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Section 1: Knowledge Base
What Is Reverse Osmosis?
Reverse osmosis, also known as hyper filtration, is a membrane filtration process that separates undesirable materials from
water by using pressure to force the water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane. This process is called "reverse"
osmosis because the pressure forces the water to flow in the reverse direction (from the concentrated solution to the dilute
solution) to the flow direction (from the dilute to the concentrated) in the process of natural osmosis. Reverse osmosis is
used to purify water and remove salts and other impurities in order to improve the color, taste, odor and/or properties of your
water. R/O filtration can remove up to 99% of most contaminants including arsenic, nitrates, radium, chromium, fluoride, and
dissolved solids such as sodium, calcium, iron, magnesium, copper, etc.
How Effective Is Reverse Osmosis Filtration?
Reverse osmosis filtration is by far the most effective and economic method of water filtration. It filters water by squeezing
water through a semi-permeable membrane, which is rated at 0.0001 micron (equal to 0.00000004 inch). This is the same
technology used to make bottled drinking water. It is also the most used technology for desalinating seawater, making it into
drinking water.
What are the specific contaminants that a reverse osmosis system removes?
iSpring Reverse Osmosis filtration systems reject a wide variety of impurities. Here is a partial list:
Item Rejection
Rate
Item Rejection
Rate
Aluminum 97-98% Manganese
96-98%
Amoebic Cysts 99%
Mercury
96-98%
Ammonium 85-95%
Nickel
97-99%
Arsenic 94-96% Nitrate 93-96%
Asbestos 99%
PCBs
97%
Bacteria 99+% Pesticides
90+%
Barium 90-98% Phosphate
99+%
Bicarbonate 95-96%
Polyphosphate
98-99%
Boron 50-70%
Potassium
92-97%
Bromide 93-96% Proteins 90+%
Cadmium 96-98% Protozoa 99%
Calcium 96-98% Pyrogen 99+%
Chloride 94-95% Radioactivity
95-98%
Chromate 90-98% Radium 97%
Chromium 96-98% Sediment 99%
Copper 97-99% Selenium
97%
Cryptosporidium 99% Silica 85-90%
Cyanide 90-95% Silicate 95-97%
Detergents 97%
Silver
95-97%
Ferro cyanide
98-99%
Sodium
92-98%
