Yamaha PASC4 Owner'S Manual Download Page 83 | Manualshive

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Yamaha PASC4 Owner'S Manual Download Page 83

H. Battery Pack and charging procedure

Charging plug

Power plug

Battery
capacity
indicator

Charging connector

Battery charger lamp

Charger
display

Battery capacity

indicator lamp

Battery capacity

indicator button

The Battery Pack equipped for the Yamaha e-Bike Sys-
tems is a lithium-ion battery. The lithium-ion battery is
lightweight and offers superior capacity. However, it does
have the following characteristics.

Its performance decreases in extremely hot or cold en-
vironments.

It naturally loses its charge.

The  Battery  Pack  for  the  Yamaha  e-Bike  Systems  also
has an embedded computer which notifies you of estimat-
ed  residual  battery  capacity  and  suspected  faults  via  the
battery capacity indicator lamp.
By pressing the battery capacity indicator button, you can
display  the  residual  battery  capacity  for  approximately  5
seconds.

-
-

Do not use any other charger or charging method to
recharge the Battery Packs. Using any other charger
could result in fire, explosion, or damage the Battery
Packs.

Battery
capacity
indicator

Charging connector

Battery capacity
indicator lamp

Battery capacity
indicator button

IMPORTANT SAFETY

THESE INSTRUCTIONS
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF

FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK,

CAREFULLY FOLLOW

THESE INSTRUCTIONS

1. This manual contains important safety and operat-

ing instructions for Battery Charger type PASC4,
PASC8, and PASC11.
Those types can be found in the labels on the prod-
ucts.

2. Before using Battery Charger, read all instructions

and cautionary markings on Battery Charger, Bat-
tery Pack and product using Battery Pack.

3. CAUTION - To reduce the risk of fire or electric

shock, only use the Battery Charger type PASC4 to
charge  PACB2,  PASB4,  and  PASB5  type  Battery
Packs  for  Yamaha  e-Bike  Systems,  while  only  us-
ing the Battery Charger type PASC8 and PASC11 to
charge PASB6 type Battery Pack for Yamaha e-Bike
Systems.
Other  types  of  batteries  may  burst  causing  injury
to persons and damage.

79

WARNING

Charging
connector

Battery charger lamp

Charging
plug

Battery
capacity
indicator
lamp

Charger
display

Power plug

Battery capacity

indicator button

Battery
capacity
indicator

WARNING

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Summary of Contents for PASC4

Page 1: ...ery Pack Battery Charger This manual is original instruction Product and specifications are subject to change without notice Read this manual carefully before operating the system This manual should s...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...l Please see your dealer for all service repairs or maintenance Your dealer may also be able to refer you to classes clinics or books on bicycle use service repair or maintenance Drive Unit Display Un...

Page 4: ...unted on the bicycle Multi Location Battery External Crossover Battery p 82 Charging the Battery Pack removed from the bicycle p 84 Reading the charging status for Battery Pack p 89 Reading the chargi...

Page 5: ...symbol It is used to alert you to potential personal injury hazards Obey all safety messages that follow this symbol to avoid possible injury or death A WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which i...

Page 6: ...ry by model the main data points are Drive Unit status and Drive Unit performance data This data will be uploaded only when a special Yamaha diagnostic tool is attached to the Drive Unit such as when...

Page 7: ...information for safe and proper operation Never remove any labels from your Bat tery Pack and Battery Charger The contents of the label affixed to the product might differ from the contents of the la...

Page 8: ...self with the following pictograms and read the explanatory text then make sure to check the pictograms that apply to each part 4 How to disconnect the plug 1 GRASP 2 PULL Read Manual Do not disassemb...

Page 9: ...or 8 Display Unit Display A2 9 Display Unit Display B a Display detachable b Display holder c Remote switch 10 Display Unit Display C a Display b Clamp c Remote switch 11 Display Unit Interface X a Co...

Page 10: ...ance Mode Standard Mode Eco Mode Eco Mode and Off Mode to suit your riding conditions See and switching the assist for information on switching between assist modes 1 Applies to the Drive Unit PW X3 P...

Page 11: ...d wind Low air temperature Worn out Battery Pack When using the headlight applies only to models equipped with lights powered by the Battery Pack Frequent acceleration Heavier rider and luggage weight...

Page 12: ...r damage the Battery Charger Periodically remove dust from the power plug Dampness or other issues could reduce the effectiveness of the insulation resulting in fire Never disassemble or modify the Ba...

Page 13: ...heat source Doing so could cause fire or explosion resulting in serious injury or property damage Do not modify or disassemble the e Bike Systems Do not install anything other than genuine parts and...

Page 14: ...nctions near automatic control equip ment such as automatic doors fire alarms etc Otherwise the radio waves could affect the equipment and cause an accident through possible malfunction or un intentio...

Page 15: ...peedometer Automatic Support Mode indicator Assist mode switch up Assist mode switch down Battery capacity indicator Function display Walk assist switch Light switch Power switch TIP The USB port is f...

Page 16: ...ist power in either of these cases is not a malfunction If you did either of the above by accident remove your feet from the pedals turn on the power again and wait a moment approxi mately two seconds...

Page 17: ...c Support Mode will be canceled TIP Even if you press the assist mode switches up or down while in Automatic Support Mode the assist mode cannot be changed PWseries CE Drive Unit PWseries C2 Drive Uni...

Page 18: ...Remaining assist distance Push the assist mode switch down for 1 second or long er the display changes as follows Odometer Trip meter Range Odometer You can reset the data for trip meter Odometer Thi...

Page 19: ...be ridden with assist changes The range remaining assist distance estimate cannot be reset TIP Actual range remaining assist distance changes de pending on the riding situation hills headwind etc and...

Page 20: ...own for 1 second or longer and release the switch when the display returns to the main riding display For all setting procedures be sure to stop the bicycle and perform the required settings in a safe...

Page 21: ...same time When you start to pedal If your bicycle speed exceeds 3 6 mph 6 km h If you select Off Mode If the wheels are not turning when braking or coming into contact with an obstacle etc Self diagn...

Page 22: ...itch Assist mode switch up Assist mode indicator Automatic Support Mode indicator Clock Light indicator Speedometer Battery capacity indicator Assist mode switch down Function display Walk assist swit...

Page 23: ...frequency ener gy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guaran tee that interference will not oc...

Page 24: ...this The child might cough gag or drool a lot appear to have a stomach upset or a virus be sick point to their throat or stomach have a pain in their abdomen chest or throat be tired or lethargic be q...

Page 25: ...e adjust bolt Display fixing bolt Clamp bolt Fixing the display The display can be secured to prevent easy removal Make sure that the display is properly set in the display holder firmly Then install...

Page 26: ...nds or longer 3 Select the language by using the assist mode switches up or down and then press the function select switch This setting will then be kept and the display will return to the main riding...

Page 27: ...u did either of the above by accident remove your feet from the pedals turn on the power again and wait a moment approxi mately two seconds before starting to ride Assist mode indicator Displaying and...

Page 28: ...port Mode will be canceled TIP Even if you press the assist mode switches up or down while in Automatic Support Mode the assist mode cannot be changed PWseries CE Drive Unit PWseries C2 Drive Unit Ass...

Page 29: ...indicator displays an estimate of how much capacity is left in the Battery Pack Battery capacity indicator Clock Clock Displays the current time in 24 hour format To adjust the TIP When the power of...

Page 30: ...iles rid den while the power was on The odometer cannot be reset Trip meter This displays the total riding distance in kilometers or miles since it was last reset When you turn off the power the data...

Page 31: ...with assist on the residual bat tery capacity of the Battery Pack installed If you switch the assist mode when the range remaining assist dis tance is displayed the estimate of the distance that can b...

Page 32: ...km h or 1 2 MPH the trip time will not be accumulated Light indicator Headlight on off For models equipped with a headlight or taillight powered by the Battery Pack each time you press the light switc...

Page 33: ...sist mode switches up or down When you select an item to set and press the function select switch the setting will be displayed main riding display For all setting procedures be sure to stop the bicyc...

Page 34: ...adjust the hour by using the assist mode switches up or down 2 Press the function select switch to adjust the minutes 3 utes by using the assist mode switches up or down 4 Press the function select sw...

Page 35: ...s and the speed in km h cated in miles and the speed in mph 1 Select or by using the assist mode switches up or down 2 When you press the function select switch the setting will then be kept and the d...

Page 36: ...bicycle speed t TIP You cannot hide the odometer indication 1 Select an item by using the assist mode switches up or down 2 Use the function select switch to show or hide the se lected item When an it...

Page 37: ...ches up or down and use the function select switch to place a check mark in the check box for the item that you want to reset 2 switch the items with check marks will be reset and the display will ret...

Page 38: ...g display Setting the display backlight brightness when the head light is off 1 Turn the headlight off by using the light switch 2 Select the display backlight brightness by using the as sist mode swi...

Page 39: ...In addition when turning on the e Bike Systems the headlight will remain off light will be saved when the power of the e Bike Systems is turned off When later turning on the e Bike Systems the headlig...

Page 40: ...ou start to pedal If your bicycle speed exceeds 3 6 mph 6 km h If you select Off Mode If the wheels are not turning when braking or coming into contact with an obstacle etc Self diagnosis function The...

Page 41: ...Check that the USB plug is facing the right way and not totally out of position with the USB port or slanted and make sure it is fully inserted all the way in Do not connect the USB port and the USB p...

Page 42: ...t Mode indicator Function select switch Assist mode switch up Assist power meter Speedometer Clock Light switch Assist mode switch down Walk assist switch Power switch Function display Bluetooth indic...

Page 43: ...exempts de licence est autoris e aux deux conditions suivantes 1 ne doit pas doit accepter tout brouillage radio lectrique subi m me si le brouillage est susceptible compromettre le fonctionnement FC...

Page 44: ...m that to which the receiver is connected Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV tech nician for help FCC Caution To assure continued compliance any changes or modifications not expressly appro...

Page 45: ...four clamp bolts from the back side of the clamp Tighten the clamp bolts to 2 N m Otherwise during riding vibration could cause the clamp bolts to come loose with the risk that the Display Unit may fa...

Page 46: ...est or throat be tired or lethargic be quieter or more clingy than usual or otherwise lose their appetite or have a reduced appetite and not want to eat solid food be unable to eat solid food These so...

Page 47: ...then be kept and the display will return to the main riding display When setting the language be sure to stop the bicy cle and to set the language in a safe location Other wise lack of attention to su...

Page 48: ...ou did either of the above by accident remove your feet from the pedals turn on the power again and wait a moment approxi mately two seconds before starting to ride Displaying and switching the assist...

Page 49: ...e assist mode cannot be changed PWseries CE Drive Unit PWseries C2 Drive Unit PWseries ST Drive Unit PWseries S2 Drive Unit PW X3 Drive Unit PW XM Drive Unit 45 Function Assist mode indicator Violet A...

Page 50: ...he e Bike Systems are not in operation none of the segments of the assist power meter are displayed When the e Bike Systems are operating as the assist power increases the segments of the assist power...

Page 51: ...time For more information see TIP When you connect to the smartphone and run the applica tion the Trip meter Trip time Average bicycle speed and Maximum bicycle speed will all be reset Odometer This d...

Page 52: ...itch up and assist mode switch down simulta neously for 2 seconds or longer when the maximum bicy cle speed is displayed on the upper row of the function Range Remaining assist distance This displays...

Page 53: ...e speed is less than 2 0 km h or 1 2 MPH the trip time will not be accumulated Headlight on off For models equipped with a headlight or taillight powered by the Battery Pack each time you press the li...

Page 54: ...Select an item by using the assist mode switches up or down When you select an item to set and press the function select switch the setting will be displayed main riding display For all setting proced...

Page 55: ...n 2 Press the function select switch to adjust the minutes 3 utes by using the assist mode switches up or down 4 Press the function select switch to return to the Main Menu display returns to the main...

Page 56: ...peed in km h cated in miles and the speed in mph 1 Select or by using the assist mode switches up or down 2 When you press the function select switch the setting will then be kept and the display will...

Page 57: ...e the odometer indication 1 Select an item by using the assist mode switches up or down 2 Use the function select switch to show or hide the se lected item When an item is shown a check mark will be s...

Page 58: ...Then lated energy 1 Select an item by using the assist mode switches up or down and use the function select switch to place a check mark in the check box for the item that you want to reset 2 switch...

Page 59: ...e available TIP Set the profiles according to the wireless communica tion device that communicates via the Bluetooth low energy technology or the application For the output power leve Even if the powe...

Page 60: ...B port as a power supply TIP Normally you should not use because this is a service mode used for wired communication When the power is turned off the mode automatically changes to returns to the main...

Page 61: ...ations Note that if pairing of the Display Unit and application is correctly established the display might automatically change to the display layout for the application unction display will be dis pl...

Page 62: ...Main Menu display Setting the display backlight brightness and color when the headlight is off 1 Turn the headlight off by using the light switch 2 Select the display backlight brightness and color b...

Page 63: ...witch If you press another switch at the same time When you start to pedal If your bicycle speed exceeds 3 6 mph 6 km h If you select Off Mode If the wheels are not turning when braking or coming into...

Page 64: ...Check that the USB plug is facing the right way and not totally out of position with the USB port or slanted and make sure it is fully inserted all the way in Do not connect the USB port and the USB p...

Page 65: ...y and wireless communication device within 3 ft 1 m The maximum communication distance of this wireless communica tion device is 3 ft 1 m If the wireless communication device is kept in a bag etc the...

Page 66: ...ling since lack of attention to surrounding traffic can cause an accident TIP In this manual all information that can be shown on the Display Unit is described However some information may not be corr...

Page 67: ...on TIP The estimated remaining battery capacity varies accord ing to the riding mode Estimated battery Direction and straight line distance to waypoint or destin Co indi North up The compass indicator...

Page 68: ...dal power The current pedal power is displayed by a bar graph TIP The number of burned calories and pedal power are measured by an original method developed by YAMAHA MOTOR CO LTD The figures are for...

Page 69: ...e traveled over time since the application started the Fitness function In addition the current distance traveled is displayed by a bar graph The lower part displays the target riding time value and a...

Page 70: ...Display Unit Interface X Select button Battery capacity indicator Assist mode indicator Assist mode switch up Assist mode switch down Power switch Light switch USB port 66...

Page 71: ...e that may cause undesired op eration Cet appareil est conforme la partie 15 des r gles de la FCC et comporte un metteur r cepteur exempt de l i cen ce q u i est co n fo rme au x n o rmes RSS Science...

Page 72: ...m that to which the receiver is connected Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV tech nician for help FCC Caution To assure continued compliance any changes or modifications not expressly appro...

Page 73: ...iately after turning on the Display Unit Doing so could weaken the assist power Weak assist power in either of these cases is not a malfunction If you did either of the above by accident remove your f...

Page 74: ...t Mode the assist mode cannot be changed PWseries CE Drive Unit PWseries C2 Drive Unit PWseries ST Drive Unit PWseries S2 Drive Unit Assist mode switch up Assist mode switch down Y Yellow G Green B Bl...

Page 75: ...th a headlight or taillight powered by the Battery Pack each time you press the light switch the headlight and taillight will turn on and off TIP Indicator operates simultaneously with the light switc...

Page 76: ...e dis played display For all setting procedures be sure to stop the bicycle and perform the required settings in a safe location Otherwise lack of attention to surrounding traffic or other hazards cou...

Page 77: ...sible to use in parallel TIP Set the profile according to the wireless communication device that communicates via Bluetooth low energy technology Even if the power is turned off the setting will be ke...

Page 78: ...g the light switch 2 Select the indicator brightness by using the assist mode switches up or down 3 When you press the select button the setting will then be kept and the display will return to the ma...

Page 79: ...you select Off Mode If the wheels are not turning when braking or coming into contact with an obstacle etc 1 Change to any other assist mode than the Off Mode 2 When you press the select button the r...

Page 80: ...cap of the display 2 Connect the USB cable to the display and external de vice 3 Turn on the power of the vehicle To stop the power supply 1 Turn off the power of the vehicle 2 Disconnect the USB cabl...

Page 81: ...n device is a combination of irregular alphanumeric char acters TIP Keep the distance between the communication unit and wireless communication device within 3 ft 1 m The maximum communication distanc...

Page 82: ...s kept in a bag etc the actual communication distance might be short er Do not use the wireless communication device in plac es with magnetic fields static electricity or electromag netic interference...

Page 83: ...in fire explosion or damage the Battery Packs Battery capacity indicator Charging connector Battery capacity indicator lamp Battery capacity indicator button IMPORTANT SAFETY THESE INSTRUCTIONS TO RED...

Page 84: ...e harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is en couraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the fol...

Page 85: ...hile charging You can avoid charging suspension by starting to charge with the Battery Pack cold or at a room temper ature of 59 77 F 15 25 C If charging suspension occurs move the Battery Pack to a c...

Page 86: ...rging connector on the bicycle and connect it to the charging plug on the Battery Charger How to open the cap var ies between bicycles NOTICE Do not connect the charging plug of the Battery Charger wi...

Page 87: ...charging plug or touch the Battery Charger contacts with wet hands This could result in electric shock TIP Charging will start automatically If the Display Unit is turned on while the Battery Pack is...

Page 88: ...connect it to the charging plug on the Battery Charger The Multi Location Battery and External Crossover Battery are not equipped with a cap NOTICE Do not connect the charging plug of the Battery Cha...

Page 89: ...ck Do not use with a power strip or extension cord Using a power strip or similar methods may exceed rated current and can result in fire Do not use with the cable tied or rolled up and do not store w...

Page 90: ...attery Pack in the direction of the arrow so that the battery handle is aligned to the top of the battery lock Press the upper part of the Battery Pack toward the frame until it clicks into place to s...

Page 91: ...Bat tery Insert the Battery Pack in the direction of the arrow so that the battery bottom is aligned to the top of the case Press the upper part of the Battery Pack toward the frame until it clicks i...

Page 92: ...y Pack to become hot or catch fire resulting in serious injury or prop erty damage Do not dispose of the Battery Pack in a fire or ex pose it to a heat source Doing so could cause an explosion resulti...

Page 93: ...ry capacity indicator lamps indicate the amount of charging completed A flashing battery capacity indicator lamp indicates current progress Down Tube Battery Multi Location Battery External Crossover...

Page 94: ...rger and the battery capacity indicator lamp on the Battery Pack go off Four lamps flash simultaneously Down Tube Battery Multi Location Battery External Crossover Battery Battery Pack is in standby m...

Page 95: ...attery charger lamp Display Unit Current status Details On Display A2 0 1 10 11 99 0 2 second 0 5 second intervals intervals Display B 11 99 1 10 0 5 second intervals 0 0 2 second intervals Display C...

Page 96: ...he battery capacity indicator light up Display C All segments of the battery capacity indicator light up Charging completed When charging is complete all segments of the battery capacity indicator of...

Page 97: ...ashing Interface X Assist mode indicator and battery capacity indicator will flash Flashing lamp depends on the situation at that time Battery Pack is in standby mode The Battery Pack internal tempera...

Page 98: ...ugh charging time varies depending on residual bat tery capacity and external temperature if the Battery Pack has been exhausted this time is typically as indicated in the table below Battery Pack Cha...

Page 99: ...yed as a numerical value on the Display Unit 95 Display of the residual battery capacity for the Display Unit Display of the residual battery capacity Applicable situation Display A2 Display B Display...

Page 100: ...of the residual battery capacity Applicable situation Display A2 0 5 second intervals Display B 0 5 second intervals Display C 0 5 second intervals Interface X 0 5 second intervals 10 1 There is very...

Page 101: ...ion Display A2 There is no more residual battery capacity Turn off the power for the Display Unit and charge the Battery Pack soon Assist is stopped but you can still ride the bicycle as a regular bic...

Page 102: ...city indicator button 98 Display of the battery capacity indicator lamps Estimate of the residual battery capacity Applicable situation Down Tube Battery Multi Location Battery External Crossover Batt...

Page 103: ...idual battery capacity Applicable situation Down Tube Battery Multi Location Battery External Crossover Battery 50 26 From full charge 100 the battery capacity indicator lamps turn off one by one Down...

Page 104: ...ube Battery Multi Location Battery External Crossover Battery Slow flashing 0 5 second intervals 10 1 There is very little battery capacity left Down Tube Battery Multi Location Battery External Cross...

Page 105: ...ou begin moving 4 Display unit Is the display mounted correctly Applies to Display B K Cleaning maintenance and storage For bicycles equipped with a Multi Location Battery do not remove the Battery Pa...

Page 106: ...tery capacity once a month and if only one battery capacity indicator lamp is flashing charge the Battery Pack for about 10 minutes Do not let the residual battery capacity become too low TIP If you l...

Page 107: ...are no longer usable defective or used Battery Packs batteries must be collect ed separately and disposed of in an environmentally correct manner Please return Battery Packs that are no longer usable...

Page 108: ...not a malfunction It is a safeguard engaged when the temperature of the Battery Pack or the Drive Unit is too high Power assist will be restored once the temperature of the Battery Pack or the Drive...

Page 109: ...ked in place there may be a loose connection with the Battery Pack terminals or wires Have a bicycle dealer inspect your bicycle Strange rumbling or crunching noises come from the Drive Unit There cou...

Page 110: ...ages other than those related to the Battery Pack are displayed here as error underneath Interface X The battery capacity indicator goes off and all lamps of the assist mode indicator flash in red or...

Page 111: ...ll F Are you using the system under low temperature conditions Normal traveling range will be restored when the ambient temperature rises Additionally storing the Battery Pack indoors in a warm locati...

Page 112: ...Power assist will decrease Interface X Assist mode indicator and battery capacity indicator will flash Flashing lamp depends on the situation at that time Power assist will decrease The speed sensor...

Page 113: ...e function display is flashing Power assist is stopped Interface X Assist mode indicator and battery capacity indicator will flash Flashing lamp depends on the situation at that time Power assist is s...

Page 114: ...sages relating to Battery Pack errors are displayed here as together underneath Interface X The battery capacity indicator goes off and all lamps of the assist mode indicator flash in red or 2 indicat...

Page 115: ...Interface X The rightmost lamp of the assist mode indicator flashes in Turquoise The other lamps light up as normal to display the current state T Depends on the situation at that time T Turquoise Th...

Page 116: ...ist function from the beginning Did you pedal while the walk assist function was running Display A2 Display B and Display C Take your feet off the pedals and remove your finger from the walk assist sw...

Page 117: ...mplies with USB 2 0 Is the USB cable type correct Use an OTG cable Also connect the host side to the display Is the USB cable firmly connected Reconnect the USB cable Is the USB port or USB plug termi...

Page 118: ...cation software Are the communication profiles of the wireless communication device or application software that communicates wirelessly with the communication profiles of the display correct The disp...

Page 119: ...residual battery capacity indicator lamps lit Review charging method and try charging again If the Battery Pack still does not charge the Battery Charger might be malfunctioning Are the Battery Charge...

Page 120: ...still flash alternatively there might be a fault in the Battery Pack When the Battery Pack is remounted on the bicycle and the power switch of the Display Unit is pressed if battery capacity indicato...

Page 121: ...ed into the Battery Pack if battery capacity indicator lamps still flash simultaneously there might be a fault in the Battery Charger There is a contact fault in the contact terminals Multi Location B...

Page 122: ...bicycle dealer the Battery The Battery Charger becomes hot Charger to become somewhat warm during charging Has the charging plug been unplugged or the Battery Pack removed Charge the Battery Pack aga...

Page 123: ...or Maximum 30 minutes power 500 W Assist power control method Control method depends on pedaling torque and bicycle speed PW X3 Range of assist speed 0 to less than 20 mph 32 km h Motor type Permanent...

Page 124: ...t address https global yamaha motor com business e bike systems products battery charger 120 PASC4 Input voltage AC 100 240 V 50 60 Hz Maximum output voltage DC 42 V Maximum output current DC 4 0 A Ma...

Page 125: ...on Display B Power supply portion USB port type USB2 0 Micro B Output current Max 1000 mA Rated voltage 5 V Wireless communication portion Product Information Model No X3M Manufacturer YAMAHA MOTOR CO...

Page 126: ...ofile Corresponds to the wheel revolution data crank revolution data instantaneous power and accumu lated energy 3 YEP1 0 The e Bike profile preset by YAMAHA MOTOR CO LTD Navigation information Compas...

Page 127: ...support Fitness can be displayed on the Display Unit by pairing the application with YEP1 0 4 S C Speed and Cadence Corresponds to the wheel revolution data and crank revolution data 5 PWR Power Corr...

Page 128: ......

Page 129: ...PRINTED IN JAPAN...

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