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MAX-M10S - Integration manual

Figure 10

presents the required three-pin antenna supervisor circuit and subsequent sections

describe how to enable and monitor each feature.

Figure 10: MAX-M10S three-pin antenna supervisor

Table 15

presents a list of the external components required for implementing the three-pin antenna

supervisor design in

Figure 10

. Refer to

External components

for the recommended parts and

speciﬁcation.

Part

Description

C14

Filtering capacitor

DC infeed inductor

T1, T2

p-channel, n-channel MOSFET acting as a switch to control the antenna supply

Comparator (op-amp)

U7, U8

Open drain buﬀers to shift voltage levels

Passive pull-up to control T1

Current limiter in the event of a short circuit

Deﬁnes the threshold of the comparator

Table 15: Components in antenna supervisor

The threshold voltage (V_REF) of the comparator is deﬁned by R5 and R6. It can be calculated as:

V_REF = R6/(R6+R5)*V_ANT

UBX-20053088 - R03

2 Receiver functionality

Page 27 of 89

C1-Public

Summary of Contents for MAX-M10S

Page 1: ...ation manual Abstract This document describes the features and application of the u blox MAX M10S module an ultra low power standard precision GNSS receiver for high performance asset tracking applica...

Page 2: ...included in this document Copying reproduction or modi cation of this document or any part thereof is only permitted with the express written permission of u blox Disclosure to third parties is permit...

Page 3: ...eceiver reset 32 2 6 Security 33 2 6 1 Con guration locking 33 2 7 Power management 33 2 7 1 Continuous mode 33 2 7 2 Power save mode 34 2 7 3 Backup modes 40 2 8 Time 40 2 8 1 Receiver local time 40...

Page 4: ...1 4 Supply design examples 63 3 2 RF interference 64 3 2 1 In band interference 64 3 2 2 Out of band interference 64 3 2 3 Spectrum analyzer 65 3 3 RF front end 66 3 3 1 Internal LNA modes 66 3 3 2 O...

Page 5: ...2 Standard resistors 86 C 3 Inductors 86 C 4 Operational ampli er 86 C 5 Open drain bu ers 86 C 6 Antenna supervisor switch transistors 86 Related documents 87 Revision history 88 UBX 20053088 R03 Co...

Page 6: ...e dynamic position accuracy in non line of sight scenarios The extremely low power consumption of 25 mW in continuous tracking mode allows great power autonomy for all battery operated devices such as...

Page 7: ...more information 7 V_IO I IO voltage supply See V_IO for more information 8 VCC I Main voltage supply See VCC for more information 9 RESET_N I System reset active low It has to be low for at least 1...

Page 8: ...connected to VCC through a ferrite bead 15 VIO_SEL I Voltage selector for V_IO supply Connect to GND for 1 8 V supply or leave open for 3 3 V supply 16 SDA 2 I O I2C data If not used leave open Alter...

Page 9: ...ion interface settings are stored in a database consisting of separate con guration items An item is made up of a pair consisting of a key ID and a value Related items are grouped together and identi...

Page 10: ...ling CFG HW RF_LNA_MODE at RAM layer using the UBX CFG VALGET message 6 The OTP memory con guration is completed 2 1 1 3 GNSS signal con guration MAX M10S supports concurrent reception of four major G...

Page 11: ...same result is obtained if CFG RATE MEAS is set to 2000 ms and CFG RATE NAV is set to one 1 Every 2000 ms a measurement is done and in every measurement a navigation epoch is calculated However this...

Page 12: ...ve low default CFG HW ANT_CFG_PWRDOWN Power down antenna supply if short circuit is detected Requires CFG HW ANT_CFG_VOLTCTRL and CFG HW ANT_CFG_SHORTDET to be enabled CFG HW ANT_CFG_PWRDOWN_POL Power...

Page 13: ...greater vertical acceleration than a passenger car No 2D position xes supported Airborne 2g Recommended for typical airborne environments No 2D position xes supported Airborne 4g Only recommended for...

Page 14: ...able the altitude is kept constant at the last known value This is called a 2D x u blox receivers do not calculate any navigation solution with less than three satellites 2 1 2 3 Navigation output lte...

Page 15: ...ssage cog eld and NMEA VTG message cogt eld If the low speed course over ground lter is not con gured then the course over ground is computed as described in section Freezing the course over ground 2...

Page 16: ...MAX M10S Integration manual Figure 3 Position output in static hold mode Figure 4 Flowchart of static hold mode UBX 20053088 R03 2 Receiver functionality Page 16 of 89 C1 Public...

Page 17: ...erating conditions low signal strength that is signal attenuation indicates possible degradation due to multi path The receiver trusts such signals less in order to preserve the quality of the positio...

Page 18: ...curacy improvement is ionosphere correction The measured data from regional Ranging and Integrity Monitoring Stations RIMS are combined to make a Total Electron Content TEC map This map is transferred...

Page 19: ...position solution For an SBAS solution this reference frame will be aligned within a few cm of WGS84 and modern ITRF realizations 2 2 2 QZSS SLAS QZSS SLAS Sub meter Level Augmentation Service is an...

Page 20: ...n In MAX M10S several protocols can be enabled on a single interface the same time 2 3 1 UART The MAX M10S supports a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter UART port consisting of an RX and a TX...

Page 21: ...s additional external pull up resistors may be necessary The higher the speed and the capacitance load the lower the pull up resistor needs to be Most u blox receivers are con gured by default with th...

Page 22: ...c low for write access are clocked onto the bus by the master transmitter The receiver answers with an acknowledge logic low to indicate that it recognizes the address Next the 8 bit address of the re...

Page 23: ...If the master does not read data from the receiver for a certain timeout the receiver assumes that the communication is broken and stops the data stream preventing an over ow of the output bu er This...

Page 24: ...2C interface with the CFG I2C ENABLED con guration key if I2C pins are used for antenna supervisor functions 2 3 3 1 RESET_N MAX M10S provides a RESET_N pin to reset the receiver The RESET_N pin is an...

Page 25: ...nal instead of polling the interface Each interface has its own indicator signal that can be assigned to any PIO pin Each signal is associated to one interface and cannot be shared The polarity of the...

Page 26: ...ed by polling the related CFG HW_ANT_ con guration items The active antenna status can be determined by polling the UBX MON RF message or checking the NMEA notice messages If an antenna is connected t...

Page 27: ...cation Part Description C14 Filtering capacitor L3 DC infeed inductor T1 T2 p channel n channel MOSFET acting as a switch to control the antenna supply U6 Comparator op amp U7 U8 Open drain bu ers to...

Page 28: ...The antenna can be supplied by VCC_RF or an external supply Note that the supply voltage must be clean as any noise could directly couple into the RF part of the GNSS receiver which will a ect the ove...

Page 29: ...ANTSUPERV AC indicates that antenna control is activated 2 4 1 4 Antenna short detection ANT_SHORT_N Enable the antenna short detection by setting the con guration item CFG HW ANT_CFG_SHORTDET to true...

Page 30: ...nabled to be pulled low if a SHORT is detected Startup message at power up if the con guration is stored GNTXT 01 01 02 ANTSUPERV AC SD PDoS SR 3E GNTXT 01 01 02 ANTSTATUS INIT 3B GNTXT 01 01 02 ANTST...

Page 31: ...rawn from the active antenna OPEN Antenna is not detected That is little or no current is drawn from the active antenna OK Antenna is detected and no short is detected Table 17 Available antenna detec...

Page 32: ...a su cient number of satellites with valid ephemeris the receiver can calculate position and velocity data Other GNSS receiver manufacturers call this startup mode Factory startup Warm start In warm...

Page 33: ...ace to the host system There are functions to monitor detect certain security threads and report it to the host system Other functions try to mitigate the thread and allow the receiver to operate norm...

Page 34: ...the setting the receiver demonstrates di erent behavior In on o operation the receiver switches between phases of startup navigation and phases with low or almost no system activity backup sleep In c...

Page 35: ...mall number of extremely bad signals e g no sky view it will transition to the Inactive for search state after the timeout con gured in MAXACQTIME User con gurable mechanisms MINACQTIME is the minimum...

Page 36: ...after the con gured search period minus a start up margin Once the ONTIME is over the POT state is entered Setting the ONTIME to zero causes the receiver to enter the POT state as soon as possible In...

Page 37: ...NT pin is held high In PSMOO the receiver will therefore always be in the Acquisition or the Tracking state In PSMCT the receiver can in addition be in the POT state When EXTINT is set low the receive...

Page 38: ...iod For short update periods in the range of a few seconds cyclic tracking should be con gured For long update periods in the range of minutes or longer only use on o operation See section On O mode a...

Page 39: ...king state Take into account that enabling WAITTIMEFIX will delay the transition from the Acquisition state to the Tracking state by at least two extra seconds The quality of the position xes can also...

Page 40: ...M PMREQ The V_IO and VCC must be supplied however VCC supply is internally disabled to save power The V_IO supply maintains the BBR RTC and PIOs Entering the software standby mode clears the RAM memor...

Page 41: ...ins and output via the TIMEPULSE pin and the parameters reported in corresponding messages The CFG TP TIMEGRID_TP con guration item allows the user to choose between any of the supported GNSS GPS GLON...

Page 42: ...time base for its GNSS system time conversion to GPS time requires no work at all but conversion to UTC requires knowledge of the number of leap seconds since GPS time started and other minor correcti...

Page 43: ...the time validity can be con rmed by using an additional independent source meaning that the probability of the time to be correct is very high Note that information about time validity con rmation i...

Page 44: ...er appears directly overhead at 0 longitude at midday Occasionally a leap second is announced to bring UTC back into close alignment with the mean solar time Usually this means adding an extra second...

Page 45: ...VER con guration item The following example illustrates how this works Assume that the reference rollover week number set in the rmware at compile time is 2148 which corresponds to a week in calendar...

Page 46: ...eature providing clock pulses with con gurable duration and frequency The time pulse function can be con gured using the CFG TP con guration group The UBX TIM TP message provides time information for...

Page 47: ...applications it is recommended to calibrate the antenna cable delay against a reference timing source To get the best timing accuracy with the antenna a xed and accurate position is needed If relative...

Page 48: ...s set to use another setting in locked mode pulse length ratio Length or duty cycle of the generated pulse speci es either time or ratio for the pulse to be on o pulse length ratio lock Length or duty...

Page 49: ...ormance of the receiver restart Estimate of GNSS time can be maintained by a real time clock or it can be provided to the receiver by the host Estimate of the clock drift of the receiver local oscilla...

Page 50: ...e accurate frequency from satellite transmissions A stable external reference frequency can be used to speed up receiver testing in production test setup The host system may also be able to provide th...

Page 51: ...in one dimension for PL It is not speci ed as a horizontal 2D or 3D value The protection level values UBX NAV PL plPos1 2 3 are con dence intervals around the reported position for example UBX NAV PV...

Page 52: ...ese cases must be checked Only if the PL is set to valid UBX NAV PL plPosValid the PL values UBX NAV PL plPos1 2 3 can be used and are reliable with respect to the target misleading information risk 2...

Page 53: ...k to the receiver when it has been restarted See the description of the UBX MGA DBD messages in the MAX M10S interface description 3 for more information 2 13 3 AssistNow o ine AssistNow O ine is a fe...

Page 54: ...tain a standard HTTP query string in the request URL The query string consists of a set of key value parameters in the following form key value key value key value The following rules apply The order...

Page 55: ...ils can be found in the MAX M10S interface description 3 Where circumstances prevent providing all three of these pieces of data providing some is likely to be better than none at all as this helps to...

Page 56: ...underlying broadcast ephemeris was intended for This makes downloading new ephemeris or aiding data for the rst x unnecessary for subsequent startups of the receiver The AssistNow Autonomous feature...

Page 57: ...nformation only for approximately 30 minutes This is not long enough to extend it in a usable way Orbit information of each GLONASS satellite must be collected at least for four hours to generate data...

Page 58: ...hase of the satellite and Earth and the age of the data errors add up over time AssistNow Autonomous will typically extend a broadcast ephemeris from three up to six days The CFG ANA ORBMAXERR item al...

Page 59: ...the power o state The power down will be delayed until all calculations are done AssistNow Autonomous should be enabled if the system has sporadic access to the AssistNow O ine service In this case th...

Page 60: ...l batched data is lost when the feature is disabled Batched xes are always retrieved starting with the oldest x in the bu er and progressing towards newer ones There is no way to skip certain xes duri...

Page 61: ...sent to the cloud needs to be minimized The data can be reduced to 50 20 or even 12 Bytes and the time for the receiver to stay on shall be limited to the minimum as well These messages contain the me...

Page 62: ...quently is interrupted if VCC supply is removed 3 1 2 V_IO V_IO supplies all the digital IOs clock and the backup domain The current drawn at V_IO also depends on the activity and loading of the PIOs...

Page 63: ...p mode and Figure 22 for designs without backup supply VIO_SEL is grounded Note that the voltage output at VCC_RF VCC 0 1 V Note that the maximum supply tolerance is 1 8 V 2 To enter hardware backup m...

Page 64: ...the GNSS signal itself One reason is that the frequency band above 1 GHz is not well regulated with regards to EMI and even if permitted signal levels are much higher than the GNSS signal power In pa...

Page 65: ...the chart the center frequency span and resolution values set for the spectrum and the PGA value are also displayed The PGA value represents the internal gain set by the receiver which depends on the...

Page 66: ...terference The MAX M10S RF front end is designed for the highest sensitivity The integrated RF circuit is matched to 50 and includes a built in DC block an LTE Band 13 notch lter an LNA and an SAW lte...

Page 67: ...ion may reduce receiver sensitivity or cause a complete loss of signal reception The severity of the interference depends on the repetition rate frequency signal level modulation and bandwidth of the...

Page 68: ...sion power and the isolation between the antennas Practical values for antenna isolation can range from 15 20 dB down to 6 10 dB for very small devices RF interference may also couple from external so...

Page 69: ...F signal line and isolates the antenna supply from the RF signal line at GNSS frequencies Both R8 and L3 must have su cient current and power rating to withstand the short circuit current Example comp...

Page 70: ...o layers For the RF signal line it is best to use the co planar waveguide with ground on the second layer All the RF parts need a solid GND plane underneath in order to achieve the targeted impedance...

Page 71: ...m pitch and are 0 8 mm wide except the 4 pads at each corner pin 1 9 10 and 18 that are only 0 7 mm Figure 30 and Figure 31 describe the footprint and provide recommendations for the paste mask Note t...

Page 72: ...he amount of solder paste under the module and increase it outside of the module by de ning the dimensions of the paste mask to form a T shape or equivalent extending beyond the copper mask Recommende...

Page 73: ...s for example patch antenna 10 pF coax cable 50 80 pF m or soldering iron To prevent electrostatic discharge through the RF input do not touch any exposed antenna area If there is any risk that such e...

Page 74: ...pe B as speci ed in the u blox Packaging information reference 4 4 2 2 Tapes Figure 32 shows the feed direction and illustrates the orientation of the components on the tape Figure 32 Orientation of t...

Page 75: ...nformation reference 4 4 3 Soldering Re ow soldering procedures are described in the IPC JEDEC J STD 020 standard When populating the modules make sure that the pick and place machine is aligned to th...

Page 76: ...to be generated Conversely if performed excessively ne balls and large balls will be generated in clusters End temperature 150 200 C If the temperature is too low non melting tends to be caused in ar...

Page 77: ...odule in particular the quartz oscillators The best approach is to use a no clean soldering paste to eliminate the cleaning step after the soldering Repeated re ow soldering Repeated re ow soldering p...

Page 78: ...arefully Conformal coating of the module will void the warranty Casting If casting is required use viscose or another type of silicon pottant The OEM is strongly advised to qualify such processes in c...

Page 79: ...y if it is still suitable for the target design requirements Pin out 1 1 pin out mapping with MAX M8Q C modules but not with MAX M8W HW change is required for MAX M8W designs that use V_ANT pin 13 to...

Page 80: ...red to increase the drive strength of the digital IO output pin or adjust the load accordingly Table 32 MAX M10S hardware features compared to MAX M8 modules Migrating from MAX M8W to MAX M10S require...

Page 81: ...be used to reduce power consumption by saving navigation solutions on the receiver for up to 10 minutes at 1 Hz and polling the solutions afterwards to a host MCU Code change optional Con guration lo...

Page 82: ...rom MAX M10S as shown in Figure 38 or from an external supply as shown in Figure 39 Nevertheless the internal LNA provides enough gain for passive antennas MAX M10S has an internal SAW lter and no add...

Page 83: ...sources This is especially useful when MAX M10S is used in cellular applications An active antenna can be supplied with the VCC_RF output from MAX M10S or from an external supply VCC_RF is a ltered ou...

Page 84: ...e default no con guration required CFG HW ANT_SUP_SWITCH_PIN 7 default no con guration required CFG HW ANT_CFG_SHORTDET 1 true CFG HW ANT_CFG_SHORTDET_POL 0 false CFG HW ANT_SUP_SHORT_PIN 5 CFG HW ANT...

Page 85: ..._PIN 3 CFG HW ANT_CFG_OPENDET 1 true CFG HW ANT_CFG_OPENDET_POL 1 true default no con guration required CFG HW ANT_SUP_OPEN_PIN 2 CFG HW ANT_CFG_PWRDOWN 1 true CFG HW ANT_CFG_PWRDOWN_POL 0 false defau...

Page 86: ...ecommended component L3 RF Bias T inductor 27 nH 5 Murata LQG15H LQW15A series Johanson Technology L 07W series Any other inductor with impedance 500 at GNSS frequency and current rating above 300 mA...

Page 87: ...22001426 3 u blox M10 SPG 5 10 Interface description UBX 21035062 4 u blox Packaging information reference UBX 14001652 For regular updates to u blox documentation and to receive product change noti...

Page 88: ...h ROM SPG 5 10 rmware Product status is available in the data sheet 1 Updates pin assignment receiver con guration PIOs power save modes power supplies RF front end migration and reference designs sec...

Page 89: ...MAX M10S Integration manual Contact For further support and contact information visit us at www u blox com support UBX 20053088 R03 Page 89 of 89 C1 Public...

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