Vaisala FS11P User Manual Download Page 135

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Chapter 5 _________________________________________________________ Theory of Operation

VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 133

CHAPTER 5

THEORY OF OPERATION

Present Weather Sensor FS11P is a forward scatter measuring

instrument. It consists of Measurement Unit (FSM102), Interface Unit

(FSI102), one of several optional masts, Precipitation Identifier (PWD32)

and interconnecting cables.

Measurement Unit FSM102 consists of the Receiver module, the

Transmitter module, and the control board. It works as an independent

sensor with a limited number of external interfaces. Precipitation

Identifier PWD32 consists of the Controller/Receiver, Transmitter and

PWR212 Vaisala RAINCAP

The power required for FSM102, PWD32 and for the heating of the

optics is supplied by Interface Unit. The Interface Unit consists of the AC

(mains) power supply, the communication controller board, and the

optional backup battery plus battery charger.

The FSM102 transmitter sends continuous infrared light pulses, which

the lens focuses into a narrow beam. The receiver lens collects the

scattered light on the PIN photodiode for detection. The detected light

level is converted and sampled, and sent to the measurement CPU for

calculations.

The Precipitation Identifier PWD32 measures the intensity and amount of

both liquid and solid precipitation. PWD32 measures precipitation using

the principle of forward scatter measurement. Light scatters from

precipitation particles, the signal being proportional to the size of the

particle. The attached PWR212 RAINCAP

sensor provides information

for determining the equivalent water amount of the precipitating

particles. PWD32 also uses the FSM102 visibility and temperature

information to determine the correct present weather code.

The communication control unit collects the measurement results and

communicates them to the user through the serial line interfaced with the

RS-232 or RS-485 driver or with the optional modem.

Summary of Contents for FS11P

Page 1: ...USER S GUIDE Present Weather Sensor FS11P M211107EN C ...

Page 2: ...thout prior written permission of the copyright holder Translated manuals and translated portions of multilingual documents are based on the original English versions In ambiguous cases the English versions are applicable not the translations The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice This manual does not create any legally binding obligations for Vaisala towards custom...

Page 3: ...Regulatory Compliances 15 Trademarks 16 License Agreement 16 Warranty 16 CHAPTER 2 PRODUCT OVERVIEW 17 Description and Purpose 17 Mechanical Structure 18 Equipment Nomenclature 20 CHAPTER 3 INSTALLATION 23 Organizing Installation 23 Location and Orientation 24 Unloading and Unpacking 27 Unpacking Procedure 27 Storage Information 27 Equipment Grounding and Lightning Protection 28 Cable Selection 30...

Page 4: ...uminance Sensor 65 Day Night Photo Switch 66 Startup 67 Initial Settings 68 CHAPTER 4 OPERATION 69 FS11P Commands 69 Entering and Exiting Command Mode 69 OPEN Command 69 CLOSE Command 71 Available Commands 71 Command Completion 76 Terminal Line Number Adjustment 77 Command Polling 77 Message Formats 79 MESSAGE Command 79 MESSAGE 1 FS11P 80 Alarm Status Codes 81 MESSAGE 2 FS11P with LM21 82 MESSAGE...

Page 5: ...tion Options 102 Serial Communication Settings 103 Serial Transmission RS 232 103 Serial Multipoint Transmission RS 485 103 Initial Settings 104 Weather Parameters 104 Verification 105 Entering and Exiting Command Mode 106 OPEN 106 CLOSE 106 Message Types 107 Message 3 107 Message 7 107 Message Polling 108 Precipitation Sums 110 List of Commands 111 PWD32 Command Set 111 HELP 111 MES 112 AMES 112 ...

Page 6: ...OF OPERATION 133 Hardware Description 135 Measurement Unit FSM102 135 Transmitter Unit FST102 135 Receiver Unit FSR102 137 Controller Board FSC102 139 Precipitation Identifier PWD32 140 Optical Arrangement 141 Transmitter Unit PWT11 141 Light Receiver 142 Additional Measurements 142 Vaisala RAINCAP Rain Sensor 142 Interface Unit FSI102 143 Communication Controller Board FSC202 143 AC Mains Power S...

Page 7: ...gram Operation 167 Communication Monitoring 167 Background Luminance Sensor 168 Present Weather Detector 168 Error Log 168 CHAPTER 6 MAINTENANCE 169 Cleaning FSM102 Windows 169 Cleaning PWD32 171 Cleaning Lenses and Hoods 171 Cleaning RAINCAP 172 FS11P Calibration 172 FSM102 Visibility Calibration 172 FSM102 Calibration Check Procedure 173 FSM102 Calibration Procedure 175 FSM102 Mechanical Alignme...

Page 8: ...S11P 204 Removing PWT11 206 Removing PWC12 208 Replacing RAINCAP 209 CHAPTER 7 TROUBLESHOOTING 211 Error Messages 212 Errors 212 Alarms 213 Warnings 214 Indications 215 Miscellaneous Problems 216 Technical Support 218 Product Returns 218 CHAPTER 8 TECHNICAL DATA 219 Specifications 219 Operational Specifications 219 Optical Specifications 219 Electrical Specifications 220 Mechanical Specifications ...

Page 9: ...Measurement Unit 43 Figure 17 Suspending Enclosure from Rear Panel 44 Figure 18 Cable Tie Attached to Cable Connector 45 Figure 19 Threading Cable Connector with Cable Tie 45 Figure 20 Attaching Cable to PWD32 46 Figure 21 Threading LM21 Cable 47 Figure 22 Mounting Interface Unit Enclosure 47 Figure 23 Assembly of Sensor Arm 48 Figure 24 Mounting Radiation Shield 49 Figure 25 Obstruction Light Wir...

Page 10: ...m View Central Compartment Cover Screws 191 Figure 54 FSI102 Interface Unit 192 Figure 55 Power and Battery Switch Locations 193 Figure 56 FSC202 Connectors and Cover Plate Screws 193 Figure 57 FSC202 Screws and Connectors 194 Figure 58 FSP103 Parts 196 Figure 59 Visibility Sensor Transmitter and Receiver Control Cables 198 Figure 60 End Plug Removal Shown for Transmitter 199 Figure 61 Module Reta...

Page 11: ...re Error Texts 121 Table 18 Warnings 121 Table 19 LM21 User Level Commands 128 Table 20 LM21 Advanced Level Commands 129 Table 21 Default Settings for LM21 in FS11P use 131 Table 22 WMO SYNOP Code Limits 151 Table 23 WMO METAR Code Limits 152 Table 24 Measurement Unit Event Messages 155 Table 25 Interface Unit Event Messages 157 Table 26 Background Luminance Detector Sensor Event Messages 158 Tabl...

Page 12: ...ions 219 Table 45 FS11P Transmitter Optical Specifications 220 Table 46 FS11P Receiver Optical Specifications 220 Table 47 FS11P Electrical Specifications 220 Table 48 FS11P Mechanical Specifications 221 Table 49 FS11P Environmental Specifications 221 Table 50 FS11P CE Compliance 221 Table 51 Internal Weather Types and Supported NWS Codes 223 Table 52 WMO SYNOP Codes Table 4680 WaWa Used by PWD32 ...

Page 13: ...tions are included to help fault tracing Version Information Table 1 Manual Revisions Manual Code Description M211107EN C This manual Updated with information on modem DXL421 M211107EN B Previous version Added FSC202 FSP103 and sensor cable replacement instructions M211107EN A First release of this manual Related Manuals The need for the following manuals which are for related sensors computers di...

Page 14: ...bserved during all phases of installation work and repair of this instrument or the equipment Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design manufacture and intended use of the instrument or equipment Vaisala Oyj and its subsidiaries assume no liability for the consequences of customer s failure to comply with these r...

Page 15: ... must not remove instrument covers Component replacement or internal adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance personnel Do not replace components with the power cable connected Under certain conditions dangerous voltages may exist even with the power cable disconnected To avoid injuries disconnect the power and discharge all circuits before touching them CAUTION The component boards inclu...

Page 16: ...ment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures reorient the receiving antenna relocate the device with respect to the receiver move the device away from the receiver If necessary the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio television technician for additional suggestions ESD Protection Electrostatic Discharge ESD ca...

Page 17: ...6 95 EC EMC Directive 2004 108 EC EN 60950 1 2006 A11 2009 Information technology equipment Safety Part 1 General requirements UL 60950 1 2007 2nd Edition and national differences for United States and Canada EN 61326 1 2006 04 Electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use EMC requirements for use in industrial locations EN 55022 2006 Am 1 2007 to EN55022 2006 Class B Information...

Page 18: ...o use the software only to the extent that is provided by the applicable supply contract or Software License Agreement Warranty For certain products Vaisala normally gives a limited one year warranty Visit our Internet pages for more information and our standard warranty terms and conditions www vaisala com services warranty html Please observe that any such warranty may not be valid in case of da...

Page 19: ...light FS11P can be used to automatically determine the visibility and precipitation related weather codes in the World Meteorological Organization WMO standard SYNOP and METAR messages The sensor can also be employed as an observer s aid in a semi automatic weather observing system The sensor is also suitable for other weather observing systems providing valuable information for example to airport...

Page 20: ...___________________________________ M211107EN C Mechanical Structure 1001 112 Figure 1 FS11P System The following numbers refer to Figure 1 above 1 Measurement Unit FSM102 2 Precipitation Identifier PWD32 3 Interface Unit FSI102 4 Pole mast 5 Background Luminance Sensor LM21 optional 6 FS11OBS Obstruction Light optional ...

Page 21: ...ransmitter receiver and protective hoods equipped with heaters 3 The interface unit FSI102 includes the communication CPU power supply optional modem board and optional backup battery including battery charger 4 The frangible pole mast includes the mechanical fixing onto the foundation or some other flat surface and the support for the measurement unit and the interface unit s enclosure The FSM102...

Page 22: ...er Supply 228931 Mast Cable For FSFM250 FSFM250 Frangible mast and Foundation kit Frangible composite mast allows 2 5 m measurement volume height from ground with installation kit and accessories FS211295 Mast Frangible mast FS211296 Foundation kit Installation kit for frangible and aluminum masts for existing and new foundations PWD32 Precipitation Identifier 227010 Connection Cable 2 3m For PWD3...

Page 23: ...nal connections and enhanced lightning protection FSAM250 Aluminum mast and Foundation kit Aluminum mast allows 2 5 m measurement volume height from ground with installation kit and accessories FD1130 Mast Aluminum mast FS211296 Foundation kit Installation kit for frangible and aluminum masts for existing and new foundations FSAM300 Aluminum mast and Foundation kit Aluminum mast allows 3 m measure...

Page 24: ...User s Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 22 ___________________________________________________________________ M211107EN C This page intentionally left blank ...

Page 25: ...ype Power supply cabling layout and cable type Modem signal cabling layout and cable type 3 Order the construction materials and cables 4 Do the digging for cables and foundation 5 Cast the concrete 6 Install the base plate and the pole mast Install the base plate on the concrete block with the bolts Level the plate Mount the pole mast on the base plate 7 Connect the cables Connect the AC mains an...

Page 26: ...ht of the FSM102 and PWD32 transmitter and receiver units see Figure 2 below If the transmitter beam is reflected back to the receiver unit from obstacles the sensor will indicate too low MOR values because the reflected signal cannot be distinguished from the real scatter signal Harmful reflections can be detected by rotating the measurement unit These reflections change depending on the measurem...

Page 27: ...apter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation VAISALA________________________________________________________________________ 25 1004 085 Figure 3 Sensor Alignment ...

Page 28: ...ted by the sensor There should be no bright flashing lights near the sensor or in the receiver s field of view If a Background Luminance Sensor is installed it needs a clear view of the sky in its preferred viewing direction normally North in the Northern hemisphere and South in the Southern hemisphere see section LM21 Background Luminance Sensor on page 65 3 Power supply and communication lines m...

Page 29: ...om the truck to the installation site by two persons NOTE The case containing the optical parts should be handled carefully Do not drop either end of the case for more than five centimeters Unpacking Procedure 1 Read the packing list supplied with the delivery documents Compare the packing list with the purchase order to ensure that the shipment is complete 2 Open the covers 3 In case of any discr...

Page 30: ...ed under the cable flange see Figure 4 on page 29 A 16 mm2 jacketed grounding cable should be connected to the clamp In case of a frangible mast the FSM102 Measurement Unit is also grounded with a 16 mm2 jacketed grounding cable that is located inside the mast Depending on the need one to four copper sheathed steel rods are driven into the ground In case several rods are needed the alignment from ...

Page 31: ..._________________________________ 29 0201 058 Figure 4 FS11P Equipment Grounding The following numbers refer to Figure 4 above 1 Grounding clamp 2 Grounding cable 3 Grounding rods WARNING A lightning strike can cause a dangerous voltage surge at remote sites through the communication wire if the remote units are not properly grounded ...

Page 32: ...d be used to mechanically protect the AC cable and the signal cable from the termination box down into the ground 0 7 m below the ground This equipment is designed for continuous 24 hour operation The AC mains power supply should be continuous and without surges or blackouts If the AC voltage fluctuates outside the given tolerance AC voltage stabilizers are recommended Line Power Cable FS11P is su...

Page 33: ...ox Vaisala Termbox The distance between the equipment and the Mains Distribution Transformer and the power consumption of the equipment dictate the thickness of the cable The minimum requirement for the power cable is 3 x min 1 5 mm2 AWG 15 3 conductor power cable Recommended AC mains wire cross sections and typical cable diameters for AC mains voltage 230 VAC are shown in Table 6 on page 32 It ap...

Page 34: ...l analogue signals should be of the following kind All field cables should be armored suitable for underground use and led to the equipment through conduits Unless the cables are armored they have to be led through pipes The signal cable shields should be grounded at both ends For modem and RS signal cable use a screened 2 x 0 22 mm2 AWG 24 conductor diameter 0 61 mm twisted pair signal cable with...

Page 35: ... and a rigid construction can also be used The recommended minimum dimensions for the foundation are illustrated in Figure 6 below The easiest way to mount the foundation screws is to do it while casting the pad If the pad has been made before three holes have to be drilled into the concrete for the wedge bolts 0009 009 Figure 6 Casting Concrete Foundation If a new foundation needs to be cast it i...

Page 36: ... while casting the pad proceed as follows 1 Screw on the three reinforcing plates to the lower end of the foundation screws as shown in Figure 7 on page 35 To prevent the plates from rotating after their correct position has been found destroy the threads above and below them by hammering 2 Fix the drilling template to the upper ends of the foundation screws with six M16 nuts 3 Embed the assembly ...

Page 37: ..._____________________________________ 35 0201 059 Figure 7 FS11P Foundation Construction The following numbers and letter refer to Figure 7 above 1 Drilling template 2 Foundation screw 3 Reinforcing plate 4 Background luminance sensor viewing direction normally North in the Northern hemisphere and South in the Southern hemisphere ...

Page 38: ...f the existing foundation 2 Drill three 20 mm holes with a depth of 100 to 260 mm using the drilling template Remove the template Clean the holes 3 Fasten the foundation screws to the wedge bolts by hand 4 Protect the tops of the screws with two nuts tightened together 5 Place the wedge bolt and foundation screw combinations in the holes wedge bolts down Refer to Figure 8 below Hammer the combinat...

Page 39: ...in Figure 9 below and Figure 11 on page 39 NOTE If the frangible mast length is more than 3 meters do not install the tilting support supplied in the Foundation kit FS211296 2 If you are installing a frangible mast mount the pole mast pedestal on the base plate with three M16 nuts see Figure 11 on page 39 and an M8 hinge bolt For the M16 nuts use the wrench supplied with the FSA11 kit 0201 060 Fig...

Page 40: ...______________________________________ M211107EN C 3 Tilt the frangible mast and attach the grounding cable into the grounding support see Figure 10 below Raise the mast 0201 061 Figure 10 Mounting FS11P Frangible Mast Grounding Cable The following numbers refer to Figure 10 above 1 Grounding cable 2 Screw attachment ...

Page 41: ...Kit FS211296 to mount the pedestal 0201 062 Figure 11 Mounting FS11P Aluminum Mast Using FS211296 Foundation Kit The following numbers and letter refer to Figure 11 above 1 M16 set screws 3 pcs 2 Guard plug 3 Mounting screws 4 pcs 4 Background luminance sensor viewing direction normally North in the Northern hemisphere and South in the Southern hemisphere 5 Mount the rear panel of the radiation sh...

Page 42: ...arm s forks with the threads on the back of the rear panel Fix it in place with four Allen screws See Figure 12 below 1002 037 Figure 12 Fixing Sensor Arm with Allen Screws 7 Attach the Precipitation Identifier PWD32 to the top of the sensor arm so that the receiver and transmitter are pointing away from the FSI102 interface unit Fix it in place with four Allen screws See Figure 13 below 1207 021 ...

Page 43: ...of Radiation Shield 8 Attach the FSI102 interface unit to the rear panel of the radiation shield see Figure 22 on page 47 The upper end of the interface unit is mounted by inserting the hook at the back of the interface unit into the groove in the rear panel The lower end is mounted with two screws NOTE If the tilting support has been removed due to the length of the mast a temporary tilting suppo...

Page 44: ...1107EN C 0201 067 Figure 15 Tilting Aluminum and Frangible Pole Masts NOTE The measurement unit cable has to be fed into the mast before the signal and power cables or the cable connector does not fit through the hole in the mast 9 Check that there is a thin rubber o ring gasket around the insertion neck of the measurement unit FSM102 See Figure 16 on page 43 ...

Page 45: ...nnecting Measurement Unit The following numbers refer to Figure 16 above 1 Measurement unit end gasket 2 Transmitter 3 Surface temperature probe 4 Receiver 11 Insert the measurement unit into the pole mast and lock it in the correct orientation as discussed in section Location and Orientation on page 24 with two 8 mm bolts see Figure 16 above The transmitter and receiver heads can be identified by...

Page 46: ...____ M211107EN C 13 Lift the enclosure of the FSI102 interface unit away from its place and suspend it from the right side hole in the rear panel by the hook on the backside of the unit See Figure 17 below CAUTION Be careful when lifting and suspending the FSI102 interface unit The unit is heavy 1002 039 Figure 17 Suspending Enclosure from Rear Panel ...

Page 47: ...___ 45 14 Attach a long cable tie to the cable connector to help guide the cable through the tube Thread the PWD32 cable through the arm tube until it comes out from the cable hole in the upper part of the arm See Figure 18 below and Figure 19 below 1002 040 Figure 18 Cable Tie Attached to Cable Connector 1002 041 Figure 19 Threading Cable Connector with Cable Tie ...

Page 48: ...tach the cable to the PWD32 unit See Figure 20 below 1002 042 Figure 20 Attaching Cable to PWD32 16 If the Background Luminance Sensor option is mounted thread the LM21 cable through the sensor arm Attach the cable tie to the LM21 cable connector to make threading easier Attach the cable to LM21 and mount the LM21 and bracket to the sensor arm See the correct location for the cable in Figure 21 on...

Page 49: ...ection of LM21 Background Luminance Sensor needs fine tuning it can be adjusted by turning the sensor s mounting bracket If the desired LM21 orientation is not possible to obtain by turning the mounting racket the FS11P rear panel can be adjusted by loosening the screws holding the clamps and rotating the rear panel of the radiation shield Tighten the screws after the adjustment 1001 128 Figure 22...

Page 50: ...is mounted lift the enclosure and suspend it from the left side hole in the rear panel Install and make the cabling as shown in Figure 23 below Refer to Figure 25 on page 50 for the wiring inside enclosure NOTE The cable shield of the Obstruction Light cable must be properly grounded in the cable gland of the interface unit s enclosure see Figure 29 on page 56 1001 110 Figure 23 Assembly of Sensor...

Page 51: ...__________________________________________ 49 19 Attach the interface unit back in its original place in the rear panel NOTE Make sure that the cables are not pressed between the interface unit and the rear panel 20 Attach and close the radiation shield as shown in Figure 24 below 1001 129 Figure 24 Mounting Radiation Shield ...

Page 52: ...p FSB101 is used a battery charger module QBR101 is located inside the interface unit A 2 Ah battery is packed separately and should be inserted into the interface unit as follows 1 Remove the upper interface unit enclosure and open the interface unit with the provided key NOTE Make sure the AC mains power and the battery backup are both OFF before you proceed with the next steps 2 Open the four s...

Page 53: ...le 2 Minus battery terminal black cable with a white stripe CAUTION Do not short circuit the battery 3 Push the battery into its place under the cover plate and push the battery wire terminals onto the battery terminals all black to plus and black with a white stripe to minus 4 Attach the cover plate by tightening the four screws holding it 5 Turn on the AC power switch and the battery backup swit...

Page 54: ...to the ISO 14001 standard the battery must be recycled Connecting Cables 1 2 4 5 6 3 1001 007 Figure 27 Interface Unit Enclosure Cable Flange The following numbers refer to Figure 27 above Number Description Thread Cable Diameter Wrench Tool 1 AC Mains input M20x1 5 8 11 mm 24 mm 2 AC Mains data optional M20x1 5 11 14 mm 24 mm 3 Data cable M20x1 5 8 11 mm 24 mm 4 LM21 cable optional M16x1 5 4 8 mm...

Page 55: ... the junction box mounted below the interface unit enclosure or led into the mast through the opening in the mast below the rear panel and out at the lower end of the mast and further into a local junction box The power cable does not have a cable shield Make sure to connect the wires in the correct way especially the ones to the protective ground usually yellow green See Figure 28 on page 54 2 Co...

Page 56: ...ser s Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 54 ___________________________________________________________________ M211107EN C 1303 064 Figure 28 Cabling Principle ...

Page 57: ...ng check the voltage setting of the FSP103 AC mains power supply alternatives 115 VAC and 230 VAC See Figure 28 on page 54 Communication Cable The enclosure of the interface unit FSI102 has a data cable outlet for cable diameters of 8 to 11 mm This is reserved for signal or modem cables The optional AC mains data cable outlet can also be used for data cables The cable should be led out from the un...

Page 58: ...e the communication cable according to the instructions in section Communication Options below 0201 070 Figure 29 Cable Grounding Instruction The following number refer to Figure 29 above 1 Cable shield Communication Options The FS11P sensor provides RS 232 RS 485 and modem transmission interfaces for data messages A separate RS 232 interface is provided for maintenance purposes Consider your comm...

Page 59: ...8 The flow control lines RTS and CTS are not required but they can be used The hardware flow control can be enabled in FS11P with the command SET DATA_PORT RS 232 HW_FLOW_CNTR During hardware flow control the control line RTS indicates Ready for Receiving The hardware transmit control can be enabled in FS11P with the command SET DATA_PORT RS 232 HW_TRANSMIT_CNTR During hardware transmit control th...

Page 60: ...S 485 The RS 485 transmission standard allows several FS11P sensors to communicate half duplex with the host computer using a single twisted pair The RS 485 interface is opto isolated For the RS 485 communication method connect the signal wires to the screw terminal at the CPU board See Figure 31 on page 59 NOTE The cable shield of the RS 485 cable must be properly grounded in the cable gland of t...

Page 61: ...h a 120 Ω resistor This is especially important with long cables If the FS11P sensor is at the end of the RS 485 chain the 120 Ω resistor can be connected across the screw terminal pins The 120 Ω resistor is available in a plastic bag attached to the power cable inside the interface unit s enclosure Figure 32 below illustrates an RS 485 application using a half duplex data transfer over a single t...

Page 62: ...21 modem If the modem is installed the unit was ordered with the modem option connect the incoming signal wires to the DLX421 modem line screw terminals 3 and 4 See Figure 33 below NOTE The DXL421 modem replaces the DMX501 modem The DMX501 modem is no longer available but it can still be used with FS11 Replacing the modem does not cause any changes to the data transmission through modem except tha...

Page 63: ...onnecting the modem supply voltage lines and data lines See the wiring instructions in Figure 34 on page 62 After the installation turn on the AC mains switch and the battery backup switch if you have installed it NOTE If you need to reconfigure the DXL421 modem use the jumper dip switch settings on the DXL421 modem The jumper switch settings are printed on the left side of the modem The available...

Page 64: ... 62 ___________________________________________________________________ M211107EN C 1303 066 Figure 34 Installing DXL421 The following number refers to Figure 34 above 1 DXL421 Modem module 2 Wire set for DXL421 3 Screw terminals 1 and 2 for DXL421 supply voltage 4 FSC serial data line ...

Page 65: ...guration the data collection computer or the weather station acts a master that polls all the FS11P sensors and the other possible sensors The master modem must be in the Originate mode All other modems on the line must be in the Answer mode and the Carrier signal must be disconnected by default In the FS11P sensor this can be set with the jumper dip switch settings on the DXL421 modem as describe...

Page 66: ... interface unit when looking at the unit from the door side The upper connector is for PWD32 unit and lower for FS11P see Figure 35 below The connector is protected with a cap Replace the protective cap after disconnecting the maintenance cable The maintenance cable QMZ101 can also be used for a connection with the PWD32 maintenance interface The external maintenance connector of the PWD32 sensor ...

Page 67: ...hown in Figure 23 on page 48 Assembly instructions are described in detail on pages 42 and 43 steps 15 and 16 The sensor should be directed to face the North sky in the Northern hemisphere Direct sunlight into the sensor must also be avoided The Background Luminance Sensor is normally tilted at an angle of 20 to 50 Generally an installation angle of 30 is recommended when there is no special reaso...

Page 68: ...y and night ambient light conditions A low voltage 12 DC model of the photo switch has to be used The switch output can be connected to the photo switch input on the FSC202 processor board See Figure 36 below for wiring details For system configuration refer to section Day Night Sensor on page 99 A closed contact of the Day Night Photo Switch corresponds to darkness that is nighttime NOTE The cabl...

Page 69: ... stop bit and no parity 2 Turn on the AC mains switch of the interface unit FSI102 If the backup battery option is installed also turn on the battery switch Refer to Figure 37 below 1303 068 Figure 37 Switching on Unit The following numbers refer to Figure 37 above 1 AC mains switch 2 Battery switch 3 Check that the red Reset LED on the interface unit CPU board is lit for a few seconds after which...

Page 70: ...ils of the communication can be configured into the FS11P software Suitable communication settings depend on the implementation of the entire system By default the sensor transmits a new ASCII data message through the data port in RS 232 mode every 15 seconds The user can change the interval and message type The sensor can also be used in a polled mode in which a data message is only sent when the...

Page 71: ...t with the SET command Other commands can be used to display system status and other maintenance data All commands can be given either through the Maintenance line or the Data line Commands given through the Maintenance line do not interfere with the Data line visibility message sending FS11P Commands NOTE All command parameters must be separated from each other by a space character and every comm...

Page 72: ...ther possible sensors on the line Type OPEN FS If there are other sensors on the line with the same ID the command mode of the FS11P sensor can be opened by including the device type FS with the ID This command is similar to the OPEN ID command with the exception that it only opens the FS11P command mode and not the other sensors on the line with the same ID For example if a single character ID is...

Page 73: ...ription CLOSE Releases the port for message transmission ECHO ON Enables input character echo default ECHO OFF Disables input character echo Set off when operating with the RS 485 connection MESSAGE message_number If the message number is not specified FS11P displays the default message without transmission frames MESSAGE ALL FS11P displays all messages HELP command HELP command alone lists availa...

Page 74: ... baud rate to 300 19200 Verification yes no asked only if the command is given by DATA PORT default 9600 SET DATA_PORT MODE RS 232 NO_FLOW_CNTR yes no Uses the RS 232 serial line where no flow control is used Verification yes no asked only if the command is given by DATA PORT default SET DATA_PORT MODE RS 232 HW_FLOW_CNTR yes no Uses the RS 232 serial line where the control signals RTS and CTS lin...

Page 75: ...1 fixed SET PORT_TIMEOUT number Sets the command mode timeout to 0 30 in minutes Zero disables the timeout and the default is 10 min SET TERMINAL_LINES number Adjusts printouts used for terminal screen Minimum 5 lines default 24 MEAS_SYNC Resets the measurement sequence The following data message is measured starting from the moment all average values are erased Next message is transmitted in inte...

Page 76: ...cond Message The data message message frames and polling format are the same as they are in Vaisala MITRAS Transmissometer SET MESSAGE SECOND TYPE MITRAS_DB Selects the MITRAS Double Base emulation mode for the Second Message The data message message frames and polling format are the same as they are in Vaisala MITRAS Transmissometer SET MESSAGE SECOND TYPE FD12MSG2 Selects the FD12 message 2 emul...

Page 77: ...Disables Background Luminance Sensor data polling and photo switch reading the in FS11P system default SET VIS_SENSOR ON Enables Visibility Sensor data polling in the FS11P system default SET VIS_SENSOR OFF Disables Visibility Sensor data polling in the FS11P system SET PWD ON Enables Present Weather Detector data polling in the FS11P system default SET PWD OFF Disables Present Weather Detector da...

Page 78: ...202 board default SET DEFAULTS yes no Restores the default factory settings verification yes no asked Command Completion The operator only needs to remember a few first letters of the command and the system can automatically identify the command and its parameters This can be done if the letters the user inputs can unambiguously determine the command or parameter If the command cannot be unambiguo...

Page 79: ...lso the default value of the parameter Minimum number is 5 lines The value of this parameter has no effect on the message sending when the commands are given in the command polling format Command Polling All commands can also be executed without opening the command line This feature can be used in the host system for example for making automatic status message inquiries of active Warnings or Alarm...

Page 80: ...ethod see section CRC16 Checksum on page 222 For example command FSA DO STATUS 036B prints the status messages in frames equal to message 3 whereas command FSA DO MEAS_SYNC 44DA resets the measurement sequence Command FSA DO NAME 28D4 displays the device type device name given by the user and ID Command FSA DO SYSTEM 6EEE lists system information such as type ID software version hardware modules a...

Page 81: ...aisala MITRAS Transmissometer Single or Double Baseline FD12 Visibility Meter and FD12P Weather Detector Refer to sections FD12 Emulation on page 89 and MITRAS Emulation on page 91 to see what message types can be emulated The FS11P sensor also accepts MITRAS and FD12 type polling by the RVR computer when the emulation is on MESSAGE Command The MESSAGE command is used for displaying messages The c...

Page 82: ...ier if the ID is not defined it is replaced by a space character Start of the text ASCII 2 EXT 0 85 Extinction coefficient identifier and extinction coefficient value unit km 1 1 min average AL 0 Alarm status of the visibility sensor ALS 8746 Background luminance identifier and BL value unit foot lambert A foot lambert equals 1 π candela per square foot or 3 426 cd m2 AL 0 Alarm status of the back...

Page 83: ...ed Transmitter LED aging Backup battery voltage low E Error visibility measurement value NOT shown replaced with Sensor missing Memory error A Alarm visibility measurement value NOT shown replaced with Communication error in the sensor Internal monitoring alarm value exceeded Measurement signal saturated or outside valid range Surface temperature measurement has failed I Indication of some abnorma...

Page 84: ...0 Background luminance identifier and BL value unit cd m 2 AL 0 Alarm status of the background luminance sensor End of the text ASCII 3 CSUM Checksum CRC16 End of the transmission ASCII 4 CR LF ASCII 13 ASCII 10 The total amount of characters in the message is 41 The transmission times are 1 4 s at 300 bps 10 bit char 0 17 s at 2400 bps 0 042 s at 9600 bps For a list of alarm status code explanati...

Page 85: ... E the LM21 sensor could be missing or there could be an EEPROM memory error in LM21 MESSAGE 3 Status Message The status message contains the results of the built in tests These numerical internal monitoring measurement values can be requested with the STATUS command The short status check message which contains a short clear language report of the system status can be requested with the command S...

Page 86: ... 20 3 Hood TX 21 0 Voltages 12V 11 4 12V 11 3 VB 12 5 VR 6 7 Heater status Hood TX OFF hood RX OFF dew OFF Interface unit OK Temperatures unit C CPU 27 1 external Humidity Voltages 12V 12 1 12Vout 0 0 PVin 23 8 V5I OFF Background luminance sensor OK Window cont 10 Contamination compensation ON Backscatter 0 CPU 26 2 hood 24 6 Heater status hood OFF dew OFF V5iso ON PWD STATUS VAISALA PWD32 V 1 08 ...

Page 87: ... the text MESSAGE BODY End of the text CSUM Checksum CRC16 End of the transmission CR LF For an explanation of the parameters within the message body see section FS11P Status Messages on page 154 For a list of alarm status code explanations see Table 11 on page 81 The count of characters in the message is variable and depends on the configuration and status of the FS11P system The total amount can...

Page 88: ... it is replaced by a space character Start of the text VIS 02100 Visibility identifier and MOR value unit meter SI unit 1 min average VUC 02100 Uncompensated visibility identifier and MOR value VIS3M 02000 Visibility identifier and MOR value 3 min average VIS10M 01900 Visibility identifier and MOR value 10 min average AL 0 Alarm status of the visibility sensor BL 01050 Background luminance identif...

Page 89: ...0 BL 00100 AL 0 CSUM where Start of the heading FS FS11P sensor identifier A First character of the unit identifier if the ID is not defined it is replaced by a space character Start of the text VIS 02000 AL 0 Visibility identifier and MOR value unit meter 1 min average and alarm status related to visibility value BL 00100 AL 0 Background luminance identifier and BL value unit cd m 2 and alarm sta...

Page 90: ...status 02000000 Status of FSI102 interface unit VIS1 Identifying string for 1 minute average MOR 75000 1 minute average MOR in meter as provided by the FSM102 VIS10 Identifying string for 10 minute average MOR 75000 10 minute average MOR in meter VAL Identifying string for FSM102 alarm status 00000000000000 Status of the FSM102 VCF Identifying string for the FSM102 window dirt contamination correc...

Page 91: ...ows FD id message_number The parameter message_number refers to the FD message number FD12 Message 2 The FD12 message 2 emulation mode is selected with the command SET MESSAGE TYPE FD12MSG2 The message format of the emulated Vaisala FD12 message number 2 is presented below FD A 00 1810 1353 _____reserved for options ________reserved for options _________reserved _________visibility 10 min average ...

Page 92: ...isibility ten minute average max 75000 m visibility one minute average max 75000 m 1 hardware error 2 hardware warning data status 0 normal FD12 alarm limits not supported RA instant METAR weather codes RERA recent METAR weather RE criteria used The total amount of characters in the message is 74 The transmission times are 2 5 s at 300 bps 10 bit char 0 31 s at 2400 bps 0 08 s at 9600 bps Message ...

Page 93: ... below ID 1 V 4550 B S0101 ___receiver 1 status ___transmitter status ____S status heading background luminance value ___B background luminance heading _____ visibility m 1 min average ________V visibility heading ________unit ID one character only _________ID start indicator The total amount of characters in the message is 33 The transmission times are 1 3 s at 300 bps 10 bit char 0 17 s at 2400 ...

Page 94: ...set as the background luminance sensor MITRAS Double Baseline The MITRAS Double Baseline emulation mode is selected with the command SET MESSAGE TYPE MITRAS_DB The emulated Vaisala MITRAS Transmissometer message is presented below ID 1 V 4550 B S010101 ___receiver 2 status ___receiver 1 status ___transmitter status ____S status heading background luminance value ___B background luminance heading _...

Page 95: ... BL sensor status ON OFF BIT 7 8 MEASUREM LOOP SIGNAL OFF Receiver 1 status correspondence between MITRAS and FS11P BIT MITRAS FS11P BIT 0 1 MEAS MODE ON IV BIT 1 2 CONT OTHER Any other FS11P alarm BIT 2 4 OPTICAL SURFACE OFF BIT 3 8 POWER SUPPLY OFF BIT 4 1 HEATING OFF III BIT 5 2 CALIBRATION Receiver saturated BIT 6 4 TEST OFF BIT 7 8 CONSISTENCY OFF Receiver 2 status correspondence between MITR...

Page 96: ...efer to section Message Formats on page 79 The format of the SET MESSAGE TYPE command is as follows SET MESSAGE TYPE Message_number The following command selects message 2 as the default automatic message SET MESSAGE TYPE 2 The automatic message interval is selected with the command SET MESSAGE INTERVAL The message interval is given in seconds An interval of zero which disables the automatic sendi...

Page 97: ...sage the FS11P system expects an ACK NAK confirmation within 500 ms If FS11P receives an ACK character ASCII 06 within 500 ms message sending will continue as configured by the SET MESSAGE INTERVAL command If FS11P receives a NAK character ASCII 16 within 500 ms message sending will be repeated immediately If FS11P receives neither an ACK character nor a NAK character within 500 ms message sending...

Page 98: ...characters if the message number is omitted the sensor answers with the default message selected with the SET MESSAGE TYPE command CR ASCII 13 Examples of polling commands FS If only one FS11P unit is on the line no ID is necessary FSA0 3 The FS11P unit A ID A is polled for message number 03 status message This is used when several devices are on the same line The FS11P sensor does not echo the po...

Page 99: ...he same as for the standard message No individual message interval can be set for the second message The second message is always transmitted after the standard message has been transmitted If the automatic mode is disabled and the Polled Mode is configured instead the second message is transmitted whenever a standard message has been requested The second message cannot be polled individually or s...

Page 100: ... page 171 The current system parameters can be displayed by using the PARAMETERS command The output is as follows PARAMETERS FS11P parameter values identifier name command terminal lines 24 timeout 10 message type 2 interval 15 port data frame on simulation off 2nd port none 2nd type 0 ACK NAK off data port speed 9600 mode rs 232 data format 8n1 maintenance port speed 9600 system modem off vis sen...

Page 101: ...nsor On Hood_heaters visibility_sensor On Hood_heaters bl_sensor On Dew_heaters visibility_sensor On Dew_heaters bl_sensor On Message_frame On 12VOUT Off Optional External Sensors LM21 Background Luminance Sensor The configuration command SET BL_SENSOR LM21 is used to add the LM21 sensor output into the FS11P system and the data messages With this command the interface unit CPU starts polling the ...

Page 102: ...is a predefined fixed test message for each message type If a fixed test message is selected one of the messages in the following section is transmitted depending on the message type selection The data values in the messages are as shown in the following section The frames of the messages are not fixed but depend on the current configuration When changing the predefined fixed test message type fir...

Page 103: ...al Simulation Message The user can define the entire content of the message body which is the string between the start of the text character and the end of the text character The message string must be given after the SIMULATE MANUAL_MESSAGE command in the following way SIMULATE MANUAL_MESSAGE string The FS11P sensor does not make any validity checks to the message body content which means that th...

Page 104: ...low and its communication line is released closed to enable use by the host processor FSC202 This enables the operation of the PWD32 as part of an FS11P CAUTION Table 13 below lists the default settings given to PWD32 Default settings must be preserved to enable using PWD32 as part of FS11P Do not change these settings Table 13 Default Settings for PWD32 in FS11P Use Parameter Default Setting Mess...

Page 105: ...Transmission RS 232 For the RS 232 communication the Vaisala standard maintenance terminal cable QMZ101 connects the PWD32 signal wires to a standard PC Laptop RS 232 interface sub D9 connector RS 232 TxD to PC sub D 3 9 RS 232 RxD to PC sub D 2 9 GND to PC sub D 5 9 Vaisala recommendation for the maximum length of the RS 232 cable is 50 m Usually the RS 232 connection can be used with distances u...

Page 106: ... For use as an FS11P component after eventual troubleshooting the default settings have to be restored The commands for changing the default settings are listed in Table 14 below For details on the commands refer to section List of Commands on page 111 Table 14 Commands for Changing Default Settings Operation Command Baud rate selection BAUD Polled or automatic mode message type setting AMES Senso...

Page 107: ...ort procedure whereby the PWD32 operation can be verified 1 Connect a terminal via RS 232 maintenance terminal line to the sensor 2 Set the terminal baud rate to 9600 bps and the data frame to contain 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity 3 Switch the power supply on 4 After startup the PWD32 output is the following where x xx is the firmware version and revision in use VAISALA PWD32 V x xx YYYY MM DD ...

Page 108: ...f no device identifier ID is defined then type the following OPEN If the ID is defined for example as 0 type the following OPEN 0 If the ID is defined but forgotten type the following OPEN If there are two or more different sensors connected to the same RS 485 line and if the sensors have the same ID PWD32 can be opened by typing the following command OPEN PWD id number PWD32 answers as follows LI...

Page 109: ...If the ID is not defined characters space and 1 are shown Start of text ASCII 2 non printable character message body End of text ASCII 3 non printable character CR LF ASCII 13 ASCII 10 Message 3 Message 3 is the same as the status message obtained by the STA command See status message description in section Maintenance Commands on page 120 Message 7 Message 7 is meant for aviation specific purpose...

Page 110: ...67890123456789012345678901234567 Message 7 consists of three lines METAR present weather codes are output on the second and third lines These lines are not of fixed length because METAR codes can be combined in many ways The METAR codes may also be left out but the lines of the message are always terminated by a carriage return and line feed characters Message Polling In the polled CLOSED mode PWD...

Page 111: ...nd format is the following PW 0 7 PWD32 does not echo the polling character string The answer message format is the following PW id text The ID has a two character field because it can be two characters long An example of the polled and automatic message 0 format is the following PW 1 00 500 700 PWD32 waits about 100 ms before it transmits the polled message to give the host time to turn the RS 48...

Page 112: ...can be done by the host with the following command PW id C C R where ESC ASCII character 1B hex C R Carriage Return 13 hex PWD32 then responds to the accepted command with the ASCII character F ACK 06 hex The host computer can also maintain its own sum calculated from the continuous PWD32 data This may be safer if the PWD32 power breaks often and resets the sums before the scheduled time The water...

Page 113: ...LRS Clears precipitation sums STA Displays status PAR Parameter message HIST Parameter For Vaisala systems use INTV Time For Vaisala systems use TIME hh mm ss Set Display system time DATE yyyy mm dd Set Display system date WPAR Weather parameter message CHEC Displays calibrator test signal ZERO Displays zero and noise test status CAL Calibrator_frequency Calibration CONF Password Updates configura...

Page 114: ...ge 107 for message type descriptions The command format is the following MES Message_number The valid range is 0 7 For example when choosing the data message number 0 type the following MES 0 AMES The AMES command defines the message which PWD32 transmits as the automatic message or as the default polled message Refer to section Message Sending Modes on page 94 Weather Related Commands The followi...

Page 115: ...RD SCALE 1 0 DRD DRY OFFSET 809 5 DRD WET SCALE 0 0017 SYNOP HAZE LIMIT 10000 METAR HAZE LIMIT 5000 WSET The WSET command is used to modify the present weather analysis parameters The WSET command asks for one parameter at a time showing the parameter name and the current setting The current value is accepted by pressing ENTER A new value can be given by typing the value before pressing ENTER The ...

Page 116: ...ce the optimal value depends on the optical optoelectronic and electronic parameters in a very complex way no practical factory calibration method has been developed yet Heavy rain limit The minimum rain intensity mm h when the intensity is reported as heavy Light rain limit The maximum rain intensity mm h when the intensity is reported as light If rain intensity is between the above heavy and lig...

Page 117: ...EF_AMOUNT PWD_AMOUNT where OLDSCALE The old value of rain intensity scale REF_AMOUNT The amount measured with the reference rain gauge PWD_AMOUNT The corresponding amount measured by PWD32 CLRS The CLRS command resets the precipitation accumulations to 0 00 and 000 This can be done by the host with the following command PW id C C R where ESC ASCII character 1B hex C R ASCII character 13 hex System...

Page 118: ...HEATERS USED CONF With the CONF command PWD32 asks the system parameters one by one showing the current value in most cases as the default The old settings are not changed if users simply press ENTER as the answer The CONF configuration command is used to set or update system parameters and adjust certain calibrations reference values and limits Password protection can be used to limit the use of ...

Page 119: ...w password Press ENTER to remove the password Otherwise type a new password The system response to the CONF command is presented below CONF PASSWORD 4 CHARS MAX UPDATE CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS UNIT ID 2 CHAR 0 UPDATED SET REFERENCE PARAMETERS OFFSET 156 47 Y OFFSET REFERENCE UPDATED TRANSMITTER CONTAMINATION LIMITS WARNING LIMIT 0 5 ALARM LIMIT 3 0 RECEIVER CONTAMINATION LIMITS WARNING LIMIT 300 A...

Page 120: ...rrently measured offset value not a parameter is shown in brackets OFFSET 136 86 Y OFFSET REFERENCE UPDATED After receiving the Y answer the system accepts the offset frequency to be the reference parameter for hardware monitoring The parameter value is further compared with the current value to detect drift or other failure in the optical signal measurement electronics The Alarm limits function o...

Page 121: ...ory installed and may be used or disabled in the CONF session All the PWD32 heaters are switched ON below 2 C and OFF at 5 C When using hood heaters separate 24 V heating power must be supplied Hood heating power is 30 W for each hood BAUD The baud rate and communication type can be changed by the following operator command BAUD value communication_type Baud rates 300 1200 2400 4800 9600 Communica...

Page 122: ...RAINCAP wet scale TCAL Sets the TS temperature ambient HEAT Pulls hood heater relays on STA The STA command or MES 3 command displays the results from the built in test system as a status message The system output is the following PWD STATUS VAISALA PWD32 V 1 08 2010 04 26 SN F1630103 ID STRING 0 SIGNAL 0 49 OFFSET 147 46 DRIFT 0 55 REC BACKSCATTER 1113 CHANGE 1 TR BACKSCATTER 1 9 CHANGE 0 1 LEDI ...

Page 123: ... signal in receiver backscatter measurement Data RAM Error Error in RAM read write check EEPROM Error EEPROM checksum error TS Sensor Error Measurement is out of limits DRD Error RAINCAP signal is close to zero Table 18 Warnings Warning Description Backscatter Increased Receiver or transmitter contamination signal has increased above the WARNING limit selected in the configuration Transmitter Inte...

Page 124: ...ike calibration CLEAN The CLEAN command has no parameters and it is used to set the clean references for contamination control This command is given during maintenance procedures after cleaning of the lenses or after replacement of the transmitter or receiver electronics Give the following command CLEAN The PWD32 output is the following CLEAN REFERENCES TRANSMITTER 12 0 RECEIVER 1402 UPDATED ZERO ...

Page 125: ...l only be paused In the beginning the four location buffer which is used to calculate the average is filled with the first value When the calibrator is installed the value displayed in the message should be the same as printed on the calibrator glass plate Give the following command CHEC The output is the following SCALED FREQUENCY AVE 1 MIN 499 9938 499 9880 DRY ON and WET The DRY ON and WET comm...

Page 126: ...e parameter The RAINCAP measuring surfaces must be coated with a wet cloth or immersed in water for at least 30 seconds when the WET ON command is given Make sure the wet cloth touches only the RAINCAP sensor The wet scale normalizes the measured signal range DRY WET to 1 00 HEAT This test command can be used to test the heater control relays and the heating elements and power The following is an ...

Page 127: ...IME hh mm ss where hh Hours mm Minutes ss Seconds DATE The DATE command is used to display the current date To set a new system date type the following DATE yyyy mm dd where yyyy Year mm Month dd Day NOTE The time and date are only valid if restored manually after the power has been off RESET The RESET command makes a hardware reset by the watchdog circuitry VER The VER command shows the version o...

Page 128: ...M21 as part of an FS11P Serial Communication Settings In this FS11P application the default settings of the serial communications port are as follows 9600 baud No parity 8 data bits 1 stop bit Serial Transmission RS 232 For the RS 232 communication the Vaisala maintenance terminal cable QMZ103 connects the LM21 signal wires to a standard PC Laptop RS 232 interface sub D9 connector RS 232 TxD to PC...

Page 129: ...ned but forgotten type OPEN If the device type LM is included in the OPEN command an ID is not needed This command is similar to the OPEN command type OPEN LM If an ID is defined for example as A type OPEN LM A The LM21 answers LM21 line opened for operator commands If no input is given within 10 minutes LM21 closes the line automatically The timeout time is user selectable If LM21 receives an OPE...

Page 130: ... disables the automatic sending SET MESSAGE PORT DATA Message is directed to the Data port default SET MESSAGE PORT MAINTENANCE Message is directed to the Maintenance port SET UNIT_ID id Sets unit identifier an alphanumerical character for message and polling identification A character removes the ID By default no ID is set and space character is used in the message headings SET NAME name Sets nam...

Page 131: ...RAME ON Message frames included in data message transmission default SET MESSAGE FRAME OFF Message frames not included in data messages SET CONTAMINATION_COMPENSATION ON Enables measurement value compensation caused by window contamination default SET CONTAMINATION_COMPENSATION OFF Disables the compensation function SET HOOD_HEATERS ON Enables the monitoring and automatic operation of the hood hea...

Page 132: ...ground luminance and window contamination calibrations The CALIBRATE command is available only at the advanced level For calibration instructions refer to the LM21 User s Guide The current LM21 system parameters can be displayed by using the PARAMETERS command The output is as follows PARAMETERS LM21 parameter values identifier name command terminal lines 24 timeout 10 message type 7 interval 0 po...

Page 133: ...mpensation On Hood_heaters On Dew_heaters On Message_frame 1 FSI type LM21 Standard Initialization In order to put the LM21 into a proper operational state the Interface Unit transmits an initialization request command This triggers a set of communication settings to accommodate the communication with the Interface Unit Interface Unit LM21 Initialization Request SOH LM STX DOfsisetup ETX 8395 EOT ...

Page 134: ...User s Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 132 __________________________________________________________________ M211107EN C This page intentionally left blank ...

Page 135: ... controller board and the optional backup battery plus battery charger The FSM102 transmitter sends continuous infrared light pulses which the lens focuses into a narrow beam The receiver lens collects the scattered light on the PIN photodiode for detection The detected light level is converted and sampled and sent to the measurement CPU for calculations The Precipitation Identifier PWD32 measures...

Page 136: ...er s Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 134 __________________________________________________________________ M211107EN C 1001 137 Figure 38 FS11P Block Diagram ...

Page 137: ...e described in detail in the next sections Transmitter Unit FST102 The transmitter unit consists of an infrared LED control and triggering circuits a LED intensity stabilizer a backscatter receiver and window contamination measurement circuitry The transmitter unit electronics cause the infrared LED to pulse at a frequency of 2 2 kHz A PIN photodiode monitors the transmitted light intensity and au...

Page 138: ... Diagram A pulse signal from the FSR102 Receiver synchronizes the infrared LED timing with the lock in amplifier of the receiver An additional photodiode measures the light scattered back from the lens other objects or contaminants The window contamination measurement principle is based on the change of the total reflection of the light beam on the window surface The principle is shown in Figure 4...

Page 139: ...heating element In cold environments the heating circuitry warms up the LED to its proper operating temperature to keep the LED emission cone and wavelength stable Receiver Unit FSR102 The Receiver unit consists of a light receiver detector a low noise preamplifier high pass HP and band pass BP filters two A D converters a backscatter measurement light source LED window contamination measurement c...

Page 140: ...ode nor saturates the preamplifier The DC level is monitored for detecting eventual saturation caused by the ambient light Two infrared LEDs are provided for the backscatter and contamination measurement The light level is sampled and converted using the same method of detection described with the scattering signal measurement The window contamination measurement principle is based on the change o...

Page 141: ...og circuit monitors both the 5 V level and the system operation creating a hardware reset when necessary The Controller board further includes an accurate 20 bit A D converter for Pt100 temperature measurement There are two separate sets of heaters in both the FSM102 Visibility Measurement Unit and PWD32 Precipitation Identifier Hood heaters in the outside hoods of the optics heads and dew heaters...

Page 142: ..._____________________________________ 140 __________________________________________________________________ M211107EN C Precipitation Identifier PWD32 Operating principles of PWD32 are shown in Figure 42 below 1002 064 Figure 42 PWD32 Block Diagram ...

Page 143: ...ation intensities The signal levels from even the smallest precipitation droplets can also be detected Transmitter Unit PWT11 The transmitter unit consists of an infrared LED control and triggering circuits LED intensity monitor and backscatter receiver The transmitter unit electronics pulses the IR LED at a frequency of 2 kHz A PIN photodiode monitors the transmitted light intensity The transmitt...

Page 144: ...nal to the ambient light is lead to the CPU for monitoring Additional Measurements PWD32 includes the RAINCAP for estimating the water content of precipitation and the TS Temperature Sensor for measuring the sensor cross arm temperature TS Both additional sensors are measured and interfaced by the PWC12 board The RAINCAP temperature TDRD is measured for the RAINCAP heating drying control and the b...

Page 145: ...as rain can be eliminated Interface Unit FSI102 The interface unit consists of the AC mains power supply FSP103 transformer switch the communication controller board FSC202 and the optional battery backup FSB101 The power required for the measurement unit and the power for the heating of the optics heads hoods is supplied by the interface unit There is also an interface connection for optional Bac...

Page 146: ...he raw nominal 24 VDC power line voltage is OK The three yellow LEDs indicate that the 28 VAC heater power line fuses are intact and output voltage is on for each output The transient protection circuitry has been tested to sustain 2 kV level transient surges generated according to the EN 61000 4 5 testing standards According to the test results these surges should not effect the operation of the ...

Page 147: ...rports around the world The mast manufacturer Exel has performed frangibility tests under the supervision of ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization Reports of these tests are available on special request The grounding cable inside the mast is connected to the mast with a fork type connector The connector will slide from its attachment screw in case of an impact to the mast The measurement ...

Page 148: ... for the command interpreter Alarm generation is based on information collected during measurements The actual alarm logic is handled by a message generator task Measuring Sequence The FS11P sensor measures visibility at 15 second intervals Fourteen seconds of this period is devoted to the signal measurement by firing the transmitter LED and sampling the receiver detector After that there is a 1 s...

Page 149: ...itation is based on measuring the optical signal peaks caused by precipitation droplets The peak amplitudes that are detected during 10 minutes are summed When the sum exceeds a threshold value the sensor will indicate precipitation The threshold value is a Precipitation limit parameter and it can be changed by the operator In addition to the optical detection the RAINCAP signal is used in lowest ...

Page 150: ...l intensity is reported as such When frozen precipitation is detected PWD32 multiplies the optical intensity with a scaling factor to get an estimate of the water equivalent intensity This scaling factor is calculated from the RAINCAP and optical intensities New intensity estimates are calculated every 15 seconds and averaged to get the 1 minute intensity value which is shown in the output message...

Page 151: ...re is below 0 C and between 0 C and 6 C the default is unknown P or 40 Snow Ratio Optical Intensity DRD Intensity Snow limit default 5 Rain Rain Freezing Rain Ice Pellets Rain and Snow or 1 8ºC 0ºC 6ºC Snow and Temperature TS 0403 104 Figure 45 Principle for Determining Precipitation Type Liquid Precipitation In liquid precipitation the optical and the RAINCAP intensities are near each other or th...

Page 152: ...ical RAINCAP must be larger than the Snow limit parameter and the cross arm surface temperature TS less than 6 C Mixed Precipitation PWD32 reports rain and snow WMO codes 67 and 68 or ice pellets WMO codes 74 75 and 76 when the intensity ratio is between 1 and Snow limit The intensity is determined by estimating the water equivalent intensity and using the rain intensity limits Ice Pellets Ice pel...

Page 153: ...cipitation Reduction in visibility is caused by moisture in the air HAZE SMOKE DUST or SAND 05 Lower than 1 km No precipitation Reduction in visibility is caused by dry particles in the air WMO has not clearly defined the upper visibility limit for mist reporting in SYNOP codes PWD32 uses the 10000 meter upper limit as this is the widely used limit by the Meteorological offices Fog Codes The fog t...

Page 154: ...e minus the first 20 minute visibility average is less than zero 0 and the difference is more than 30 of the new 20 minute visibility average Table 22 lists the limits used for METAR code reporting Table 23 WMO METAR Code Limits Code 10 Minute Visibility Average None Higher than 5 km MIST BR Higher than or equal to 1 km but lower than or equal to 5 km FOG FG Lower than 1 km Weather Classes The wea...

Page 155: ...ables 4680 and 4678 Precipitation type is also reported using the United States National Weather Service NWS abbreviations The complete list of WMO and NWS codes used in PWD32 is presented in Appendix A NWS and WMO Code Tables on page 223 NOTE Algorithm parameters mentioned above in italics are factory preprogrammed for giving the optimum detection result It is strongly advised that no adjustments...

Page 156: ... LEDs generate warnings If a critical hardware failure is detected the sensor indicates an alarm and the corresponding data is set as missing Built in tests include contamination monitoring signal monitoring hardware monitoring and memory tests The results of the monitoring are displayed in the status message FS11P Status Messages The status messages display the results of the built in test system...

Page 157: ...amination alarm Measurement Unit windows contaminated Clean windows immediately WinCon4 clogging alarm Measurement Unit windows are clogged Clean windows immediately CPU1 memory failure Measurement Unit CPU memory failure If the failure persists after power resets of the measurement unit the measurement unit has to be replaced CPU2 visibility sample sequence failed Measurement Unit receiver or CPU...

Page 158: ...fset drift failure Measurement Unit receiver CPU or internal cable failure RwinCon1 backscatter high Backscatter signal level increased due to some disturbance in the light path Measurement Unit receiver Clean windows immediately RwinCon2 backscatter measurement failure Backscatter measurement failure Measurement Unit receiver RwinCon4 total reflection measurement failure Total reflection measurem...

Page 159: ...vailable working on battery Battery voltage is low system will shut down soon CPU1 12V output disconnected A short circuit has been detected at the 12 V output The output has been shut down Check connected device for short circuit To bring the 12 V output back into operation the interface unit needs a reset CPU2 memory failure Interface unit CPU detected a memory failure If the failure persists af...

Page 160: ...und luminance sensor dew heater failure Misc2 Hood Heater Failure Background luminance sensor hood heater failure Misc4 CPU Memory Failure Background luminance sensor CPU memory failure If the failure persists after power resets of the background luminance sensor the background luminance sensor has to be replaced Misc8 Sensor Sensitivity Failure Background luminance sensor receiver failure WinMeas...

Page 161: ...30 SN Z43107 ID STRING 0 SIGNAL 165 51 OFFSET 153 90 DRIFT 8 10 REC BACKSCATTER 1814 CHANGE 219 TR BACKSCATTER 1 3 CHANGE 0 0 LEDI 5 6 AMBL 1 1 VBB 12 6 P12 11 5 M12 11 3 TS 19 9 FS TS 20 8 TB 20 TDRD 17 17 DRD 830 DRY 832 0 HARDWARE OK where FS11P System status System level status Measurement unit FSM102 status Receiver Window cont Reduction in window transmittance in Backscatter Signal level fro...

Page 162: ...tem on off heater current flowing Dew Dew heater automatic control system on off heater current flowing Interface unit FSI102 status Temperatures CPU FSC202 temperature External FSI102 ext temperature from HMP45D option Humidity FSI102 ext humidity from HMP45D option Voltages 12 V Regulated operating voltage for FSC202 12 Vout Regulated operating voltage for obstruction light and HMP45 PVin Supply...

Page 163: ...l circuitry is on it will automatically switch the heater on and off trying to keep the temperature within the acceptable range An asterisk in front of the heater status ON OFF indicates that the heater is currently heating Alarm Messages This section describes the different alarm message types of the FS11P sensor Table 27 Error Messages ERRORS Reasons SENSOR NOT RESPONDING Measurement unit FSM102...

Page 164: ...reased limited operation time left Table 30 Indication Messages INDICATIONS Reasons WORKING ON BATTERY AC mains off hood heaters not operational 12V OUTPUT DISCONNECTED 12 V output on the interface unit is disconnected due to a short circuit in the output line This has no effect on the measurement but warning lights or other options powered by this output will not work HOOD HEATER FAULT Hood heate...

Page 165: ...he contamination on the window The window contamination value of the status message indicates the reduction in transmittance of the window For example a contamination value of 10 means that the window transmittance has decreased 10 and it is now only 90 of the original value The total transmission of the optical path is calculated from the transmitter and receiver window transmittances A window co...

Page 166: ...on to the receiver The offset error of the receiver unit in FS11P is monitored regularly The CPU disables the transmitter unit and performs the normal scatter measurement procedure without transmitting light pulses In case the offset signal level is too high a SIGNAL OFFSET DRIFTED alarm message is given and the visibility data is set as missing The most probable reason for increased signal offset...

Page 167: ...formation of condensation on the optic surfaces They keep the receiver and transmitter temperature above the ambient temperature If the dew heater has been activated with the commands SET DEW_HEATER VISIBILITY_SENSOR ON or SET DEW_HEATER BL_SENSOR ON the automatic heater control system will turn on the heater when the outside temperature drops below 10 C The heater is automatically turned off when...

Page 168: ...the voltage can be returned to the 12 VOUT pin only by resetting the FSC202 board or by an advanced level command SET 12VOUT ON The isolated 5 VDC operating voltage for RS 485 V5I is switched on only when the selected communication method with the unit is RS 485 the command SET DATA_PORT MODE RS 485 is given Analog Interfaces The validity of the measured values is determined in the following way T...

Page 169: ...02 The status LED of FSC102 is located inside the round center cover of FSM102 which has to be removed to gain access to the LED If the green status LED is flashing once there is an indication status on the board If the green status LED is flashing twice there is a warning status on the board If the green status LED is flashing three times there is an alarm status on the board and finally if the g...

Page 170: ...e by the sensor itself For information about the monitored parameters refer to the PWD22 User s Guide see section Related Manuals on page 11 Error Log All indications warnings alarms and errors resulting from internal monitoring are stored in the error log for maintenance purposes The error log contents can be read with the advanced level command ELOG Example of an error log 1 elog Visibility sens...

Page 171: ... in the status message The cleaning is done as follows 1 Wipe the windows with a soft lint free cloth and isopropyl alcohol Be careful not to scratch the window surfaces The windows should dry up rapidly to indicate that the window heating is functioning Use a flashlight to look into the hoods to verify visually that the window is clean 2 Check that the assembly of the hoods and optics is free of ...

Page 172: ...BRATE WINDOW_CLEAN VISIBILITY_SENSOR This command has no parameters and it is used to set the clean references for the contamination control The command also sets the reference for the backscatter measurement NOTE The windows must be dry before giving the CALIBRATE WINDOW_CLEAN VISIBILITY_SENSOR command NOTE There must not be any objects in the measurement volume when the CALIBRATE WINDOW_CLEAN VI...

Page 173: ...e 107 Number 3 backscatter warning indicates that the contamination level has increased and cleaning must be performed in the near future The measurement values are still reliable and shown in the data message Number 4 backscatter alarm indicates that the contamination level is too high and cleaning must be done at once The measurement values are not shown in the data message The complete cleaning...

Page 174: ...uit boards are not replaced or there are no warnings or alarms The circuit boards need no hardware calibration A calibration check should be made every year with the FSA11 and PWA11 calibration kits If the checks show less than 3 change no recalibration is recommended because the change is within the repeatability range of the calibration procedure Recalibration is needed if any of the receiver mo...

Page 175: ...d calibration clean the windows and check the condition of the calibrator glass plates cleaning them also if needed NOTE Avoid scratching the glass plates since scratches will have a negative affect on the results of the calibration FSM102 Calibration Check Procedure The calibration check procedure is performed as follows 1 Clean the windows following the instructions in section Cleaning FSM102 Wi...

Page 176: ... the seating surface 3 in Figure 48 below of the calibrator assembly on the measurement unit 7 Install the calibrator assembly on the measurement unit as shown in Figure 48 below 8 Move away from the optical path 9 Give the CALIBRATE CHECK command The command takes about 90 seconds to complete 10 The value produced by the check command must be close to the value printed on the scattering plates If...

Page 177: ... When command execution has finished FS11P responds DONE and calculates a new scaling factor and stores it in the non volatile FLASH memory 4 Leave the opaque glass plates in place and continue with section FSM102 Mechanical Alignment Check Procedure below to discover if the calibration check failed due to a mechanical misalignment FSM102 Mechanical Alignment Check Procedure The mechanical alignme...

Page 178: ...ommand takes about 90 seconds to complete 5 If the value produced by the check command is more than 85 of the value recorded without the mask plates the mechanical alignment is correct If this is not the case check the FS11P sensor and the calibrator for electronic or mechanical faults Also consult your local Vaisala representative 6 Disassemble the calibrator and store it into the supplied carryi...

Page 179: ...If any of the tests fails it can be repeated up to two times If any of the tests finally fails the visibility calibration of the measurement unit is reported as invalid and the data values are invalidated Once the Guided Calibration Procedure has started it has to be completed either as passing or as failing The procedure cannot be aborted or suspended At the end of the Guided Calibration Procedur...

Page 180: ...e finished Calibration PASSED Zero test ok 0 0000 limit absolute 0 0001 Signal test ok 0 1259 limits recalibration 0 0300 rejection 0 2000 Remove calibrator assembly and type YES YES 1 9 Remove the zero plugs from the measurement unit transmitter and receiver 10 Install the calibrator assembly on the measurement unit as shown in Figure 48 on page 174 The assembly is attached to the measurement uni...

Page 181: ...Test is finalized a test result summary and a passed fail indication for the Scatter Signal Test is given Step 3 3 Remove zero plugs install glass plates and enter signal value between 0 and 10 1 3497 Is signal value 1 349700 correct Type YES or NO YES 1st run Signal test PASSED 1 3514 Calibration procedure finished Calibration PASSED Zero test ok 0 0000 limit absolute 0 0001 Signal test ok 0 1259...

Page 182: ...nd type YES YES 1st run Zero signal test PASSED 0 0000 Step 3 3 Remove zero plugs install glass plates and enter signal value between 0 and 10 1 3497 Is signal value 1 349700 correct Type YES or NO YES 1st run Signal test PASSED 1 3514 Zero Value Test and Scatter Signal Test are passed successfully Calibration procedure finished Calibration PASSED Zero test ok 0 0000 limit absolute 0 0001 Signal t...

Page 183: ...r signal value between 0 and 10 1 2147 Is signal value 1 214700 correct Type YES or NO YES 1st run Signal test PASSED 1 3533 Update calibration Type yes YES 2nd run Signal test PASSED 1 2147 The Scatter Signal Test results in an acceptable deviation of the Scatter Signal Value The calibration is updated and a second Scatter Signal Test is performed successfully Calibration procedure finished Calib...

Page 184: ... YES YES 1st run Zero signal test PASSED 0 0000 Zero Signal Test is passed successfully Step 3 3 Remove zero plugs install glass plates and enter signal value between 0 and 10 8856 Is signal value 0 885600 correct Type YES or NO YES 1st run Signal test FAILED 1 3497 Signal change too large Verify that glass plates are in place Repeat the test Type YES YES 2nd run Signal test FAILED 1 3497 Signal c...

Page 185: ...to a too high receiver signal with blocked transmitter and receiver Table 34 Guided Calibration Procedure Zero Test Failed 0 LEVEL 1 Operating level set to 1 1 CALIBRATE FS11 Step 1 3 Clean Windows and type YES YES Step 2 3 Install Zero Plugs and type YES YES 1st run Zero signal test FAILED 3 7833 Verify that zero plugs are in place Repeat the test Type YES YES 2nd run Zero signal test FAILED 3 78...

Page 186: ...meters Calibration is not recommended to be carried out in heavy rain or in bright sunshine Bright sunlight on the calibrator plates will increase noise in the scatter measurement and make the CHEC command output less stable However light rain does not matter PWD32 Calibration Check Procedure Clean the lenses following the instructions in section Cleaning Lenses and Hoods on page 171 before the ca...

Page 187: ...____________________________________________ 185 9 The signal value must be close to the one printed on the plates If the difference is less than 5 calibration is correct If not continue with the calibration procedure 10 Terminate the CHEC command by pressing the ESC key 0308 006 Figure 50 Assembling Opaque Glass Plates ...

Page 188: ...s it in the non volatile memory EEPROM 2 Type CHEC to verify that the new scaling factor is in use The displayed signal value should be equal to the calibrator signal value If the difference between the new scaling factor and the factory calibrated one is more than 20 the CAL command will be ignored Check PWD32 and the calibrator for hardware or mechanical errors Also consult Vaisala 3 If the opti...

Page 189: ...rough a transparent plastic shield covering the live circuits see Figure 51 on page 188 To replace the fuses proceed as follows CAUTION Make sure to turn the AC mains circuit breaker OFF before replacing the fuses 1 Switch off the AC mains circuit breaker 2 Remove the plastic protector shield from FSP103 3 Remove the broken fuse 4 Replace the fuse with a spare a 10 A for the FSM102 heater line and...

Page 190: ...___________________________________________________ M211107EN C 1207 025 Figure 51 Location of Fuses on FSP103 Board The following numbers refer to Figure 51 above 1 AC mains circuit breaker 2 DC power supply fuse T5A 3 PWD32 heater line fuse T5A 4 LM21 heater line fuse T5A 5 FSM102 heater line fuse M10A ...

Page 191: ...comes into question when there is reason to suspect that malfunction of FS11P is caused by faults in the optical units or the rain detector CAUTION The servicing of the equipment must be performed by qualified personnel only CAUTION The AC mains power switch and the optional battery backup switch must always be turned off before attempting any service actions described in this section NOTE When re...

Page 192: ...emove the four visibility sensor controller mounting screws Figure 52 Visibility Sensor Controller FSC102 6 Remove the FSC102 carefully from the central compartment and insert spare item Pay attention to the cable routing in order not to stress or damage any wires 7 Insert and tighten the four mounting screws 8 Re connect 5 pcs terminal plugs Pay attention to the correct order Start with terminal ...

Page 193: ...ailed test steps Proceed with trouble shooting and re install the original board in case this repair step was not successful 11 Close central compartment cover carefully after successful repair Pay attention to the placement of the compartment cover gasket ring Fix the four cover screws firmly and hand tight Figure 53 VS Bottom View Central Compartment Cover Screws Central Compartment Cover Screws...

Page 194: ...__________________________________________________ M211107EN C Replacing FSC202 1 Open the FSI102 interface unit shield number 1 in Figure 54 below and door 2 1207 013 Figure 54 FSI102 Interface Unit 2 Make sure that the power switch number 1 in Figure 55 on page 193 and the battery switch 2 are turned off ...

Page 195: ..._______________________________________ 193 1303 069 Figure 55 Power and Battery Switch Locations The following numbers refer to Figure 55 above 1 Power switch 2 Battery switch 3 Disconnect all connectors number 1 in Figure 56 below from the top of the FSC202 board 1303 070 Figure 56 FSC202 Connectors and Cover Plate Screws ...

Page 196: ...gle to pass the FSP103 card s edge 5 Open the two screws number 1 in Figure 57 below holding the FSC202 board in place and pull the board out carefully Disconnect the connectors 2 from the bottom part of the FSC202 board 1207 016 Figure 57 FSC202 Screws and Connectors 6 Assemble the new FSC202 board spare part for FS11P back in reverse order 7 Turn on the power and battery switches Configure the u...

Page 197: ..._______ 195 Replacing FSP103 WARNING High voltages are present in the screw terminals Switch off the main switch and battery switch shown in Figure 55 on page 193 1 Make sure that the power and battery switches are turned off see Figure 55 on page 193 2 Open the four screws number 1 in Figure 58 on page 196 holding the transparent cover plate and remove it ...

Page 198: ...____________ 196 __________________________________________________________________ M211107EN C 1305 056 Figure 58 FSP103 Parts The following numbers refer to Figure 58 above 1 Screws 2 Connectors 3 Wire set 4 Battery switch 5 Mains switch 6 Input wire set 7 Surge protector ...

Page 199: ...103SP spare part into place in reverse order 6 Install the surge protector number 7 to Figure 58 on page 196 7 Install the wiring to from the surge protector The input wire set number 6 in Figure 58 on page 196 is included in the FSP103 spare part 8 Use the old wire set previously connecting FSP103 and the mains switch to connect FSP103 and the surge protector as shown in Figure 58 on page 196 For...

Page 200: ...iver Module FSR102 1 Open central compartment cover of the visibility sensor see Figure 53 on page 191 2 Make sure that the AC mains power switch and the optional battery backup switch are switched off 3 Disconnect the control cable Use the special tool to unlock the connector See Figure 59 below Figure 59 Visibility Sensor Transmitter and Receiver Control Cables Transmitter Control Cable Receiver...

Page 201: ...ransmitter receiver head Remove end plug use wrench size 13 mm Figure 60 End Plug Removal Shown for Transmitter 5 Unlock transmitter receiver module Remove corresponding module retainer Figure 61 Module Retainer Removal Shown for Transmitter 6 Screw the opening tool Vaisala item DRW011133 into the rear plate of the transmitter receiver module as shown in Figure 63 on page 200 ...

Page 202: ...e connector is possible Pull the receiver transmitter module from the optics head while simultaneously feeding in the control cable Receiver Transmitter module is now pulled out to approximately 50 Figure 62 Pushing Control Cable into Optics Head 1207 026 Figure 63 Transmitter Resp Receiver Module Control Cable Disconnected The following numbers refer to Figure 63 above 1 Hood thermistor cable 2 C...

Page 203: ...s fed into the Visibility Sensor housing tube and the receiver transmitter module can be removed 11 Pull the receiver transmitter module carefully out of the Visibility Sensor housing head and disconnect the hood thermistor connector before final removal See item 1 Figure 63 on page 200 Use special tool to unlock the connector arresting mechanism 12 Ensure that the O Ring of the spare receiver FSR...

Page 204: ... possible 17 Remove the pulling wire and re connect the control cable connector to the receiver transmitter module Make sure that the connector is fixed in the locking mechanism and bend the control cable close to its connector carefully towards the Visibility Sensor housing tube end inside the head 18 Push the module carefully and entirely back into the optics head use the opening tool Check that...

Page 205: ...orque hand tight 22 Re connect the receiver transmitter control cable plug to the Visibility Sensor Controller FSC102 Make sure that the connector locking mechanism has arrested 23 Check repair success Repeat the failed test steps Proceed with troubleshooting in case this repair step was not successful 24 Close central compartment cover carefully after a successful repair operation Pay attention t...

Page 206: ...e wiring from the connectors inside FSI102 and remove the cable 5 Attach the new cable to the FSI102 and tighten the cable gland see Figure 29 on page 56 6 Connect the wires in their proper places For LM21 cable see Table 35 on page 205 For FSM102 cable see Table 36 on page 205 For PWD32 cable see Table 37 on page 205 7 Thread the cable and connect it to the sensor as described in Chapter 3 Instal...

Page 207: ...ted To Signal Name 7 Yellow FSC202 pin 9 VB 9 Green FSC202 pin 10 VB 4 Blue FSC202 pin 11 RS 485 5 Gray FSC202 pin 12 RS 485 8 Brown FSP103 X4 3 pin 10 28VAC Fused 10A 6 White FSP103 X4 4 pin 11 28VAC common Already connected in the cable Table 37 Wiring for PWD32 Cable Connector Pin Wire Color Connected To Signal Name 1 Red Connection strip lower 1 VB 2 Black Connection strip lower 2 VB 4 Brown C...

Page 208: ...four countersunk screws to remove the transmitter cover and the gasket 2 Disconnect the control cable connector 2 3 Loosen the set screw 3 to release the transmitter module 5 4 Pull the module out of the transmitter head by prying it from the back by a screwdriver 5 Loosen the nylon screw 6 and slide the transmitter board 4 off the module 5 See Figure 68 below 0308 007 Figure 68 Removing PWT11 The...

Page 209: ...2 Lightly grease the O ring 5 surface on the optics module with silicon grease 3 Press the optics assembly into the transmitter Be careful not to touch the lens Make sure that the module seats properly If not lead it to the sink by pointed pliers 4 Lock the module with a M4x4 set screw 5 Connect control cable 1 and make sure the cable gasket seats tight into its groove 6 Check that all the optical...

Page 210: ...______________________ M211107EN C Removing PWC12 1 Open the four box screws number 1 in Figure 69 below in the corners of the controller box See 0308 008 Figure 69 Opening Box Screws 2 Remove the PWC12 board by opening the five screws to replace the board with a spare part See Figure 70 below 0308 009 Figure 70 Removing PWC12 Board ...

Page 211: ...he control box 2 Unplug the rain sensor cables X6 and X7 3 Remove the two screws below RAINCAP 4 Remove RAINCAP by pulling it out of the control box 5 Reassemble in the reverse order Note that the flat cable marked with a stripe is connected to X6 6 Calibrate the new RAINCAP by giving the DRY ON command as described in section DRY ON and WET on page 123 0312 112 Figure 71 Removing Rain Sensor ...

Page 212: ...User s Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 210 __________________________________________________________________ M211107EN C This page intentionally left blank ...

Page 213: ...__________ 211 CHAPTER 7 TROUBLESHOOTING WARNING The equipment contains dangerous voltage of 230 115 100 VAC CAUTION The servicing of the equipment must be performed by qualified personnel only CAUTION The AC mains power switch and the optional battery backup switch must always be turned off before attempting any service actions described in this chapter ...

Page 214: ...e between FSI102 and the sensor If all the LEDs are off on the sensor board there is power failure Check the input power to the sensor unit MEMORY ERROR FLASH memory checksum error configuration not valid Clear all configuration parameter settings with the SET DEFAULTS command Reconfigure the needed parameter settings and give a reset If the error still exists there is a CPU board failure or a mem...

Page 215: ...it failure in the FSC202 board which needs to be replaced BACKSCATTER HIGH Backscatter signal level increased There is some disturbance in the light path Clean the windows and the hoods of the optics heads Remove the possible disturbance RECEIVER SATURATED Ambient light level too high on the receiver Caused by for example sunbeam reflections from a reflecting surface Turn the measurement unit in s...

Page 216: ...Warning Message Probable Cause Remedy WINDOW CONTAMINATED Window contamination increased contamination compensation still reliable Clean the windows following the instructions given in section Cleaning FSM102 Windows on page 169 In cold and windy environment when the hood heaters are not used the dew heater power cannot rise the temperature enough to prevent dew condensation which can generate a W...

Page 217: ...o restore power to the 12 VOUT pin HOOD HEATER FAULT Hood heater not operational Hood temperature has increased less than 2 C within the 5 minutes since the heater was turned on by the automatic heater control circuit If operated only by battery DC power set the hood heater OFF to prevent this indication Check that the yellow LED is lit on the interface unit power supply board FSP103 If it is not ...

Page 218: ...r is off or out of power Check that the power switch is on and the LEDs on the FSP103 power board are lit and the status LED on the interface unit is blinking If the AC mains switch is on but no LED is lit check the fuses on the FSP103 board and verify the presence of a line voltage Dots instead of data message when using Windows HyperTerminal Wrong font being used Select View and Font from the dr...

Page 219: ...ce the blown fuse on the FSP103 board as described in section PWD32 Forward Scatter Calibration on page 184 Status LED inside FSI102 is giving a fast flash instead of a long flash of 1 Hz There is an indication on the FSC202 board Check the content of the indication from the status message and follow the instructions above Status LED inside the FSI102 is giving two fast flashes instead of blinking...

Page 220: ...k vaisala com Provide at least the following supporting information Name and model of the product in question Serial number of the product Name and location of the installation site Name and contact information of a technically competent person who can provide further information on the problem Product Returns If the product must be returned for service see www vaisala com returns For contact info...

Page 221: ...fications Table 43 FS11P Operational Specifications Property Description Value Measurement range of MOR 5 75 000 m with 1 3 and 10 minute averaging Accuracy 10 range 5 10 000 m 20 range 10 000 75 000 m Scatter measurement accuracy 3 Measurement interval 15 seconds Optical Specifications Table 44 FS11P General Optical Specifications Property Description Value Operating principle Forward scatter mea...

Page 222: ... over 0 3 A W in the range of 550 1050 nm Reception lens diameter 24 mm Optical monitoring Optical path blockage measurement Window contamination measurement and compensation circuitry Photodiode DC saturation signal Electrical Specifications Table 47 FS11P Electrical Specifications Property Description Value AC mains power supply 100 115 230 VAC 10 50 60 Hz Power consumption 370 VA maximum 50 VA ...

Page 223: ...ged glass fiber mast Environmental Specifications Table 49 FS11P Environmental Specifications Property Description Value Operating temperature 40 65 C optional 55 65 C Operating humidity 0 100 Wind speed Up to 60 m s Sun orientation Direct and reflected sunlight into the light receiver must be avoided Electromagnetic Compatibility The FS11P sensor is CE compliant This compliance has been verified ...

Page 224: ...orithm written in the C programming language 16 bit type typedef unsigned short Word16 Calculate CRC 16 value as used in FS11P protocol Word16 crc16 const unsigned char buf int len Word16 crc int i j crc 0xffff for i 0 i len i crc buf i 8 for j 0 j 8 j Word16 xmask crc 0x8000 0x1021 0 crc 1 crc xmask return crc 0xffff The calculation of the checksum starts after the start of heading character and ...

Page 225: ...eans heavy rain Table 52 WMO SYNOP Codes Table 4680 WaWa Used by PWD32 SYNOP Codes Weather Types 00 Clear 04 Haze or smoke or dust in suspension in the air visibility equal to or greater than 1 km 05 Haze or smoke or dust in suspension in the air visibility less than 1 km 10 Mist Code figures 20 to 25 are used if precipitation or fog was observed during the preceding hour but not at the time of ob...

Page 226: ... 62 Rain moderate 63 Rain heavy 64 Rain freezing light 65 Rain freezing moderate 66 Rain freezing heavy 67 Rain or drizzle and snow light 68 Rain or drizzle and snow moderate or heavy 70 SNOW 71 Snow light 72 Snow moderate 73 Snow heavy 74 Ice pellets light 75 Ice pellets moderate 76 Ice pellets heavy 80 SHOWERS OR INTERMITTENT PRECIPITATION 81 Rain showers light 82 Rain showers moderate 83 Rain s...

Page 227: ...e 30 Power cable 53 Cabling Mains 54 CAL 111 120 121 122 184 Calculations 147 calibration 111 121 122 184 185 186 189 Calibration 172 Backscatter measurement 169 Check 173 175 General 172 Rain 114 Visibility 172 Window contamination measurement 169 calibration kit 184 Calibration kit 172 CHEC 111 120 123 184 185 Checksum 78 CLEAN 111 118 120 122 171 cleaning 122 171 Cleaning 169 173 213 214 Clear ...

Page 228: ... 135 FSP101 144 FSR101 137 FST101 Replacing unit 189 Functional description Interface unit FSI101 143 Measurement unit FSM102 135 Fuses 187 Location 188 G Grounding 28 Grounding and lightning Cable grounding instruction 56 Grounding and lightning protection 28 Frangible mast grounding 38 Grounding cable 28 H Hardware flow control 57 hardware monitoring 118 HEAT 120 124 Heater Dew 139 Hood 139 Stat...

Page 229: ...d concrete 33 PAR 111 115 116 Parameters Displaying of 130 Setting of 130 password 115 117 Photo switch 66 PIN photodiode 141 142 polling 106 108 109 118 Polling Message 96 Polling polled mode 96 Precipitation accumulation 114 115 precipitation sums 111 112 Precipitation type 114 PT100 139 144 PWA11 121 122 184 PWD32 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 112 114 115 116 119 122 126 141 142 143 148 1...

Page 230: ...er 121 135 189 Troubleshooting 211 V Vaisala 103 111 123 126 172 VER 125 Visibility 116 118 Visibility calibration check procedure 173 175 Visibility calibration procedure 175 W warnings 105 121 214 Watchdog 167 weather classes 152 weather code 107 150 WET 111 113 120 123 124 Window contamination Compensation 163 Measurement 163 Measurement principle 137 Wiring Day night photo switch 66 Modem 60 R...

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