Water Impurity or Condition
Corrective Method
Particles (dp < 0.3 mm)
Filter the water.
Excessive hardness
Soften the water by ion exchange.
Moderate level of particles and hardeners
Add dispersion or stabilization agents.
Moderate level of chemical impurities
Add deadening agents and inhibitors.
Biological impurities (bacteria and algae)
Add biocides.
Table 6.6 Water Impurity
Hydrological Data
Recommended Purity Levels
pH values
(7 - 10,5)
Carbonate hardness
(3 - 8) °dH
Free carbon dioxide
(8 - 15) mg/dm3
Combined carbon dioxide
8 - 15mg/dm
3
Aggressive carbon dioxide
0mg/dm
3
Sulfides
< 10mg/dm
3
Oxygen
< 50mg/dm
3
Chloride ions
< 250mg/dm
3
Sulphate ions
< 10mg/dm
3
Nitrates and nitrites
< 7mg/dm
3
COB
< 5mg/dm
3
Ammonia
< 5mg/dm
3
Iron
< 0.2mg/dm
3
Manganese
< 0.2mg/dm
3
Conductivity
< 30S/cm
Solid residue from evaporation
< 500mg/dm
3
Potassium manganese consumption
< 25mg/dm
3
Suspended matter
< 3mg/dm
3
Partial Flow Cleaning Recommended
3 -15 mg/dm
3
Full Flow Cleaning
> 15mg/dm
3
Table 6.7 Hydrological Data
6 Piping Requirements
27
Summary of Contents for Liebert XDU 060
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