GENERAL SERVICE INFORMATION
4-10
TNV IDI Service Manual
Diesel Fuel
Bio-Diesel Fuels
1. General Description of Biodiesel
(a) Biodiesel is a renewable, oxygenated fuel made
from agricultural and renewable resources such
as soybeans or rapeseeds. Biodiesel is a fuel
comprised of methyl or ethyl ester-based
oxygenates of long chain fatty acids derived
from the transesterification of vegetable oils,
animal fats, and cooking oils. It contains no
petroleum-based diesel fuel but can be blended
at any level with petroleum-based diesel fuel. In
case it is not blended with petroleum-based
diesel fuel such biodiesel is referred to as "B
100", which means that it consists of 100%
(pure) biodiesel. However, most common
biodiesel is blended with conventional
(petroleum-based) diesel fuel. The percentage
of the blend can be identified by its name. The
most common blends are "B 5" (consisting of 5
% bio- diesel and 95 % conventional petroleum-
based diesel fuel) and "B 20" (a blend of 20 %
biodiesel and 80 % conventional diesel). Raw
pressed vegetable oils are not considered to be
biodiesel.
(b) Advantages of Biodiesel:
• Biodiesel produces less visible smoke and a
lower amount of particulate matter.
• Biodiesel is biodegradable and nontoxic.
• Biodiesel is safer than conventional diesel fuel
because of its higher flash point.
Following the increased interest in the reduction
of emissions and the reduction of the use of
petroleum distillate based fuels; many
governments and regulating bodies encourage
the use of biodiesel.
(c) Disadvantages of Biodiesel:
Concentrations that are higher than 5% of
biodiesel (higher than B5) can have an adverse
affect on the engine's performance, its integrity
and/ or durability. The risk of problems occurring
in the engine increases as the level of biodiesel
blend increases. The following negative affects
are exemplary and typical for the usage of high
concentrated biodiesel blends:
• Biodiesel can accelerate the oxidation of
Aluminum, Brass, Bronze, Copper and Zinc.
• Biodiesel damages, and finally seeps through
certain seals, gaskets, hoses, glues and
plastics.
• Certain natural rubbers, nitride and butyl
rubbers will become harder and more brittle as
degradation proceeds when used with
biodiesel.
• Biodiesel typically creates deposits in the
engines.
• Due to its natural characteristic, biodiesel will
decrease the engine output by approximately 2
percent (in case of B 20) comparing to
conventional (petroleum-based) diesel fuel.
• The fuel consumption ratio will increase by
approximately 3 percent (in case of B 20)
comparing to conventional diesel fuel.
2. Approved Engines
All of the following engine series of Yanmar can
be operated with biodiesel with concentrations
up to B 20. In case of using biodiesel fuel up to B5
concentrations, no special preparations etc.
have to be made and the original operating
conditions and service intervals as stated in the
operating manuals apply. In case of running
below indicated engines with biodiesel
concentrations above B 6 up to B 20, the required
operating conditions (see below No. 4) have to be
observed.
Other than the following listed engines cannot be
run with biodiesel:
• 3TNM68, 3TNM72, 2TNV70, 3TNV70 and
3TNV76
Tier 2 and Tier 4
• 3TNV82A, 3TNV84, 3TNV84T, 3TNV88,
4TNV84, 4TNV84T, 4TNV88, 4TNV94L,
4TNV98 and 4TNV98T
Tier 2, Tier3 and/or interim Tier 4
• 4TNV106 and 4TNV106T
Tier 2
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