11/ SEVERE BURNS AND SCALDS
A. Ensure safety.
B. Call ambulance for severe burns or scalds.
C. For burns or scalds caused by fire, hot solids
hot liquids or sun:
1. Cool affected part with cool water.
2. Remove rings and bracelets before part starts to
swell.
3. Cover burn with clean cloth and secure lightly
with bandage.
4. Ensure hospital treatment for deep burns and
scalds of areas larger than a quarter.
5. DO NOT breath on, cough on, or touch burns.
6. DO NOT break blisters.
7. DO NOT remove clothing, stuck to burn.
8. DO NOT apply medications, ointments or greasy
substances to burn.
D. For burns caused by dry chemicals:
1. Brush off dry chemicals.
2. Flood with running water for 15 to 20 minutes.
3. Cover burn with clean cloth and secure lightly
with bandage.
E. For electrical burns:
1. Turn off electricity before touching casualty.
2. Check for breathing and pulse.
3. Cover burn with clean cloth and secure lightly
with bandage.
12/ HEAT EXPOSURE
13/ COLD EXPOSURE
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A. Definition: high body temperature due to
overexertion or high temperature.
B. Treatment:
1. Remove casualty to a cool area.
2. If unconscious:
(a) Call an ambulance.
(b) Ensure breathing and pulse.
(c) Place in recovery position.
3. If unconscious, give fluids to drink.
4. If hot, sponge with cool water.
A. Definition: Loss of body heat.
B. Treatment:
1 If unconscious:
(a) Call an ambulance.
(b) Ensure breathing and pulse.
(c) Remove from cold environment; protect from
further cooling.
(d) Do not attempt to rewarm casualty.
2. If conscious:
(a) Remove from cold environment.
(b) Remove wet clothing
(c) Give warm, sweet drinks ( no alcohol).
(d) Warm slowly by wrapping in prewarmed
sleeping bag, blankets or warm clothing.
14/ POISONING
A. In all cases:
D. For swallowed household chemical posions:
1. Ensure safety.
15/ Stroke
A. Warning signals of stroke may include:
1. Sudden one sided numbness, weakness or paralysis
of the face, arm or leg.
2. Sudden blurred or decreased vision in one or both
eyes eg. double vision.
3. Difficulty speaking, swallowing, or understanding
simply statements eg. slurred speech or drooling.
4. Sudden, loss of balance or loss of coordination
5. Sudden severe unexplained headache.
6. Decreased level of consciousness.
1. Ensure prompt medical attention
2. Place casualty at rest in comfortable position
3. Give nohing by mouth. If casualty is thirsty, moisten
the lips with a wet cloth.
4. Protect casualty from injury when moved or convulsing.
5. Reassure the casualty to keep warm.
6. If casualty becomes semiconscious or unconscious
place in the recovery position (lie on side). If there is
paralysis, place paralyzed side down (helps breathing).
7. If breathing stops, start Artificial Respiration. If there are
no signs of circulation, start CPR.
2. Identify poison and container, if possible.
3. Phone Poison Control Centre 1-800-567-8911
4. Call an ambulance. Send container and contents
with casualty to hospital.
B. Inhaled poisons such as exhaust fumes.
1. Remove source of fumes.
2. Move casualty to fresh air.
3. Check breathing and pulse.
4. Give artificial respiration or CPR as required.
C. Poison in contact with skin or eyes.
1. Flood area with a gentle stream of cool running
water for at least 15 minutes.
2. Continue flooding area until ambulance takes over.
3. Remove contaminated clothing.
4. Do not use chemical antidotes.
B. Action
When you suspect a stroke:
Time is Critical
(a) Phone Poison Control Centre 1-800-567-8911.
Follow their advice on first aid.
(b) Only induce vomiting on advice of Poison
Control Centre or Physician. If advised, use
Syrup of Ipecac (available without prescrip-
tion at pharmacies.). If poison is hydrocarbon
or corrosive, DO NOT induce vomiting.
(c) To avoid inhalation of vomit, place casualty’s
head lower than body in recovery position.
2. If Unconscious
2. Conscious casualty
(a) Call an ambulance.
(b) Ensure breathing and pulse.
(c) Place casualty in recovery position.
(d) DO NOT induce vomiting.
