ACRONIS TRUEIMAGE DELUXE User Manual Download

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Acronis TrueImage Deluxe

Acronis TrueImage Deluxe

User’s guide

Summary of Contents for TRUEIMAGE DELUXE

Page 1: ...Acronis TrueImage Deluxe Acronis TrueImage Deluxe User s guide ...

Page 2: ...tively modified versions of this document is prohibited without the explicit permission of the copyright holder Distribution of the work or derivative work in any standard paper book form for commercial purposes is prohibited unless prior permission is obtained from the copyright holder DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED AS IS AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES INCLUDING A...

Page 3: ...40 2 1 6 IMAGE S DATA COMPRESSION LEVEL 43 2 1 7 CREATING ARCHIVE VOLUMES 43 2 1 8 PROTECTING AN ARCHIVE FILE WITH A PASSWORD 45 2 1 9 COMMENTING AN ARCHIVE FILE 46 2 1 10 IMAGE CREATION SCRIPT 47 2 1 11 CREATING AN IMAGE 48 2 1 12 FINISHING IMAGE CREATION 49 2 2 CREATING A DISK PARTITION IMAGE ON REMOVABLE MEDIA 49 2 2 1 SELECTING A PARTITION AND AN OPERATION 49 2 2 2 SELECTING A REMOVABLE DISK D...

Page 4: ...IVE FROM A PARTITION IMAGE 70 3 4 2 SELECTING AN ARCHIVE FILE 71 3 4 3 DISCONNECTING A DRIVE 75 CONCLUSION 78 APPENDIX A GENERAL INFORMATION HARD DISKS 80 A 1 HARD DISK ORGANIZATION 80 A 2 OPERATING SYSTEM AND HARD DISKS 81 A 3 HARD DISK PARTITIONS 82 A 4 CREATING PARTITIONS FOR OTHER OSES 83 A 5 PRIMARY AND LOGICAL PARTITIONS 83 A 6 FORMATTING HARD DISKS 84 A 7 FILE SYSTEMS 85 APPENDIX B GLOSSARY...

Page 5: ...ore the content of your PC hard disk having created its exact image with Acronis TrueImage Deluxe If you need to restore only several files Acronis TrueImage Deluxe will let you connect the stored file as a logical drive and copy all the files you need from it The unique technology developed by Acronis Inc and used in the TrueImage Deluxe software will let you create exact disk images and restore ...

Page 6: ...ystem etc Master Boot Record MBR File Allocation Table FAT and a root directory Root Acronis TrueImage Deluxe software stores only the data sectors of a hard disk in its partition image Acronis TrueImage Deluxe software creates an archive file with a tib extension The tib file can contain images of several partitions and or disks An archive file of large disk partitions or several partitions and d...

Page 7: ...offers back up copying of whole hard disks and their partitions with separate partition and disk images stored in archive files Generalinformationonback upcopying The need for system and data files back up was realized long ago The majority of industrial systems still feature bulky tape back up This type of back up is usually performed by qualified specialists with the help of rather complex and t...

Page 8: ...ows NT 2000 XP and supports FAT16 32 and NTFS as well as the Linux ext2 ext3 ReiserFS file systems You can install the software only under Windows but you will be able to run Acronis TrueImage Deluxe from a bootable diskette or CD R W under any other OS including Linux Acronis TrueImage Deluxe software works with any disks connected to your PC including IDE SCSI USB FireWire and or PCMCIA interfac...

Page 9: ...e image of a disk partition to be restored Select a disk and or partition to be restored in the archive file Select a partition disk and free space to restore a disk partition image stored in an archive file to Select the type of a disk partition to be restored Select the disk partition file system Change partition size and or location as needed Select the next partition to be restored to change i...

Page 10: ...e falloff or instability caused by a driver update Disk partition image creation and data restoration from disk partition images are the main function of Acronis TrueImage Deluxe However you may want to use it for other purposes 2 Deployingthesystem on identical PCs diskcloning If you have to regularly set up many identical PCs install and set up the same operating systems and applications you can...

Page 11: ...dly interfaces that will guarantee data will not be lost in case of any PC failures And after serious malfunctions with their system they will be able to restore in no time without help of an outside IT specialists More experienced users who test all new software on their PCs will be able to restore back to an original stable operating state any time should they encounter an unsuccessful applicati...

Page 12: ...titions with an image stored in an archive file and how to restore separate partition files Appendix A General Information Hard Disks this describes the construction of hard disks installation into a PC disk file structures and interaction with an operating system Appendix B Glossary contain a dictionary of technical terms to help you to better understand this Guide Legend Designation Meaning Cour...

Page 13: ...nt legislation the License agreement is considered a contract between a user you and a software manufacturer Acronis Inc The contract has legal effect and its violation may entail a court examination Illegal use and or distribution of this software will be prosecuted Technicalsupport Users of legally purchased and registered copies of Acronis TrueImage Deluxe receive free technical support from Ac...

Page 14: ... the Acronis TrueImage Deluxe program on a compact disc CD ROM or download it from the Internet The CD ROM contains an installer that can be run in Windows 9x and Windows NT 2000 XP operating systems If you purchased TrueImage Deluxe on CD ROM to run it do the following 1 Insert the compact disc into CD ROM drive If you have the Windows operating system installed run the Windows Explorer and click...

Page 15: ...n the screen Click Next button to continue 2 To continue working with the software you will need to accept the conditions of the license agreement between you the user and the software developer For this purpose set the switch in the lower part of the window to I accept thisagreement position Click the Next button to continue ...

Page 16: ... and click the Next button In this case you will be thanked for the interest in the software and the program will terminate 4 In the next window you will need to enter the product serial number that you will find on the Acronis TrueImage Deluxe registration form AND DON T FORGET TO REGISTER YOUR SOFTWARE TOO Click the Next button after entering the serial number ...

Page 17: ...install the program to a different folder enter its name and path into the appropriate field If there is no such folder on a disk it will be created during installation You can choose a folder for program installation by clicking Browse You will see a folder tree of your hard disk Select a folder with mouse and click OK You can select any computer disk for installation After selecting a folder cli...

Page 18: ...er or only to the current user If you want to make the program available to all users check the Yes I want to install Acronis TrueImage Deluxe for all users box This page of InstallationWizard is specificial for Windows NT 2000 XP operating systems If you use Windows 9x Me family operating system the above page of the wizard will be omitted Click Next to continue ...

Page 19: ...you want to use one of the existing program groups select it by clicking it with the mouse After selecting a program group click Next to continue 8 After selecting program group the installation program will show you the generated installation script Before you click the Proceed button you can change any of its parameters disk and folder program group or for example make the program accessible onl...

Page 20: ... page you will be asked to create a bootable diskette or CD R W for Acronis TrueImage Deluxe This is very important as the disk partition data restoration software can only be run from a bootable diskette or CD R W Therefore it is strongly recommended you create either of them You can also create the bootable diskette or CD R W when the set up process is finished If you wish to create a bootable d...

Page 21: ...edia creation Acronis TrueImage Deluxe allows you to create either a bootable diskette or a CD R W disc Select the preferred device from the list Having chosen a device and pressed Next you will see the next window asking you to insert a diskette or a disc into the appropriate device ...

Page 22: ... inserted it into the appropriate device press Proceed It will take some time to copy the necessary files to load Acronis TrueImage Deluxe The copying process will be shown in the following window 11 The installation process will be completed and you will be offered the opportunity to read the README file ...

Page 23: ...3 Repairing Acronis TrueImage Deluxe If a bootable diskette or compact disc is spoiled please create a new one If you get an error message on trying to create a diskette or compact disc by selecting the Bootable Rescue Media Builder menu item start the TrueImage Deluxe installation program again It will determine that TrueImage Deluxe was already installed on your computer and will ask you if you ...

Page 24: ...sers that are not accustomed to standard user interfaces and for the fullness of description here we provide a relatively detailed description of it 1 5 2 User interface basics ManagingAcronisTrueImageDeluxe software Acronis TrueImage Deluxe software works under the Windows operating system It has a graphical user interface controlled by mouse or Tab Shift Tab Left Right Up Down Space Enter and Es...

Page 25: ...on is done with the Space key Switching between dialog pages is done by pressing the Next switching to the next page and Back to the previous one buttons To quit the program press the Escape key or the Cancel button 1 5 3 Windows All actions that the user performs in Acronis TrueImage Deluxe are displayed in windows A window is a rectangle screen area that has a title and a border Window border A ...

Page 26: ...use until you are satisfied with the position of the dialog and release the button Double clicking the titlebar of a resizable window maximizes the window or reverts the maximized window to its original size Window PurposeBar Window purpose bar is right below the titlebar and is supposed to inform the user about what action he she has to perform on the given upgrade Wizard page for example check a...

Page 27: ...field Slider Button All these controls can be accessed both via the mouse and via the keyboard All controls of a dialog are grouped in a looped list One of the controls is current has focus and reacts to the keyboard Focus can be cyclically moved along the list forward Tab key and backward Shift Tab keys Arrow keys also move the focus if they are not allocated in the current control for other purp...

Page 28: ...cus to the checkbox and toggles it Radiobutton Like a checkbox a radio button is a control with two possible states If it is on the circle is filled otherwise it is empty Unlike checkboxes radio buttons are arranged in groups and one and only one radio button can be on in each group Clicking the circle or the description of the radio button or pressing the Space key when the radio button has focus...

Page 29: ...n editing a string Home moves the cursor to the beginning of the string End moves the cursor to the end of the string Backspace deletes a character to the left from the cursor Del deletes the character under the cursor Acronis TrueImage Deluxe software uses edit field for Entering an archive filename as well as its full path Entering a password and its confirmation Spinner A spinner is a special t...

Page 30: ...st Up and Down keys move the cursor one line up or down respectively Left and Right keys scroll the contents of the list left or right if the list does not fit into the rectangle horizontally PgUp and PgDn keys move the cursor one page up or down respectively Home and End keys move the cursor to the beginning or the end of the list respectively Enter key can be allocated to perform some action wit...

Page 31: ...Deluxe uses view fields for viewing generated image creation or partition restoration script as well as for representing a script in back up copying and restoration processes Slider A slider is a graphic interface element for setting software parameters that change from the minimum to maximum continuously or stepwise for example a sound volume slider under the Windows OS Acronis TrueImage Deluxe s...

Page 32: ...tion partitions on the hard disk This control is a rectangle that represents a partition of a hard disk You can grab the left or right side of this rectangle and move resize the rectangle Point the mouse at the vertical engraved line on the right side of the rectangle and the mouse cursor will change to two vertical lines with two arrows left and right around them Click and hold the left mouse but...

Page 33: ...tition label and set of logical partitions Some disk space is unallocated The above described presentation of hard disk structures is used in Wizard pages that prompt you to select source and destination disks The colors that show primary and extended partitions and unallocated disk space can be changed Click the desired element or move focus to it by pressing the Tab or Shift Tab keys and press t...

Page 34: ...arlier pages In the lower part of a Wizard page there always are 3 buttons Back moves you to the previous page This button is disabled on the first page Next takes you to the next page On some pages this button can have other names On the last page this button finishes the Wizard and starts the actions that you have chosen in it Cancel exits the Wizard and negates all actions you were going to per...

Page 35: ...wizard If your system is damaged and you are unable to boot the PC from its system partition you should use the bootable diskette or CD R W that you previously created selecting Start Program Acronis TrueImage Bootable Rescue Media Builder 1 7 Finishing the work with Acronis TrueImage Deluxe software You can exit Acronis TrueImage Deluxe software anytime simply by clicking Cancel or pressing Escap...

Page 36: ...n be further restored from an image stored in an archive file While working with whole partitions and hard disks Acronis TrueImage Deluxe software still allows to restore separate files from an image For this purpose Acronis TrueImage Deluxe has image contents viewing tools for representing partition images as usual logical drives You can work with this connected drive with any file manager like w...

Page 37: ...s several partitions Restore a partition disk from an image file stored in an archive file Connect an image stored in an archive file as a temporary logical drive to restore separate files and or folders A connected disk can be unplugged by calling Unplug function from its context menu or from Acronis TrueImage Deluxe itself Running the software with a disk connected causes the additional Unplug b...

Page 38: ...disks connected to your PC Click a rectangle representing a partition to select it As a result this rectangle will become underlined red You ll be able to consequently select several hard disk partitions and or different disks Click a rectangle representing the whole hard disk with an icon disk number and capacity to select it for image creation As a result all disk s partitions will become underl...

Page 39: ...ocation In the next Image Archive Location window you ll need to select a type of a device to create a disk partition image on Figure 2 4 Acronis TrueImage supports only two device types Any hard disks Removable media CD R CD RW Iomega Zip Iomega Jaz magneto optical and other drives Acronis TrueImage Deluxe software is intended for individual PC users and small offices therefore this guide describ...

Page 40: ...of this chapter see 2 2 Creating a disk partition image on removable media 2 1 5 A disk partition archive file In the next Image Archive Creation window you ll need to provide an archive filename to store images of chosen partitions disks to as well as its full path Figure 2 5 Enter a filename to the Filename field You can also use a connected disks tree in the left part of the window to find arch...

Page 41: ... 6 Selecting a folder and an archive file name You can assign a filename along with its path in the appropriate field for example F backup backup1 tib The disks and folders tree will be set to correspond the entered filename and the path i e this file will become a current selection on the figure A filename on a hard disk can contain up to 255 symbols If the F backup folder is already exists on th...

Page 42: ...laced by a new one You can store images of several partitions or even disks in a single archive file but you can t append images to an existing archive file You can also create an archive file with an image of the partition disk on the same partition disk included into an archive if there s enough free space An archive file can be created on a network disk You might need to regularly create images...

Page 43: ...largest part of the partition was free We chose the 3rd compression level for image creation The resulting file turned out to be 267 MB As you can see the given partitions were actually compressed by 2 6 times but you shouldn t highlight it much as these values are very rough because different files are differently compressed Figure 2 8 Image s data compression level Having chosen the compression ...

Page 44: ...se and prompt you to insert a new disk into the drive if the current disk space is fully occupied If you set the switch to Fixed Size and set the volume size in megabytes MB then for example having 4 GB partition size 3 2 GB of which are actually occupied with data and 600 MB volume size it will be possible to create backup tib backup1 tib backup4 tib volumes on a hard disk The actual quantity of ...

Page 45: ... password An archive file with a partition disk image can be protected with a password If you think a partition disk you create an image of shouldn t be restored by anybody except you enter a password and its confirmation into the text fields of the next Image Archive Protection window Figure 2 10 A password should consist of at least 8 symbols and contain both letters in the upper and lower cases...

Page 46: ... this password Click Next to continue 2 1 9 Commenting an archive file In the next window you ll be able to provide an archive file with any comment that may include any information on the PC and its user the hard disk partition data image creation time and any peculiarities and conditions Figure 2 11 For example True Image of Primary Partition HDD1 OS Windows 98SE Applications Office 97 Word Exce...

Page 47: ...creation script several images perhaps It will contain a list of operations to be performed on partitions disks along with their main features Figure 2 12 An archive file creation script All operations of a partition disk image creation in an archive file are delayed in Acronis TrueImage Deluxe A partition disk image creation script is created first and then it s executed ...

Page 48: ...Image Deluxe software is ready to perform a procedure of image creation in an archive file If you click Back you ll be able to select other partitions and or disks for image creation other compression level etc You will be able to change any image creation parameters until you click Proceed By clicking this button you execute an image creation script Click Proceed to execute a partition and or dis...

Page 49: ...on and an action The initial stages of working with Acronis TrueImage Deluxe software when creating a partition and or disk image on removable media are the same as when creating it on a hard disk It is started with the welcome window Figure 2 1 then you select an action to be performed Create image of a partition or the whole hard disk drive Figure 2 2 then you select partition s and or disk s to...

Page 50: ...ions In the next window you ll be asked an archive file name Figure 2 16 It s completely the same as the window on the figure above However creating images in archive files on a CD R or CD RW differs from creating images in archive files on a hard disk A filename length can t exceed 24 symbols including a dot and three extension symbols A file is created in the root of a CD No need to enter a file...

Page 51: ...ion wizard are completely the same as the above Figure 2 8 Figure 2 11 including Selecting a compression level Splitting an archive file into volumes Protecting an archive file with a password Commenting an archive file and finish with the script window When creating an image in an archive file on removable media CD RW you can leave the default Automatic setting in the Image Archive Splitting wind...

Page 52: ...gure 2 12 We ll remind that has been already said about creating an image on a hard disk now Acronis TrueImage Deluxe software is ready to execute the partition image creation procedure If you click Back you ll be able to select other partitions and or disks for image s creation etc You ll be able to change any image creation parameters until you click Proceed By clicking it you ll execute the ima...

Page 53: ... CD RW recorder will begin Figure 2 19 Image creation progress If an archive file can t be recorded to a single CD R or CD RW disk Acronis TrueImage Deluxe software will pause image creation and prompt you to insert another disk into the drive The image creation procedure finishes with a message window completely the same as on the figure above Figure 2 14 ...

Page 54: ...hive file CD containing the image of a partition to be restored But an archive file can be possibly stored on a special back up hard disk In this case you ll have to connect it to PC There s a simple rule do not store archive files with partition images on the same hard disk you create back up copies of As in case of filing structures for example Partition Table damage you ll just not be able to a...

Page 55: ...uxe will show you the complete list of storage devices connected to your PC including hard disks as well as any other storage drives Figure 3 2 Figure 3 2 The list of storage devices You ll be able to navigate the files and folders tree using standard Windows controls to find the archive file with the image of a partition to be restored and select it by clicking Figure 3 3 ...

Page 56: ...Selection window Notice that a comment is available without entering a password that protects an archive file However you won t be able to either restore or browse archive file contents without a password see Figure 3 4 contents of a password unprotected archive file Figure 3 4 Contents of a password unprotected archive file The more detailed is your comment the more assured your actions would be ...

Page 57: ...ssword you ll be able to move to the page of selecting a partition to be restored Figure 3 5 Entering a password to an archive file during the restoration Having entered a password click Next to continue 3 1 4 Archive file partitions One archive file may contain images of several disk partitions or the whole disks Therefore the next window will offer you the contents of the selected archive file F...

Page 58: ...fter setting the partition restoration parameters and mark another partition disk for restoration A partition you set restoration parameters of will be marked with an icon in the upper right corner Click Next to continue 3 1 5 Destination partition As it has been said above you can restore a partition image stored in an archive file to a new hard disk In the same way you can restore contents of a ...

Page 59: ...ge from an archive file to It means no other software must work with this partition during the restoration Therefore it s recommended to close all applications for the restoration period for more information see 3 2 Partition restoration peculiarities However it s not enough for some cases in particular if you restore a partition the operating system was booted from You can receive a message such ...

Page 60: ...x A General Information Hard Disks We also note that an operating system is usually installed to a primary partition and logical drives of an extended partition are used for storing data files You can imagine the following example situation to understand what you might have to change partition type for Both system and data files were stored on a single damaged primary partition Now you need to res...

Page 61: ...size to 4 GB so you won t be able to restore a 4 GB FAT16 partition to a new disk of higher capacity as you ll have to change the file system It would be logical to change FAT16 to FAT32 in the given case Set the switch to the appropriate position in the Restored Partition File System window to do this You should also remember that not all operating systems can boot from a FAT32 partition MS DOS W...

Page 62: ... File Allocation Table FAT or the Root is damaged or the Bootsector is infected with a still incurable virus If your PC health was ruined due to one of these reasons you might like to restore a partition to a new disk and change the partition configuration and size comparing to what you had before Acronis TrueImage software is flexible enough to let you do this You ll be able to change the size an...

Page 63: ... Figure 3 11 Changed partition initial size The figure below shows the initial 3 907 GB partition size changed to the 2 007 GB Figure 3 12 Resizing a partition The next figure Figure 3 13 demonstrates changing partition location ...

Page 64: ...an alphabet letters for disk and partition identification Letters are automatically assigned during OS boot process Acronis TrueImage software lets you assign any unoccupied letter to a partition logical drive to be restored under Windows NT 2000 XP To do this set the switch to Yes I want to assign a logical drive letter to the restored partition on the following page and select a letter from the ...

Page 65: ...store anotherpartitionorharddiskdrive in the NextSelection window Figure 3 15 Selecting the next partition to be restored Having clicked Next you ll see the Source Partition Selection window again Figure 3 6 This time the upper right corner of a rectangle representing the partition which you have already worked with will be ticked off You ll be able to select the next partition to be restored and ...

Page 66: ...get a script again but this time for restoring a partition from an image instead of creating an image in an archive file Figure 3 16 Figure 3 16 Partition restoration script window All said about an image creation script is basically true regarding a restoration script see Figure 2 12 above including As you have seen before restoration script creation includes the following stages Selecting restor...

Page 67: ...ystem selection in other words to change any restoration parameters You can execute the partition restoration script by clicking Proceed So click Proceed to execute the partition restoration script Restoration progress will be shown in the special window 3 2 Partition restoration peculiarities There may be several general cases of partition restoration Data partition restoration System partition r...

Page 68: ...oot is replaced by Dismount Sometimes it s impossible to unplug a logical drive Acronis TrueImage Deluxe then prompts you to reboot the PC So in the situation above you can Close applications and click Retry retry to restore a partition from an archive file Click Dismount to force logical drive disconnection Click Reboot to reboot the PC You should remember that you can t force any drive disconnec...

Page 69: ...eImage Deluxe will run before Windows restore the system partition and terminate allowing Windows OS to boot If the operating system doesn t boot or applications particularly Acronis TrueImage Deluxe do not run you should have a bootable diskette or CD for this situation Acronis TrueImage Deluxe lets you create it by clicking Acronis TrueImage Bootable Rescue Media Builder Such a diskette CD will ...

Page 70: ...porary logical drive connection from an image for separate files restoration Having connected a drive you ll be able to access it as a usual hard disk It means that The list of your PC drives will be updated with a new one with a letter assigned to it You ll be able to browse the files and folders tree of a partition stored in an archive file with the Windows file managing tools Explore etc as in ...

Page 71: ...offer you the full list of storage devices connected to your PC which you will have to browse for the archive file with the necessary partition image Figure 3 19 Figure 3 19 Selecting an archive file to connect a logical drive If this archive file isn t protected with a password selecting it you ll see the previously created comment along with the list of stored partitions as shown on the Figure 3...

Page 72: ...word if needed In the next window you ll be able to select one of the partition disk images to connect as a temporary logical drive Figure 3 21 Figure 3 21 Selecting a partition and letter for a drive to be connected A partition is selected by clicking the appropriate rectangle representing it As a result the selected partition rectangle will become underlined red Another click will deselect the p...

Page 73: ...select a partition first by clicking it and then select a letter You can then select another partition and letter if needed etc Having selected a partition disk and a letter click Next to continue In the next window you ll see the temporary logical drive connection script Figure 3 22 The drive connection script window If you do not have any doubts regarding the selected partitions and its letter c...

Page 74: ...indows window opened right after the message window with the contents of the connected drive partition stored in an archive file Figure 3 24 Figure 3 24 The Windows window with the temporary connected logical drive Now you can easily copy any file or file folder from the connected logical drive to replace the damaged one on your real hard disk ...

Page 75: ...extmenu Select Unplug in the context menu of a connected drive invoked by right clicking the disk icon in the Windows window As a result this disk will disappear DisconnectingfromAcronisTrueImageDeluxe Having run Acronis TrueImage Deluxe after connection you ll find out another button in the operation selection window Unplug temporary logical drives Figure 3 25 Figure 3 25 A new operation in the A...

Page 76: ...list of connected temporary logical drives Figure 3 26 Use it to select a drive to unplug Figure 3 26 The list of connected drives Click Next to continue Acronis TrueImage Deluxe software will show you the temporary logical drive disconnection script Figure 3 27 Figure 3 27 The drive disconnection script window ...

Page 77: ... script Drive unplugging will finish with a standard message about the operation success Figure 3 28 Figure 3 28 The successful drive unplugging window By clicking Exit you ll finish the session of separate partition files and folders restoration from an archive file ...

Page 78: ...effective tools for creating images of both data and system partitions to restore them in the most complex cases The software allows to create bootable diskettes and CDs to restore the system in case of its full inoperability Acronis TrueImage Deluxe software is flexible enough to allow not only to restore a partition but also to change its type file system size and location during its restoration...

Page 79: ...m support faq html where you can possibly find an answer to your question Make sure you use the latest build of Acronis software The current build number of Acronis products is at http www acronis com support updates You can learn the version of installed software by running it and opening the About window Registered users can use this link to update their software http www acronis com support upd...

Page 80: ...losest to this marker is number 1 Usually sector size is 571 bytes At the beginning of a sector there is a header prefix portion that marks the beginning of the sector and its number At the end of a sector in the suffix portion there is the checksum that is used to check data integrity Data area between the prefix and suffix portions is 512 bytes large Both upper and lower sides of each disk on th...

Page 81: ... them more convenient Among various software the most important one is the operating system An operating system provides all other applications running under its control with basic input output access to all the resources of the PC be that the CPU memory or external devices monitor hard disks floppy disks CD ROM DVD printer All applications are loaded into memory from a hard disk and are executed ...

Page 82: ...to partitions A 3 Hard Disk Partitions PartitioningHardDisksinDOS Windows Partitioning hard disk is done by special applications In MS DOS and Windows the widely known FDISK program is used for this purpose It allows creating partitions setting their size and labels FDISK allows allocating either all hard disk space or part of it for MS DOS or Windows and leave some part of it for other operating ...

Page 83: ...nd possibly but necessarily so extended DOS partitions and logical partitions disks on them and can also leave disk space unallocated to be used by other operating systems However the Windows operating system while being a very widely distributed operating system for PCs is not the only operating system You can configure the hard disk of your computer to used with the Linux operating system In thi...

Page 84: ...ion table FAT It marks bad clusters so they are not used After formatting logical disks created by the FDISK program are organized as follows Logical disks start with the boot sector One or several copies of file allocation table FAT are placed after the boot sector Next goes the root folder Then the data area Each logical disk has to be formatted with FORMAT separately Formatting a partition is d...

Page 85: ...re characteristic for file systems supported by various versions of Windows Operating systems support file systems on hard disks or disk partitions by allowing to create copy and delete files and folders At present the most widely spread file systems for PCs are the following two FAT File Allocation Table for DOS OS 2 Windows 95 98 Me NT 2000 NTFS Windows NT File System for Windows NT 2000 However...

Page 86: ...tor is read and executed first file of the operating system is read and executed Boot record The initial part of a partition that contains code and data necessary for booting an operating system May consist of one or several sectors First sector of a boot record must end with the boot sector signature 0AA55h Boot sector is the first sector of a disk or a partition that contains the initial code fo...

Page 87: ... device hard disk and a partition that is accessible from some operating system logical disk Diskette Floppy disk A removable storage media that consists of a flexible magnetic platter enclosed in a protective envelope The most common are 3 5 diskettes with 1 44 megabyte capacity File A file is named information storage in the file system In different file systems files can be stored in different ...

Page 88: ...talled in the beginning of the hard disk is loaded before any operating systems and substitutes hard disk access BIOS functions Letter of a drive partition All operating systems that are somehow DOS compatible use Latin letters to identify drives and partitions Letters A and B are usually reserved for floppy drives Starting with C letters are assigned to hard disk partitions that can be recognized...

Page 89: ...lled extended Partition tables are usually stored in the first sector of a cylinder Partitioning The process of creating the partition logical structure on a hard disk Partitioning is usually done with programs like FDISK Primary partition The partition information about which is contained in the MBR partition table The majority of operating systems can be booted only from the primary partition of...

Page 90: ...e for Windows 95 98 ME operating systems IO SYS system file resides on the system partition while other system files are located in the system folder which is usually called WINDOWS Program Files folder can also be treated as system since it resides on the same partition as WINDOWS and also contains files that are relevant to the operating system Track Disks are divided into concentric circles cal...

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