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Equalization for music

The Graphic Equalizer is designed not only for use in preventing feedback  and equalizing
uneven room  frequency response to be flat, but also for equalizing frequency  response to
your tastes  and producing f a v o u r a b l e  sound for you.  Fig. 1 shows each f r e q u e n c y band
and its corresponding auditory feeling. Fig.  2 and table  1  show the relation between each
musical  instrument and its  frequency band.  They can be of great help  in  the  equalizer
operation. (They are referenced from  a book  entitled  "Practical Guide for concert")

EQUALIZATION CHART

These sounds
are felt more
than really
heard. They
give a sense of
power. Too
much produces
a muddy sound.

The rythm section
appears here. Either
a fat or thin sound
can be heard by
mis-EQ here. Too
much becomes

boomy. Bass guitar-
Snare-Toms.

Probably the most im-
portant of all. Most all
instruments contain har-
monics here.
300Hz  boosting can cause
horn like sounds.  1k to 2k
sounds tinny. Too much
here sounds like the tele-

Upper vocal region. Too
much here will cause

great fatigue, and loose
speech intelligence. Re-
ducing 3k can bring
vocals on top.

Presence range. Great
achievement in over-
all level can be had
here. Too little causes
a "far away" sound.

Sibilance levels
can be controll-

ed here. Bright,
clean definition.

phone.

INSTRUMENT  CHART

INSTRUMENT EQUALIZATION CHART

Acoustic guitar

Electric guitar

Bass guitar

Human voice

Piano (Acoustic)

Piano (Electric)

Organ

Violin

Brass instruments

Bass drum

Snare drum

Tom Tom

Floor Tom

Hi Hat

Cymbal overhead

Talk Box

Bass  strings resonate between 70 to  120Hz, body
around 300Hz. Avoid boosting these to stop feedback.
3kHz and  5kHz gives great  "clarity".

Resonances differ — depending on type. Good full
sounds  around 300 to  500Hz. Clarity at 3kHz.

Extreme lows  are at 60 to 90Hz. "Pick" or "pluck"
sounds are around 800 to 1200Hz. Upper harmonics
clarified about 3kHz.

Good fullness at 150Hz. Watch for "boominess" around
250Hz. Mid-range 10kHz.

Bass strings responate around 100Hz. Watch for sub-
harmonics at 30 to  50Hz.

Good mid-clarity at  3kHz to  5kHz thins  out rapidly in

high end. Be careful around 1.5kHz to 2.5kHz to avoid
the "bar room  sound".

Usually dies under 200Hz. Has great mid-sounds
around 1200 to 2000Hz. Top end cuts off at 6kHz.

Richfullness at 400Hz. Natural mids around 1500 to
2500Hz. Avoid "scratch" sounds at 8kHz.

Watch for "hot" mids around 2kHz. Low end boost
around 400Hz. Top end clarity at  6kHz.

Great low "kick" at 40Hz. The mids at 2kHz gives the
familiar  "punch".

Good fullness at  100Hz. The "crack" is boosted at  2kHz.

real easy. The snares extend to above 4kHz.

The main fullness is around 200Hz. The mid punch
extends to 4kHz.

Same as t o m ,  but  extends down to 80Hz.

Watch for the "gong" sound around  300Hz. Good
"shimmer" sounds are around 8kHz to  10kHz.

About  the same as hi-hat only has more low end around
150Hz.

Depending on the guitar sound driving it and the reso-
nance of each player's mouth, should have great "bite"
around  1200Hz and dies above 6kHz.

- 10  

Figure 1

-

Applications

Summary of Contents for E 131

Page 1: ...Operating Instruction Manual TOA PROFESSIONAL GRAPHIC EQUALIZER Model E 131 TOAELECTRICCO LTD KOBE JAPAN ...

Page 2: ... and 220 240V AC operation with a voltage selector The voltage selector on the rear panel of the 220 240V version should be checked for proper setting prior to operation as improper setting causes trouble The voltage selector is set for 240V operation at the factory 3 Do not operate the E 131 from power mains which exceeds the indicated mains voltage by more than 10 4 Do not expose the E 131 to co...

Page 3: ...ion bypass in the event of loss of AC power and an output muting function suppresses turn on turn off transients A smoked plastic security cover is included with the E 131 to guard against accidental disturbance or intentional tampering when used in fixed installations Inputs and outputs are transformer isolated and balanced with both XLR and 1 4 stereo phone jacks Ground lift switches are provide...

Page 4: ... A weighted Input Connectors One female XLR connector pin 1 shield pin 2 cold pin 3 hot XLR is balanced and in parallel with one tip ring sleeve standard phone jack Output Connectors One male XLR connector pin 1 shield pin 2 cold pin 3 hot XLR is balanced and in parallel with one tip ring sleeve standard phone jack Indicators A red LED for output clipping A green LED for equalizer IN A green LED f...

Page 5: ...Frequency Response Each slider is set at a max or min position Frequency Response All sliders are set at a max position Frequency Response ex 800Hz slider High pass Low pass Filters 4 Performance Graphs ...

Page 6: ...in reducing excessive background noise such as that produced by old phonograph records Input Level Control This control adjusts the input gain by 12dB to allow the use of a wide range of input sources To insure the best S N ratio possible adjust this control so that the peak LED flashes only occasionally Equalizer Sliders These sliders are adjusted to tune or equalized the overall frequency respon...

Page 7: ... may induce hum Sliding the ground lift switch from a NORM position to the LIFT position cuts ground loops and may reduce hum For most applications it should be set to the NORM position Output Connectors The XLR output connector is balanced and is wired in parallel with the phone jack that can accept tip sleeve as well as a tip ring sleeve type of plug The output impedance is 600 ohms Input Connec...

Page 8: ...Mixing Console RX 7 E 131 L E 131 R Power Amplifier P 150D Speaker System 38 SD 2 7 Input Output Connections ...

Page 9: ...ng to minimize noise Ground lift switches are provided on the rear of the E 131 Sliding the ground lift switch from a NORM position to the LIFT position lifts ground On the road use The E 131 is sturdily constructed with an aluminum die cast front panel that is reinforced by means of an iron plate attached to its back To ensure that strength is maintained during its transportation from one place t...

Page 10: ...rocedure sufficient gain in the sound system is obtained before feedback Room Equalization In a sound reinforcement system for a room the clarity of sound can be adversely affected by the room frequency response including standing waves room resonances reflections of sound and relations between direct and indirect sound The E 131 is an effective tool to equalize the room frequency response to a fl...

Page 11: ...e Piano Acoustic Piano Electric Organ Violin Brass instruments Bass drum Snare drum Tom Tom Floor Tom Hi Hat Cymbal overhead Talk Box Bass strings resonate between 70 to 120Hz body around 300Hz Avoid boosting these to stop feedback 3kHz and 5kHz gives great clarity Resonances differ depending on type Good full sounds around 300 to 500Hz Clarity at 3kHz Extreme lows are at 60 to 90Hz Pick or pluck ...

Page 12: ...TOAELECTRICCO LTD KOBE JAPAN Printed in Japan 133 02 674 8 ...

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