JOHNSON CONTROLS
76
FORM 160.67-O2
ISSUE DATE: 10/9/2020
SECTION 6 - MAINTENANCE
CHECKING THE REFRIGERANT CHARGE
DURING UNIT SHUTDOWN
The refrigerant charge is specified for each chiller
model on the unit data plate. Charge the correct amount
of refrigerant and record the level in the evaporator
sight glass.
The refrigerant charge should always be checked and
trimmed when the system is shut down.
The refrigerant charge level must be checked after the
pressure and temperature have equalized between the
condenser and evaporator. This would be expected
to be 4 hours or more after the compressor and water
pumps are stopped. The level should visible in the sight
glass.
Charge the refrigerant in accordance with the method
shown under the “Refrigerant Charging”, above. The
refrigerant level should be observed and the level re-
corded after initial charging.
HANDLING REFRIGERANT FOR
DISMANTLING AND REPAIRS
If it becomes necessary to open any part of the refriger-
ant system for repairs, it will be necessary to remove
the charge before opening any part of the unit. If the
chiller is equipped with optional valves, the refrigerant
can be isolated in either the condenser or evaporator /
compressor while making any necessary repairs.
REFRIGERANT CONDENSERS AND
EVAPORATORS
General
Maintenance of the refrigerant condenser, steam con-
denser, and evaporator shells is important to provide
trouble free operation of the chiller. The water side of
the tubes in the shell must be kept clean and free from
scale. Proper maintenance such as tube cleaning, and
testing for leaks, is covered on the following pages.
CHEMICAL WATER TREATMENT
Since the mineral content of the water circulated
through evaporators and condensers varies with almost
every source of supply, it is possible that the water be-
ing used may corrode the tubes or deposit heat resistant
scale in them. Reliable water treatment companies are
available in most larger cities to supply a water treat-
ing process which will greatly reduce the corrosive and
scale forming properties of almost any type of water.
As a preventive measure against scale and corrosion
and to prolong the life of evaporator and condenser
tubes, a chemical analysis of the water should be made
preferably before the system is installed. A reliable wa-
ter treatment company can be consulted to determine
whether water treatment is necessary, and if so, to fur-
nish the proper treatment for the particular water con-
dition.
CLEANING EVAPORATOR AND CONDENSER
TUBES
Evaporator
It is difficult to determine by any particular test wheth-
er possible lack of performance of the water evaporator
is due to fouled tubes alone or due to a combination
of troubles. Trouble which may be due to fouled tubes
is indicated when, over a period of time, the cooling
capacity decreases and the split (temperature differ-
ence between water leaving the evaporator and the
refrigerant temperature in the evaporator) increases. A
gradual drop-off in cooling capacity can also be caused
by a gradual leak of refrigerant from the system or by a
combination of fouled tubes and shortage of refrigerant
charge. An excessive quantity of oil in the evaporator
can also contribute to erratic performance.
Condenser
In a condenser, trouble due to fouled tubes is usually
indicated by a steady rise in head pressure, over a pe-
riod of time, accompanied by a steady rise in condens-
ing temperature, and noisy operation. These symptoms
may also be due to foul gas buildup. Purging will re-
move the foul gas revealing the effect of fouling.
TUBE FOULING
Fouling of the tubes can be due to deposits of two types
as follows:
1. Rust or sludge
– which finds its way into the
tubes and accumulates there. This material usu-
ally does not build up on the inner tube surfaces
as scale, but does interfere with the heat transfer.
Rust or sludge can generally be removed from the
tubes by a thorough brushing process.
2. Scale
– due to mineral deposits. These deposits,
even though very thin and scarcely detectable
upon physical inspection, are highly resistant to
heat transfer. They can be removed most effec
-
tively by circulating an acid solution through the
tubes.