If the heat exchanger surface temperature is expected to be hot or there are local regulations related to surface temperature, it
is the users’ responsibility to either insulate the unit or take precautions by labeling the unit with a warning about the hot
surface temperature in order to avoid risk for personnel injuries.
3.2 Operating procedures
Before placing the heat exchanger in operation, reference should be made to the name plate for any special instruction.
Local safety and health regulations must be considered.
Improper start-up or shutdown sequences may cause leaking of tube-to-tube sheet and/or bolted flanged joints.
It is the customers responsibility to carefully pay attention and doing a proper start-up and operation when running media with a
higher risk for damages on the heat exchanger. Applies especially when running media below freezing-point (0°C).
Start-up operation
Dual Application If the heat exchanger is intended for dual application duties it should be allowed to come to ambient
temperature between heating and cooling cycles.
During start-up all vent valves should be opened and left open until all passages have been purged of air and are completely filled
with fluid. Fluid must be introduced in a manner to minimize differential expansion between the shell and the tubes.
Note! Adjustments of flow rates should be made slowly in order to avoid the risk of pressure surge (water hammer). Water
hammer is a short-lasting pressure peak that can appear during start-up or shut-down of a system, causing liquids to travel
along a pipe as a wave at the speed of sound. This can cause considerable damage to the equipment.
Shutdown operation
The heat exchanger must be shut down in a manner that minimizes different expansions between shell and tubes. When shutting
down the system, the heat exchanger should be drained completely.
Temperature shocks
The heat exchanger should not be subjected to abrupt temperature fluctuations. Hot fluid must not be suddenly introduced
when the unit is cold nor cold fluid suddenly introduced when the unit is hot.
Bolted joints
The heat exchanger is pressure tested before leaving the manufacturers shop in accordance with EN 13445 standard
requirements for PED, or in accordance with ASME VIII standard requirements for ASME. However, normal relaxing of the
gasketed joints may occur in the interval between testing in the manufacturer´s shop and installation at the job site. Therefore,
all external bolted joints may require retightening after installation and, if necessary, after the heat exchanger has reached
operating temperature.
Recommended bolt tightening procedure
If the bolts are tightened it is important that they are tightened uniformly and in diametrically staggered pattern.
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