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Texas Instruments 990, Operation Manual

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Summary of Contents for 990

Page 1: ...TEXAsINSTRUMENTS O Improving Man s Effectiveness Through Electronics Model 990 Computer Prototyping System Operation Guide MANUAL NO 945255 9701 ORIGINAL ISSUE 1 MAY 1976 Digital Systems Division ...

Page 2: ...LATEST CHANGED PAGES DESTROY SUPERSEDED PAGES LIST Of EFfECTIVE PAGES Note The portion of the text affected by the changes is indicated by a vertical bar in the outer margins of the page Model 990 Computer Prototyping System Operation Guide 945255 9701 Original Issue 1May 1976 Total number of pages in this publication is 254 consisting of the following PAGE CHANGE PAGE CHANGE PAGE CHANGE NO NO NO ...

Page 3: ...e discussed at length The commands are explained and detailed descriptions of each of the com mands are included Detailed descriptions of the supervisor calls follow IV Text Editor Presents detailed loading initialization and editing procedures for the text editor This section includes descriptions of each of the text editor commands Explanations of printed messages and a source program example ar...

Page 4: ...t a summary of commands and directives and a list of error messages The appendixes also include an explanation of memory and PROM mapping parameters and tables of information related to PROM programming The following publications contain additional information needed to use the 990 Prototyping System Title Model 990 4 Computer System Hardware Reference Manual Model 990 Computer TMS9900 Microproces...

Page 5: ...rototyping System Software Cassette Generation Using the 733 ASR ROM Loader Loading Standard 990 Object Modules Loading Compressed Abs lute Fortnat Object Modules Loading the Monitor Operating the Monitor Entering CO mmands on the Terminal Keyboard Input Output and Logical Unit Assignments Loading and Executing Programs Loading User Program Interface with System Software Executing a User Program I...

Page 6: ... SIB or Trace RV Modify Memory MM Inspect Memory 1M Modify Registers MR Inspect Registers IR Modify Workspace Registers MW Inspect Workspace Registers IW Modify CRU Register MC Inspect CRU Input Lines IC Set Snapshot SS Inspect Snapshot IS Clear Snapshot CS Set Breakpoint SB Clear Breakpoint CB Set Trace Defmition ST Set Trace Region SR Clear Trace Region CR Find Byte FB Find Word FW Hexadecimal A...

Page 7: ...Combining Source or Object Files Creating New Programs Commands General Setup Commands Pointer Commands Edit Commands Print Commands Output Commands Messages Error Messages Warning Messages Source Program Editing Example Description of Program Explanation of Example Editing Object Code SECTION V ONE PASS ASSEMBLER Introduction General Description Loading Procedure for the Assembler Assembler Opera...

Page 8: ... Programmer Loading Procedure PROM Programming Process Bit String Width Memory and PROM ROM Bounds PROM ROM Characteristics Mapping Parameters Examples Using One Two and Three level Looping Commands PROM Programmer Standard PS PROM Programmer PP PROM Programmer Subcommands Programming Considerations Standardizing Nonstandard Memory and PROM Configurations Programming EPROMs Creating PROMs for Memo...

Page 9: ...inking and Loading Modules and Executing the Program SECTION XI PROM PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES Introduction Example 1 Example 2 APPENDIXES Compatibility with DXI0 Standalone Programming Character Set Commmand and Directive Summary Error Messages Memory and PROM Mapping Additional User Tables Title LIST OF ILLUSTRAnONS Title 990 Prototyping System Hardware Block Diagram Hardware Memory Configuration Tra...

Page 10: ...er of Data from Memory into PROM Mapping Example 1 Mapping Example 2 Mapping Example 3 Mapping Example 4 Mapping Example 5 Mapping Example 7 LIST OF TABLES Title Prototyping System Part Numbers Part Numbers of Hardware Required in 990 Prototyping System Monitor Keyboard Commands List of Supervisor Calls PX9ASM Error Codes Object Output Tags Supplied by Assemblers x Page 3 69 3 70 6 1 6 4 6 6 6 7 7...

Page 11: ... integrated circuits In addition to applications program development it is particularly suited to generation and testing of firmware software resident in read only memory programs for use with the TMS9900 microprocessor 1 2 1 PROTOTYPING SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION The purpose of the Prototyping System Software is to provide the capability to generate edit assemble load and debug user programs for...

Page 12: ...omputer on a single printed circuit card one or more memory expansion cards and a chassis and power supply The 990 4 microcomputer circuit card contains the CPU 4K words of on board dynamic random access memory and up to lK of ROM or static RAM Detailed information on the Model 990 4 Computer may be found in the Model 990 4 Computer System Hardware Reference Manual Manual No 945251 9701 990 4 COMP...

Page 13: ...rcuit card The expansion card may be expanded to 20K words giving a total of 24K words of dynamic RAM in the Prototyping System configuration The 512 words of ROM are divided into 256 words of firmware for the 733 ASR ROM loader both tape cassette and cards and programmer panel and 256 words for the CPU memory self test routines The card loader is included for compatibility with the 990 1 0 Comput...

Page 14: ...ls A vector is a two word pair providing the program counter and workspace for the service routine that handles an interrupt or XOP Power Up Trap_ The power up interrupt traps through a vector at address zero or address FFFC16 depending on a jumper wire implemented on the 990 4 CPU board This allows more flexible memory allocation for dedicated systems that do not have an operator panel The 990 Pr...

Page 15: ...tors device sockets with a programming adaptor and a power supply A programming adaptor is a plug in module that provides the control functions for a specific PROM device type Plug in adaptors are available for both PROM and erasable programmable read only memory EPROM devices The PROM programming module operates as a CRU device Software prograrns have direct control over the PROM address data tim...

Page 16: ...rol Information Cassette TI Part Number 945202 0001 945202 0002 945202 0003 945202 0004 945202 0005 945202 0006 945202 0007 945202 0008 945202 0009 945202 0010 943380 0001 943380 0012 943350 0001 In addition firmware programs are located on the ROM modules for the programmer panel and 733 ASR ROM loader 1 4 1 GENERAL The following paragraphs discuss the capabilities and requirements of the Prototy...

Page 17: ... expansion module size 4K words 8K words 12K words 16K words 20K words EPROM Memory EPROM Memory Module optional EPROM Device Kit optional 6 S10t Chassis with Programmer Panel 20 ampere power supply 733 ASR Data Terminal Kit PROM Programming Kit optional Tabletop Rack Mount PROM programming accessory equipment PROM Programming Adapter optional EPROM Programming Adapter optional EPROM Erase Kit opt...

Page 18: ...ormat code The 733 ASR ROM standard loader loads the upfront loader which in tum loads the compressed absolute format code Relocating linking loader PX9LALJ PX9LAL which must be resident in the monitor transient area loads program modules in object code modifies memory addresses in the modules and links the modules The program code may specify absolute memory locations or specify relocatable memor...

Page 19: ..._ _ UNAVAILABLE ADDRESS SPACE DEBUG MONITOR 4K WORDS _ _ PROGRAMMER PANEL WORKSPACE 256 WORDS ____ RAM OR ROM EXPANSION 256 WORDS ____ PROGRAMMER PANEL SOFTWARE ROM LOADERS AND SELF TEST ROUTINE 511 WORDS NOTE USER AREA 4K WORDS MEMORY EXPANSION 4K WORDS EXPANDABLE TO 24K WORDS RESTART VECTOR DIAGRAM SHOWS MINIMUM CONFIGURATION 4K WORDS OF USER AND 4K WORDS OF SYSTEM MEMORY Figure 1 4 990 Prototyp...

Page 20: ...such non I O calls as user program termination and data format conversion The formats involved in the conversion routines are binary data and decimal and hexadecimal ASCII character codes Supervisor calls make use of a block of memory which contains a code forthe operation to be performed and parameters associated with the operation 1 4 2 4 User Interaction with Monitor PX9MTP interacts with the u...

Page 21: ...ry data sequence is stored in compressed absolute data format and can be reloaded using either the absolute loader or the upfront loader both invoked by monitor keyboard commands The absolute dump can also be used to save an entire memory data sequence complete with the current debug parameters in the data sequence The memory data sequence can then be reloaded from the start and the debugging cont...

Page 22: ...xist ng program from magnetic tape cassette to a memory buffer for editing and then outputs it to a second cassette The text editor processes three different claSses of commands Setup commands Edit operation commands Output commands Since the object module format for the 990 Family consists of ASCII strings acceptable to the text editor PX9EDT may also be used to edit object modules 1 4 4 2 One Pa...

Page 23: ... is run and debugged under actual operating conditions Any problems found are then corrected either 1 in the memory version of the program or 2 by updating the source or object and repeating the development procedure from step 1 3 PROM programming The tested program is programmed into a PROM using the PROM Programmer software package and the PROM Programming Module The created PROM is then used in...

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Page 25: ...utput and logical unit assignments Loading and executing programs Interrupts and single instruction execution Memory write protect 2 2 UNPACKING AND INSTALLATION OF HARDWARE Unpack and install the 990 4 Computer as described in the Model 990 4 Computer System Hardware Reference Manual Manual No 945251 9701 Unpack and install the 733 ASR Data Terminal as described in the Model 990 Computer Model 73...

Page 26: ...OARD MEMORY BOARD PROM PROGRAMM ING INTERFACE MODULE OPTIONAL I r I PART NO DATA TERMINAL INTERFACE MODULE I I r I I I L l I r J 944925 000 t PART NO 945075 0001 L _____ I J SLOT 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I SLOT SLOT SLOT 6Pl 2 3 6 SLOT COMPUTER CHASSIS r I I SLOT 6P2 PART NO 944960 0001 I LEGEND I I ____ CABLE INTERCONNECTION 1 ____ BOARD TO CHASS IS OR PHYSICAL INTER CONNECTION A 133372 990 4 COMP...

Page 27: ...he 990 4 microcomputer and an external chassis containing power supplies and interchan geable circuitry on an adaptor to program specific types of PROM devices This module operates as a CRU device Detailed information about the PROM Programming module can be found in the Model 990 Computer PROM Programming Module Installation and Operation Manual No 945258 9701 Software initiates the programming c...

Page 28: ...tte The following procedure may be used I Do not rewind this cassette after printing the text of the first file If the cassette was listed using local mode and continuous start it will be correctly positioned 2 Check that the RECORD switch in the bottom row of switches on the upperunit is in the LOCAL position and that the PRINTER switch is in the OFF position The PLAYBACK switch should already be...

Page 29: ...cord of monitor The monitor will be loaded in locations 800016 to AOOOI6 This D tag record may be created in local mode or by using PX9EDT Using the monitor residing at location 200016 an absolute code module of the relocated monitor may be created 1 Load the absolute code monitor which resides at 200016 2 Using this monitor or the programmer panel LOAD switch load the relocatable monitor at the d...

Page 30: ...ON 1 1 C Rev OFF t 5 14 13 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 D CJ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D 0 D HAL T S iE RUN RESET LOAD WP PC ST MA WP PC ST MA MOD MAl MOE CLR ODDO DODD DDOD DISPLAY ENTER 19 18 17 Figure 2 2 Controls and Indicators Used in Loading Procedures 2 6 Digital Systems Division ...

Page 31: ...ide of the REWIND STOP switch 1 or 10 on the upper switch panel of the data terminal and removed to prevent accidental reuse The tape is finished rewinding when the END indiCator lamp 4 or 7 lights 2 5 2 LOADING COMPRESSED ABSOLUTE FORMAT OBJECT MODULES Compressed absolute format code may be loaded using the 733 ASR ROM loader by including the upfront loader in front of the compressed absolute for...

Page 32: ...or The RUB OUT key on the keyboard may be used to delete all characters from the present character position to the begmning of the current parameter CRTL H willdelete one character back to the beginning of the current parameter Some keys such as TAB CTRL I the space bar backspace CTRL H ESC and RUB OUT are interpreted differently depending upon which command processing routine is executing The spe...

Page 33: ...ommands are used to load or execute programs in the user area of memory User programs the text editor PX9EDT and assembler PX9ASM are loaded into user memory and executed in free running mode with monitor control or in free running mode Before executing in either mode the entry point for programs in the user area must be set in the user s PC The Inspect Registers OR command may be used to determin...

Page 34: ...ammer panel is active The level 0 interrupt differs from the other interrupts because it cannot be masked by the program The level 0 interrupt is generated whenever one or more of these conditions occurs Monitor initiated single instruction execution SlE The operator presses the HALT SlE pushbutton on the programmer panel A program executes an LREX Load ROM and Execute assembly language machine in...

Page 35: ... index into the memory addresses to specify which contiguous 256 word block of memory is to be protected For example the lower bound of the protect region equal to 200016 would be represented in the Protect register as 1016 The memory block beginning at location 200016 is the sixteenth 256 word 5l2 byte memory block A bound is calculated by dividing the starting address of the memory block by 2001...

Page 36: ... such as Modify Memory MM and the program loading commands LP OV PL LL LV and LA The monitor prints the error message MX07 if a write protect violation occurs The violation flag is cleared the protect register restored and the user program haIted The Protect Violation flag is not checked when executing a user program with the EX command When the Protect Violation flag is set another signal is gene...

Page 37: ...y an incorrect instruction This may be avoided in most cases by write protecting the monitor The monitor has been constructed so that all of the data areas occur near the end of the monitor The first 140016 bytes of the monitor may be included within the protect region 2 13 2 14 Digital Systems Division ...

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Page 39: ... used in the command syntax definitions Descriptions of the commands including a brief explanation of their purpose their syntax and parameters how they function error messages application notes if appli cable and examples of how the commands are used The monitor keyboard commands are listed in table 3 1 Supervisor calls Their purpose The differences between I O and non I O supervisor calls Superv...

Page 40: ...nspect Snapshot 3 4 21 CS Clear Snapshot 3 4 22 SB Set Breakpoint 3 4 23 CB Clear Breakpoint 3 4 24 ST Set Trace Definition 3 4 25 SR Set Trace Region 3 4 26 CR Clear Trace Region 3 4 27 FB Find Byte 3 4 28 FW Find Word 3 4 29 HA Hexadecimal Arithmetic 3 4 30 SP Set Write Protect Region 3 4 31 CP Clear Write Protect Region 3 4 32 Supervisor call communication with the monitor is accomplished with ...

Page 41: ...nto a single contiguous program This type of load operation accepts one or more object modules of a program and loads them into memory at addresses specified in the program modules The third type of loading operation uses a condensed data format generated by the Dump in Absolute Format DP command that can be loaded much faster than the equivalent object module format of the program When a program ...

Page 42: ...his program or enter any of the debug commands Snapshot A printed display of the contents of contiguous workspace registers plus the contents of an area in memory as defmed by the operator A snapshot may be printed automatically at a breakpoint Trace region An area of the program about which information concerning the execution of an instruction is output on the printer This information may be pri...

Page 43: ...ic breakpoints and trace regions respectively Trace formats and snapshots are predefmed for the novice but may be modified if desired 3 4 KEYBOARD COMMANDS The following paragraphs present background information on the keyboard commands They describe the components of a command their significance and their general characteristics The individual commands are then described in detail 3 4 1 GENERAL A...

Page 44: ...equested in the specified size or amount The Modify operation displays a requested quantity such as the contents and the register number of a workspace register and accepts an input which may change the value This operation automatically increments and displays the next item of the ele ment being modified The Modify commands operate on memory workspace registers machine registers and the CRU The S...

Page 45: ...reakpoint is its index a number from 0 to 3 a program counter value a reference counter optional and a snapshot index optional The user s pro gram counter workspace pointer and status register are automatically printed along with the breakpoint index number If a snapshot was associated with the breakpoint at definition time then the snapshot indicated by the snapshot index is also printed Breakpoi...

Page 46: ...first character on a new line Depending on the command executed the software system mayor may not return to command mode The monitor requests another command by printing another period at the beginning of a line No program executing under the monitor uses a period in this manner to request user input 3 4 1 7 Command String Processor The command string processor parses command input strings given c...

Page 47: ... Invalid parameter entered invalid hexadecimal number entered or maximum parameter list length exceeded MSOI MX03 Invalid command The first two characters do not match any known command Overlay resident command not in memory The command must be loaded into the transient area before it can be executed A complete list of the error codes appears in Appendix E 3 4 1 1ONotaflonal Conventions The notati...

Page 48: ...tements are not shown in the examples 3 4 2 ASSIGN LUNO AL The Assign LUNO command is used to establish the I O devices that will perform I O under PX9MTP Syntax definition AL b luno b device The command is terminated by a carriage return Parameters luno Logical unit number number associated with the I O device device Character string which is the name of a devIce The acceptable device names are a...

Page 49: ...nd initiates a program load with the standard loader Syntax definition LP i Juno i bias The command is terminated by a carriage return Parameters luno Logical unit number of the input device bias Base address of the relocatableobject code Parameter default values If the logical unit number is not specified a value of 7 is used Unless reassigned by an Assign LUNO AL command LUNO 7 is assigned to ca...

Page 50: ... J luno The command is tenninated by a carriage return Parameter luno Logical unit number of the input device Parameter default value If the logical unit number is not specified a value of 7 the logical unit number nonnally assigned to tape cassette CSI is used Description The monitor has an 850 word transient area reserved for overlays Overlays consist of one or more command service routines The ...

Page 51: ...presently there an error message of MX03 is printed Error messages LDOO LDOI Example ov 8 5P LA Invalid checksum tag or I O error occurred during loading Invalid load LUNO The overlay containing the DP and LA commands is loaded from the device assigned to LUNO 8 3 4 5 LOAD PROM PROGRAMMER PL The Load PROM Programmer command is used to load the PROM Programmer software module into memory Syntax def...

Page 52: ...ur even though the overlay module load has been indicated by a printout Error messages LDOO LDOI Examples PL 8 PP PS Invalid tag or I O error Reenter the command If the error persists the tape may be bad or not readied Invalid LUNa Reenter the command The PROM programmer module is loaded from the device assigned to LUNa 8 After the overlay resident module is loaded PP and PS are printed The memory...

Page 53: ...ecord is generated by the assembler when an end of me record is encountered by the assembler on the source input This enables the user to batch assemble source and batch load object modules The loader will continue loading modules from one cassette until an end of file record is encountered PX9LAL Symbol Table The symbol table is built in the user area The length of the symbol table is determined ...

Page 54: ...ddress of the load point of th program module to the relocatable addresses Data within the program module that represents a relocatable address or is derived from a relocatable address by evalUating an expression for example is relocatable even though it may appear at an absolute address PX9LAL modifies this data by adding the memory address of the load point of the program module to the data B y ...

Page 55: ...the hexadecimal memory location of the load point for the object module If a carriage return is entered the default value of 0 will be assumed LD BI Load Bias The user should input the hexadecimal value of the load bias for the object module or modules to be loaded If a carriage return is entered the default value OOA016 will be assumed The load point and load bias specified above are used in dete...

Page 56: ...hich may be followed by the hexadecimal logical unit number of the input device See Section II and paragraph 3 4 2 If no number is input a default LUNO of 7 will be assumed If a number is input it must be between hexadecimal 0 and F inclusive and of the form L O with no embedded blanks Example LOAD END L8 When the load option is selected PX9LAL loads all the object modules on the positioned casset...

Page 57: ...of the object code out of sequence it prints this message PX9LAL then terminates and restarts The user may recover from the error by correcting the sequence of the object code and reloading the program The second message is LL02 Invalid Load Code PX9LAL prints this message when it reads an invalid character as the tag character Valid tag characters processed by PX9LAL are the hexadecimal digits 0 ...

Page 58: ...o the beginning of the next module The message LOAD END is then printed The user should identify the module to which the message applies When the module is required instead of the previously loaded module either remove the first module or place the required module ahead of the other module in the load sequence and reload When both modules are required change the IDT character string of either modu...

Page 59: ...aracter string of a previously loaded program module change the symbol and corresponding references or the IDT character string and its reference and reload When the definition is not required in the program ignore the message The fourth message is UNDEFINED Undefmed Symbols When all modules have been processed and the user enters E to the LOAD END option PX9LAL scans the symbol table to find any ...

Page 60: ... address following XREF shows that the module XREF is loaded at address 10016 The addresses following each of the other module names specify the hexadecimal addresses where each module is loaded The symbol names preceded by asterisks are the external definitions supplied by the module and the absolute addresses corresponding to the defined labels are also printed The external definitions PRINTC GE...

Page 61: ...of a link and load of the same seven modules loaded in example 1 Example 3 LII pr LD BF F P LEE F IOPTE LDAD Er lD 1_ 3 IDP2 lOP3 IOP4 lOP5 IOP6 IDP IDP 3 IDF O A lODe t lABELL lODe 10F6 E iDF IL 10F6 1106 LEADER 1106 1126 ENDF 1164 EI iDL 116 3 PCHCP1 1154 PU iCH 1126 117 3 CJHCH 11 32 CtHRni 11 3A CDI IPET 11 3 l1 E REDPtH 11 E l1AC PRINT l1Ae PRTIT 11 B4 11DCt KE lIDO 1202 READ 12 1 1 PEDHI 122...

Page 62: ...11 PUTII I 1366 M 8CREEI I 1366 1 1 IOP17 1368 OUTP 1368 TABCHK 1368 11 lOP1S 13SC FLAG 138C OUT 138E OUTP 138E 1 1 REDII I 13B8 M TABCHt 138E M IOP19 13CS STATUS 13C8 IIJP20 13CE LOAD 13D4 REWNDI 13 00 REWI ID2 13CE IOP21 13F4 BACK 13F4 IOP22 140C ULOADI 140E ULOAD2 140C IIJP23 1414 RECRD1 1416 RECRD2 1414 lOP24 1426 REWIND 1426 IOP25 1450 RDC 1450 IIJP26 140 6 STATA S 1466 IIJP27 147A DELA 147A ...

Page 63: ...ies a load from the tape mounted in the drive assigned to LUNO 8 The Ms printed after the absolute addresses of the external definitions indicate that these references are multiply defined When a reference is multiply defined the first encountered definition is used The response E to the final LOAD END question ends the load process The entry point of IOD816 is then printed Example 4 LL LD PT LD B...

Page 64: ...O LOffD END E ENTR y OOA TERM CONT I Example 5 shows a full load map printout of a load of one module The load point specified is 100016 and the default load bias of A016 is selected The printout specifies that the load point of I0P990 is A016 and the symbol MABELL is at location A016 These are the addresses at which this program will execute and all relocation is done with this bias However the r...

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Page 66: ...es If the logical unit number is not specified a value of 7 nonnally assigned to tape cassette CS1 is used If the bias address is not specified the upfront loaderis loaded at a location I BOl6 bytes below the beginning of the monitor Description Compressed absolute format code may be loaded by including a short loader called an upfront loader at the beginning of the code The upfront loader is IBO ...

Page 67: ...d Syntax definition LA tuno The command is terminated by a carriage return Parameter luno Logical unit number of the input device Parameter default value If the logical unit number is not specifted a value of 7 normally assigned to tape cassette CSI is used Description To execute the LA command the absolute loader must be resident in the transient area If it is not there it must be loaded as an ov...

Page 68: ...nd is terminated by a carriage return Description The program is executed directly by the 990 computer without using the SIE or trace features Execution is started with the PC WP and ST that would be displayed if an Inspect Registers IR command were executed Application notes In order to regain control from an executing user program the user must intervene at the programmer panel The monitor may b...

Page 69: ...ally loaded with a default value of O Description Instructions in the user s program are executed one at a time using either the hardware SIE feature or the software trace interpreter The user may specify one of these two modes of operation with the Set Trace Region SR command paragraph 3 4 26 Before the monitor executes a user instruction it checks whether the instruction is within a defined trac...

Page 70: ...Interrupts are processed as they occur by the user program using the SIE mode of execution When running under the trace mode interrupts and extended operations XOPs are executed directly When running under SIE an IDLE assembly language machine instruction is handled like an NOP instruction The SIE level 0 interrupt causes the computer to continue execution The user must be aware of how the 733 ASR...

Page 71: ...processing terminates Error message DPOO An invalid hexadecimal value was input Application note The MM command is useful for setting up desired conditions in order to check out a routine It is also convenient for creating patches and for examining memory one word at a time Example MM 1000 1000 FFFF 1 1002 FFFF 3 l004 FFFF 1006 FF FF 8 These command statements place the value 1 in location 1000 3 ...

Page 72: ...ny time by pressing the ESC key on the terminal keyboard DP13 The ending address specified is less than the starting address specified Examples IM 1000 1004 1000 1002 COEO 023E IM 1006 1006 1004 3 4 14 MODIFY REGISTERS MR The Modify Registers command displays the contents of the user s internal registers workspace pointer WP program counter PC and status ST registers and allows the user to modify ...

Page 73: ... in the WP register to A6 16 The second example changes the WP register value to A2 16 and the ST register value to 216 The third example changes the PC register value to 246 16 As in the second example the user may press the space bar on the terminal keyboard if he does not wish to modify a particular register As in the third example he may press the RETURN key on the terminal keybo ard after ent...

Page 74: ...specified register is changed If the terminator is a blank the next register is printed for modification If the tenniriator is a carriage return or comma the command processing terminates The command processing terminates automatically after processing workspace register 15 F16 Application note The user is cautioned to be sure that the workspace pointer actually points to the intended workspace Th...

Page 75: ...displayed are those pointed to by the WP that would be displayed if an IR command were executed Workspace registers are displayed with the register number preceding the register contents Error message DP13 Either the starting workspace register number is greater than the ending workspace register number or a workspace register number greater than F16 was requested Examples IW RO OOOO R1 OOOO R2 00...

Page 76: ...th is given by the CRU width parameter are used to modify the CRU value Enter a new value to change the value a space to continue on to the next value and a carriage return to terminate data modification The addresses are displayed as they would be used in workspace register 12 the CRU base address which is the actual CRU bit address times 2 Also data is displayed and entered directly as the STCR ...

Page 77: ...the range of 0 to I FFF16 CRU upper limit CRU address that ends the display The address must be in the range 0 to IFFFI6 Parameter default values If the CRU lower limit is not specified a value of 0 is used If the CRU upper limit is not specified and the CRU lower limit is specified the default value is the CRU lower limit Sixteen bits are displayed If neither parameter is specified the entire CRU...

Page 78: ...emory addr The command is terminated by a carriage return Parameters snapshot no Index number of snapshot to be defmed The index is a number in the range 0 3 starting reg no First workspace register to be displayed ending reg no Last workspace register to be displayed starting memory addr First memory word address to be displayed ending memory addr Last memory word address to be displayed Paramete...

Page 79: ...an be constructed which will be activated only when some specified event occurs A dump may be produced and execution will continue without operator intervention Snapshots are useful for extended traces when the user wants to leave the computer running with breakpoints established This would allow the computer to take an automatic dump when an exceptional condition is encountered and then continue ...

Page 80: ...ing snapshot number but not the starting snapshot number is specified the snapshots from 0 through the specified snapshot are displayed Description Snapshots are defined with the Set Snapshot command Attempts to display undefined snapshots are ignored DP13 Either the ending snapshot number is greater than Examples IS SNAPO the starting snapshot number or a snapshot number greater than the permitte...

Page 81: ...leared A number from 0 to 3 The last snapshot to be cleared A number from 0 to 3 If no parameters are specified all snapshots are cleared If only the first parameter is given only the specified snapshot will be deared If only the second parameter is given snapshot 0 through the specit1ed ending snapshot will be cleared Description If an attempt is made to clear a snapshot that has not been set the...

Page 82: ...ecified a value of 1 is used If the user enters a value of 0 it is equivalent to a reference count of FFFF16 If the snapshot number is not specified a snapshot is not printed Use of breakpoints The breakpoint is one of the key elements in program debugging because it enables the user to specify conditions under which he wants to receive control Breakpoints are particularly useful when the user wan...

Page 83: ...Breakpoints are not active when the user code is executed with the EX command An error is not reported when a Set Breakpoint SB command redefmes an already defined breakpoint The specified breakpoint is modified to take on the new definition When an instruction has been fetched from a breakpoint location a number of times equal to the contents of the reference counter the breakpoint is activated E...

Page 84: ...clear a breakpoint that has not been set the command is ignored Error message DP13 A breakpoint index greater than the maximum possible index number 3 was specified or the ending break point index was less than the starting breakpoint Examples CB 1 3 CB index number The first example clears all breakpoints except number O The second example clears all breakpoints 3 4 25 SET TRACE DEFINITION ST The...

Page 85: ...is printed Targets for branch or jump instruction Whenever a branch or jump occurs the target address of the branch jump is printed CRU address When one of the instructions that references the CRU LDeR STCR TB SBO SBZ is executed the address of the first bit referenced is printed For example for TB 2 the address is base R12 2 Null trace No printout occurs If any other characters occur in the strin...

Page 86: ...ng is scanned for proper syntax If the string conforms to the syntax a trace print control template is built and placed in the trace format table The character string in the ST command allows the user to select only those portions of the trace output that he needs For tutorial purposes an extensive trace output could be requested while minimal traces such as a PC or variable trace are also easily ...

Page 87: ...instruction and format workspace pointer changes and source and destination effective addresses is PIWSEDE To specify all options the character string is the same as the string equivalent to default trace format index number 3 above Example 1 Trace format I in the following example is defmed as a program counter trace The program counter is the only option printed ST 1 P SR 1 0 2000 1 N MR PC 198C...

Page 88: ... v3 The command is terminated by a carriage return Parameters region index lower mem addr upper mem addr format index step region vl v2 v3 Trace region index number a number from oto 3 First memory address in the trace region a hexadecimal number in the range 0 to FFFE Last memory address in the trace region a hexadecimal number in the range 0 to FFFE Trace format index number a number from oto 3 ...

Page 89: ...mand Trace types may vary from a null trace to a full trace The function of the instruction step region is to control the execution of the user program If the instruction step region is set by entering an S parameter on the terminal keyboard only one instruction at a time will be executed and traced To execute another instruction the user must press the space bar If variables have been specified t...

Page 90: ...d Example 2 The trace region is set from 0 to 200016 with the trace format index number equal to 3 Trace type 3 defaults to a full trace The snapshot prints workspace registers I through 4 and memory locations 100016 to 100416 A breakpoint is set at 047416 with snapshot 1 associated A Modify Registers MR command sets the program counter to 046C16 and execution is begun by issuing an Execute User P...

Page 91: ...his is a typical example using snapshots breakpoints and an instruction trace Since a snapshot is associated with the breakpoint the snapshot is printed and execution continued An exit from the RU command is made by pressing the ESC key on the terminal keyboard 3 4 27 CLEAR TRACE REGION CR The Clear Trace Region instruction is used to disable previously specified trace regions Syntax definition CR...

Page 92: ...mber Examples CR 1 3 CR In the first example all but region 0 are cleared In the second example all regions are cleared 3 4 28 FIND BYTE FB The Find Byte command is used to scan an area of memory for a particular byte value Syntax definition FB J start mem addr J ending mem addr kJ desired value k l maSk The command is terminated by a carriage return Parameters start mem addr ending mem addr desir...

Page 93: ...sing Reenter the command MX06 The beginning address is an invalid memory address Reenter the command Application notes No check is made to ensure that the mask does not exclude a bit required by the desired value thereby making a match impossible If the monitor is being searched results may not appear to be correct since the monitor is changing during the search process Examples FB 0 20oo 0 OF 000...

Page 94: ... with each word before comparing it with desired value If the starting memory address is not specified a value of 0 is used If the ending memory address is not specified a value of FFFF16 is used If the mask parameter is not specified a value of FFFF16 is used Description Each word in the memory search range is ANDed with the mask and compared to the desired value The memory location and contents ...

Page 95: ... continue searching for another occurrence of the data word 3 4 30 HEXADECIMAL ARITHMETIC HA The Hexadecimal Arithmetic command calculates the sum and difference of two hexadecimal numbers The 2 s complement hexadecimal value and the signed decimal value are printed Syntax definition HA i value i J value The command is terminated by a carriage return Parameters value Hexadecimal number value Param...

Page 96: ... Hexadecimal number upper mem addr Upper boundary memory address of the protected region Required parameter Hexadecimal number Description This command sets the write protect region from the lower to the upper memory bound addresses If the memory addresses entered are not on 256 word boundaries the bounds will be set at the next lower 256 word boundary The lower bound is included within the protec...

Page 97: ...otect Permit bit to Permit The Protect Violation flag is cleared if it has been set Example cP This command clears a write protected region set previously with an SP command 3 5 SUPERVISOR CALLS Supervisor calls are used to Request all monitor I O operations Perform frequently used services in the form of monitor routines 3 5 1 INTRODUCTION The following paragraphs explain invocation of a supervis...

Page 98: ...ll consists of the following two blocks contiguous on a full word boundary A two byte block that specifies a zero for an I O call in the first byte and has the second byte set to O A seven word control block called a Physical Record Block PRB This control block specifies the type of I O operation to be performed and the input and output parameters The format of the physical record block is as foll...

Page 99: ... logging device will be placed in the uset s buffer The absolute memory address of the start of an I O buffer The maximum number of characters which may be input The number of characters actually input or output An I O supervisor call may be coded in assembly language as follows XOP IOC 15 IOC BYTE 0 0 PRB BYTE 9 7 Read from LUNO 7 DATA a System flags user flags DATA BUFADR Buffer address DATA 80 ...

Page 100: ...ied device until either the buffer length is satisfied or a terminating event such as a carriage return occurs A read from a dummy device will cause the end of file flag to be set Errors An unrecoverable I O error is returned if An I O error occurs The output cassette is not ready 3 5 2 3 Write ASCII The Write ASCII supeIVisor call writes ASCII data to an output device Supervisor call code 0 I O o...

Page 101: ...tte This call is ignored by other devices Error An unrecoverable I O error is returned if an I O error occurs or if the output cassette is not ready 3 5 3 NON I O SUPERVISOR CALLS The data block for a non I O supervisor call is a parameter block containing two to eight bytes It has the following format The parameters are op error code sign value 1ST BYTE 2ND BYTE op o s error code 00 o 2 s n OR PA...

Page 102: ... decimal ASCII character code The parameter block contains eight bytes Supervisor call code A Calling arguments 1ST BYTE 2ND BYTE o A 2 sign 4 converted values r 6 Workspace register 0 contains the value to be converted The sign parameter is set to minus if the value is less than 0 and to a blank if the value is greater than O The converted values parameter is the decimal ASCII equivalent of the b...

Page 103: ...f the resultant value is outside the range 32 768 to 32 767 3 5 3 4 Binary to Hexadecimal ASCII The Binary to Hexadecimal ASCII supervisor call con verts binary data to hexadecimal ASCII character code The parameter block contains six bytes Supervisor call code C Calling arguments 1 ST BYTE 2ND BYTE o c I 2 value 4 Workspace register 0 contains the value to be converted The value parameter is the ...

Page 104: ... program Typically most programmers efforts are expended on these techniques Programming effort devoted to avoiding errors or making them apparent is important Debugging and maintenance represent the majority of the cost in software development and support The following paragraphs briefly discuss debugging in general and the specifics of debugging under PX9MTP 3 6 1 GENERAL DEBUGGING TECHNIQUES Se...

Page 105: ...program can often tum up errors which are hard to detect when the program is executing In addition to making sure that the program is a correct implementation of the algorithm it is often worthwhile to read through the program looking for specific errors Register errors Using the wrong register referencing a register not in the current workspace using a register as an immediate value e g AI RI R2 ...

Page 106: ...ebugged at a specific location in the program 1 Set an instruction count on the RUN command 2 Execute with the single step option under instruction trace 3 Set appropriate breakpoints Breakpoints stoop execution at specific points in the user programratlier than at arbitrary points controlled by the instruction count The user may easily determine in advance and check the results of a computation w...

Page 107: ...event a large quantity of output where it is not wanted An alternate mechanism is to allow the small loops to be executed by SIE and the remaining prQgram traced See figure 3 2 This can be done by setting trace regions to cover all of the program except the small loops or frequently executed parts Such a mechanism works well unless the user is using XOPs other than XOP 15 for PX9MTP I O or interru...

Page 108: ... level The BLWP transfers control through the interrupt vector The quantity i is the value to which INTLVL is equated 3 6 3 PATCHING Patching attaching portions of code to existing program code should be avoided if possible During a debug session it is generally necessary to make patches to object code however it is advisable never to leave patches in a completed program or create ROM firmware fro...

Page 109: ...te instruction The MOV instruction is a word instruction therefore this field is set to O The B field is always 0 for a MOV instruction Another way of specifying the same information would be to use the MOV or MOVB instruction as appropriate and a four bit op code The D field specifies the destination workspace register The destination address is R2 which indicates workspace register 2 and the wor...

Page 110: ...truction word Recall that the values for the addressing modes and workspace registers in the previous examples were Destination mode Td 3 Destination register D 2 Source mode Ts I Source register S 1 In calculating the patch value by the additive m thod these values are used The first number in the calculation is the hexadecimal op code for the MOV instruction COOO The B field is always 0 in the M...

Page 111: ...on about symbolic and indexed memory addressing 3 6 3 4 Branch Distance Calculations for Jump Instructions The signed displacement in an Unconditional Jump JMP instruction is a two s complement eight bit number which represents the number of words to skip forward or backward from the current PC the PC points to the instruction following the jump instruction To calculate the displacement for a jump...

Page 112: ...convenient to patch a spin branch to itself into a location to intercept control in unexpected situations the alternate path of a conditional jump for example That instruction is a JMP to itself and is a value of I OFF16 The corresponding assembly language code is JMP Unwanted instructions can be replaced with a no operation NOP which is a JMP to the next instruction The value for an NOP is 100016...

Page 113: ...rogram for editing source and object programs The following paragraphs provide a brief general description of the program list and describe the Text Editor commands and explain the messages printed by the program PX9EDT executes in a Model 990 4 microcomputer or 990 10 minicomputer configured for the 990 733 ASR System Software or 990 Prototyping System This configuration includes the Model 990 4 ...

Page 114: ... uses the PX9MTP Execute User Program Directly EX command to begin execution of PX9EDT PX9EDT accepts input from logical unit number 7 and writes its output to logical unit number 8 To use other than system defaults the PX9MTP Assign LUNO AL command should be used before the EX command is ent ered Refer to the discussion of logical unit numbers in Section II and the discussion of the AL command in...

Page 115: ...inted mount and ready the cassette tape to be copied input in the cassette drive assigned to LUNO 7 usually CSI and mount and ready a scratch cassette output in the cassette drive assigned to LUNO 8 usually CS2 When a is printed the user enters the quit command Q The input tape is copied to the output tape until an end of file is encountered The following messages are printed END EDIT TERM CONT If...

Page 116: ... a displacement from the pointer Only data in the buffer may be edited therefore it may be necessary to move data from the buffer to the output file to leave more space in the buffer so that additional line may be read from the input file or entered from the keyboard The Keep K command writes a specified number of lines from the buffer to the output file The number of lines specified by the Keep c...

Page 117: ...d The user responds with a C for continue TERMINATE CONTINUE C The initial tape positioning message is printed The user repositions the file or replaces the original input file with the next one to be copied and repeats the above procedure until all mes have been transferred When all the records of the last file have been transferred the user enters the Q command instead of the E command Q END EDI...

Page 118: ...native to using the Keep c ommand to write the correct portion of the program is to use a Down command to position the pointer for correction of the error leaving the fIrst three lines in the buffer The next command and the associated entries are as follows C CLR RO 11 INC RO JNO J1 D1 DEC RO JNE D1 JMP 11 END START The C command deletes the error line and accepts seven lines of source code The ex...

Page 119: ...e assembler then writes an end of file on the output object tape 4 5 COMMANDS The 18 commands of PX9EDT include setup commands pointer commands edit commands print commands and output commands 4 5 1 GENERAL The four setup commands initialize the edit operation The group includes commands to enable or inhibit printing of line numbers to set the right margin for printing and to set left and right li...

Page 120: ...gle brackets enclose items supplied by the user Brackets enclose optional items Braces t enclose items between which a choice must be made one but only one of the items must be included Items in capital letters and punctuation marks must be entered as shown The syntax definitions and examples shown in this manual do not show spaces between the characters of the two character commands between the c...

Page 121: ...e SM command is as follows SM S t The Find command scans from colunin s to column t The SMcommand may be entered to limit the Find command to a desired field The default value for the scan limits is froin column I to column 72 The following example shows an SM command that limits the scan of subsequent Find commands to columns 8 through 25 SM8 25 4 5 3 POINTER COMMANDS The pointer commands may be ...

Page 122: ...inter up to a specific line in the buffer The following example shows a U command to move the pointer up 6 lines U6 4 5 3 3 Top T The Top command causes PX9EDT to move the pointer to the top line in the buffer The syntax for the T command is as follows T 4 5 3 4 Bottom B The Bottom command causes PX9EDT to move the pointer to the bottom line in the buffer The syntax for the B command is as follows...

Page 123: ... 5 4 3 Move M The Move command moves a specified block of lines to a specified location and deletes the lines at the previous location The block is specified by first and last line numbers or by a number of lines preceding or following the pointer The location is specified as a line number or as the pointer The syntax for the M command is as follows Line s through line t are moved or n lines with ...

Page 124: ...her or not to substitute the string In all cases the command prints the count of matching lines found The block is specified by first and last line numbers or by a number of lines preceding or following the pointer The syntax for the F command is as follows I s t l ILl P I F n IF dl Stringl dl t d2 String2 d2 V P Line s through line t are scanned or n lines are scanned When n is preceded by a minu...

Page 125: ...he scan c o n t i n u e s _ When the specified lines have been scanned PX9EDT prints the number of lines in which a match was found The general rule of PX9EDT which allows spaces between characters or operands does not apply to stringI and string2 Any spaces between the characters represented by dl are considered part of stringl and any spaces between the characters represented by d2 are considere...

Page 126: ... by entering an ESC character at the keyboard PX9EDT then prints a question mark and awaits input of another command 4 5 6 OUTPUT COMMANDS PX9EDT provides two commands to write source or object code and one command to end execution of PX9EDT The Keep command writes the entire buffer or specified lines from the buffer The Quit command writes specified lines from the buffer the entire buffer or the ...

Page 127: ...f file is not written The syntax of the E command is as follows E The End command is often used to generate stacked modules without ends of file between them In this case the End command can be used following appropriate Keep commands to write the output file 4 6 MESSAGES PX9EDT prints error messages and warning messages The messages are described in the following paragraphs 4 6 1 ERROR MESSAGES T...

Page 128: ...le until the program restarts When the negative displacement from the pointer line in a C M R F or P command is greater than the number of lines in the buffer ahead of the pointer line PX9EDT prints the following message OFF THE TOP After printing the message PX9EDT executes the command beginning with the top line of the buffer When the positive displacement from the pointer line in a C M R F or P...

Page 129: ... and the first command are as follows PX9EDT PART REV DATE ADD4K MEM BLOCKS CONFIGURED POSITION TAPES ENTE R CR D117 The D command moves the pointer down 117 lines and PX9EDT reads in the source file to fill the buffer as dermed by the D command A smaller value could have been used to read part of the file followed by a subsequent D comn land to read the remainder Had a lirger value been entered P...

Page 130: ...y that it is on the proper line The next command and the resulting printing is as follows P 13 0111 0112 0113 0114 0115 0081 0082 0083 0084 0085 0086 0087 0116 UP2 MOV R10 R10 JNE UPl BL ATTOP MOV DUMNXT TMLOC JMP UP3 ROUTINE COMMON TO UP AND DOWN UDCOM1 MOV RTN R5 BL SCANOP INC UDCNT MOV UDCNT UDCNT JEQ EXIT B R5 The P command prints the 13 lines preceding the pointer line and the result shows th...

Page 131: ... RTWP YIN Y 0080 EXTDWN RTWP 0086 JEQ EXIT YIN N 0004 FOUND The F command fmds the first appearance in a line of the string EXIT in lines I through 46 Remember that line 46 is now the last line i e after line 116 The entire buffer is scanned because the top line in the buffer is line I and the bottom line is line 46 Line numbers greater than 46 between lines I and 46 are also scanned The replacing...

Page 132: ...the desired line The C command changes line 68 to the line entered with the command One or more consecutive lines may be deleted by a C command and any number of lines including zero lines may be added The number of lines added does not have to be equal to the number of lines deleted The added lines have no line numbers The last command and the final message are as follows QO END EDIT The Q comman...

Page 133: ...use workspace register 1 to use workspace register 7 instead to change an instruction and to add an instruction The initialization message and the first command are as follows POSITION TAPES ENTER CR SN The SN command is a setup command that inhibits printing of line numbers When line numbers are printed printing of an object record may be truncated because of the length of the print line The next...

Page 134: ...ion and printing provides control and documen tation of the changes The next command and the resulting interaction are as follows F1 6F 7F151 VP AO OD6BCOAOCO OCRB 04C 3 8C 16 OC li CCBC1A OC OODOBC IF2B 02 37B 3AO OA OOECBD2217F151 F j N Y AOOD6B DAO DO AB04C 3BC 160C 0 OCCBC 1AOCO OD OBCl F2B J2 37B 3Ft OOAO OECB 0221 F 0001 FOUtlD The F command scans for the character string 7F151 which is a ch...

Page 135: ... line to modify the number of words of relocatable code in the program If this is not done and another module is loaded following this module without specifying a load address for the subsequent moduie the subsequent module will overlay the instruction that was added The pointer line is also changed to delete the checksum The last command and the final messages are as follows 700 END EDIT The Q co...

Page 136: ......

Page 137: ...nly The assembler maintains a location counter as it reads the statements and assigns a location counter value to a label symbol in the label field The assembler builds a symbol table using these symbols and the assigned values The assembler also evaluates the expression in the operand field using the values in the symbol table for any symbols in the expression Then the assembler assembles the app...

Page 138: ...bject PX9ASM accepts input source from logical unit number 7 outputs the listing to logical unit number 6 and outputs the loadable object to logical unit number 8 Under PX9MTP the following default logical unit number assignments have been made Logical Unit Number 6 7 8 Device LOG CSt CS2 If other assignments are required the Assign LUNO AL command of PX9MTP should be used For example to assemble ...

Page 139: ...in the program and to control the assembly process The PX9ASM assembler supports the 19 directives listed in Appendix D The syntax definitions and detailed descriptions of these directives are in the Model 990 Computer TMS9900 Microprocessor Assembly Language Programmer s Guide Manual No 943441 9701 5 5 2 PSEUDO INSTRUCTIONS A pseudo instruction is a convenient way to code an operation that is act...

Page 140: ...mum of 135 symbols in a 4K memory allocation with no predefined registers and 125 symbols in a 4K memory allocation with predefined registers RO through R15 When the assembler is unable to continue because the area of memory available for symbols and forward references has been filled the assembler prints the following message ABORT The user may divide the program into two or more modules and asse...

Page 141: ...e IDT REF DEF DXOP EQU and END directives leave the location counter field blank The third field contains the hexadecimal representation of the object code placed in the location by the Assembler C820 in the example The apostrophe following the third field of the second line in the example indicates that the contents OI2B is relocatable All machine instructions and the BYTE DATA and TEXT directive...

Page 142: ... the Model 990 computer or may be loaded into the computer directly Standard 990 object code consists of records containing up to 71 ASCII characters each The format described in the next section permits correction using a keyboard device Reassembly to correct errors is not always necessary The object code format is discussed in Section VI 5 6 Digital Systems Division ...

Page 143: ...embler then fills the rest of the record with blanks and begins a new record with the appropriate tag character Tag character 0 is followed by two fields The first field contains the number of bytes of relocatable code and the second field contains the program identifier assigned to the program by an IDT directive When no IDT directive is entered the field contains blanks The loader uses the progr...

Page 144: ...ecksum for None Checksum current record 9 Load address None Absolute load address A Load address None Relocatable load address B Data None Absolute data C Data None Relocatable data D Load bias value None Load point specifier F None None End of record G Location 6 character symbol Relocatable symbol definition H Location 6 character symbol Absolute symbol definition Not supplied by assembler Tag c...

Page 145: ...ocatable addresses 029E 029A and 0298 absolute addresses BOOE BOOA B006 and B002 and relocatable addresses 0290 and 028E Each location points to the preceding appearance except for location 028E which contains zero The zero identifies location 028E as the first appearance of EXTR the end of the chain Tag characters 5 and 6 are used for external definitions Tag character 5 is used when the location...

Page 146: ...d when the symbol table option is specified with other 990 assemblers Tag character G is used when the location or value of the symbol is relocatable and tag character H is used when the location or value of the symbol is absolute The first field contains the location or value of the symbol and the second field contains the symbol to which the_ location is assigned The last record of an object cod...

Page 147: ...oad address and data words preceded by tag characters When the record is full or all changes have beenwritten write tag character F to end the record When additional memory locations are loaded as a result of changes the user must change the hexadecimal field following the tag character 0 that contains the number of bytes of relocatable code For example when the object file written by the assemble...

Page 148: ...tag dependent bytes which may identify subsequent data An extended tag with two characters has a six bit count as the second byte ASCII CHARACTER EEE A 133108 TAG 100 101 1 10 1 1 1 P ASCII CHARACTER A THREE CHARACTER STRING DATA BYTE B CHARACTERS AFTER MAPPING MEANIN ABSOLUTE DATA WORD 16 BITS ABSOLUTE DATA BYTE 8 BITS ABSOLUTE LOAD ADDRESS EXTENDED TAG BIT FIELDS PARITY BIT BIT ALWAYS SET TO ONE...

Page 149: ...T BIT ALWAYS SET TO ONE TAG COUNT NUMBER OF BYTES OF DATA NOTES 1 FOLLOWED BY CHARACTERS OF NAME BYTE 2 IS THE NUMBER OF CHARACTERS IN THE NAME UP TO A MAXIMUM OF 17 2 FOLLOWED BY ABSOLUTE DATA TAG AND 16 BITS OF DATA IN THE BASIC FORMAT 3 WHEN THE SEQUENCE OF IDENTICAL INORDS IS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE DUMP A REPEAT COUNT IS COMPUTED SO THAT THE DATA NEED NOT BE REPEATED BYTE 2 IS THE NUMBER OF ID...

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Page 151: ...ng EPROMs Programming examples 7 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The PROM Programmer software module PROMPG controls the PROM Programming Module used with the 990 Computer Family It provides flexible user control of the programming process as well as standardized programming options PROMPG operates on a prototyping system containing a 990 4 Computer 733 ASR Data Terminal and a PROM Programming Module This s...

Page 152: ...rted configurations 7 2 3 PROGRAMMING STANDARD VERSUS NONSTANDARD DATA CONFIGURATIONS The control information needed to transfer data between memory and PROM may be supplied in one of two ways By reading the information from the Standard Control Information Cassette By specifying the information through the PROM programmer keyboard commands Standard data configurations are those configurations whi...

Page 153: ...OMPG object code and enter this command on the terminal keyboard PL o luno 0 bias where luno is the logical unit number of the cassette drive on which PROMPG is mounted and bias is the load address for the extension The default LUNO value is 7 If the bias is not given the PX9MTP loader loads the extension into the top of user memory at default bias lC8016 When the PL command is issued the overlay ...

Page 154: ...se width in milliseconds to be used in programming PROMs The number of retries refers to the number of times PROM programming is to be retried using the specified pulse width if a programming failure occurs The programming cycle includes the programming time and a delay time The duty cycle is the percentage of the total time that the programming pulse is on The typical duty cycle varies between 16...

Page 155: ...y levels I and 2 Bit increments and bit displacements on level 2 and 3 are used to determine the initial addresses of the bit strings defined by level one The number of iterations on levels 2 and 3 are used to determine the number of times to repeat the bit string pattern This three level looping scheme is analogous to FORTRAN nested DO loops with level one defining the innermost DO loop and level...

Page 156: ...he memory words to PROMs II III and IV respectively These bit displacements will select the 4 bit strings beginning at bits 416 816 and C16 ofeach 16 bit memory word The mapping parameters in this example define the level one looping Level two and three looping are not used in this example since the pattern defined by the level one looping is not repeated 7 4 5 EXAMPLES USING ONE TWO AND THREE LEV...

Page 157: ...to be the second four bits of memory address 010016 The third and fourth bit strings are determined similarly Consider what would happen if the user decided to select similar strings from 32 words of memory memory beginning with address 010016 By changing the number of iterations to 128 4 X 32 and beginning with address 010016 consecutive four bits of each word could be selected The parameters nee...

Page 158: ...us example only selects 128 four bit strings the first 128 words and the last 128 words of the PROM could be programmed with the same data from memory The PROM data configuration is standard and the control information can be read from the Standard Control Information Cassette The memory data configuration would have the following parameters Loop level Bit increments I Number ofiterations 1 Initia...

Page 159: ...or astandard PROM or memory configuration Parameter default value Iicharstring 2 is not specified it is omitted Description This command is used to input the control infonnation for the standard memory and PROM data configurations The user may specify a search of the tape for both memory and PROM control infonnation to be used in the programming process or may specify a search for only memory or P...

Page 160: ... searched for records containing the control information for memory configuration MS287 0 and PROM configuration S287 7 5 2 PROM PROGRAMMER PP The PROM Programmer command is followed by PROM Programmer subcommands and allows the operator to control the PROM programming process Syntax definition PP b subcommand The command is terminated by a carriage return The command is followed by a subcommand a...

Page 161: ...empt to reference a bit string out of these memory bounds during a programming cycle will cause an error The lower bound is used as a starting address for the data confIguration When the PROM programmer is loaded the lower and upper bounds default to 0 and FFF16 respectively Error messages PPO1 Required parameter missing PP04 Invalid address The upper bound is less than the lower bound Example PP ...

Page 162: ... the default values of the lower and upper bounds are 0 and FFF16 respectively If only standard PROM ROM configurations which always begin at address 0 are being used the RB subcommand is not needed The programming cycle will stop when the region defined by the mapping parameters has been satisfied Error Messages PPO1 Required parameter missing PP04 Invalid address The upper bound is less than the...

Page 163: ...es TS The Set Toggles subcommand sets numeric parameters that inform the control software of the actions to be taken These numeric parameters are known as toggles The selected actions are not actually initiated until the PP GO command is entered Syntax definition PP tJ TS tJ mem diSP1 tJ prom diSP1 tJ transfer tJ compare Parameters mem disp prom disp transfer Value that specifies whether memory bi...

Page 164: ...No display mem disp prom disp transfer compare 0 0 1 I PROM is to be programmed from memory Compare bit strings in memory to PROM or ROM Description The toggle parameters specify the action to be taken when the GO subcommand is entered If the memory display toggle is set the memory region specified by the memory bounds bit string width and the mapping parameters lsdisphlyedin the following forinat...

Page 165: ... and PROM or ROM contents which failed to compare The user may terminate any display by pressing the escape ESC key Control of the program returns to the monitor Also if the transfer toggle is set to 3 to Save control information on the Standard Control Information Cassette and the user decides not to ave the information the user may reply to the PROM Programmer questions MEM ID or ROM ID with an ...

Page 166: ...is example the transfer toggle is set to load memory from PROM or ROM and to compare memory to the PROM or ROM No compare errors were found in this example 7 5 3 5 Go GO The Go subcommand initiates the programming cycle specified by the Set Toggles TS subcommand Syntax definition PP t GO Description When the GO subcommand is entered the memory and PROM ROM control information is checked and the pr...

Page 167: ...gs to be used in the programming cycle for the level specified by the level n parameter Hexadecimal number Initial bit displacement used to determine the starting bit address of the first bit string to be used in the programming cycle for the level specified by the level n parameter Hexadecimal number Parameter default values If imn is not specified a value of 0 is used If mmn is not specified a v...

Page 168: ...message PP02 Parameter value outsid the permissible range Examples PP MI 1 10 100 4 PP MI 2 O 2 The first example defines the mapping parameters as follows Loop level Bit increment Maximum iteration count Bit displacement 1 1016 1610 10016 25610 4 The second example defines the mapping parameters as follows Loop level Bit increment Maximum iteration count Bit displacement 2 0 2 0 default 7 5 3 7 D...

Page 169: ...s of a configuration input from the Standard Cassette The PROM ROM data configuration mapping parameters are explained in paragraph 7 4 4 and Appendix F The command parameters im mm and dm correspond to IRn MRn and DRn in the computations in Appendix F If two or three level data configuration mapping has been used and the user wishes to specify another data configuration using only level one mappi...

Page 170: ... Hexadecimal number high or low Value that specifies whether high or low logic level output conditions are to be programmed The value is 0 if low and is 1 if high Required parameter pwl Normal pulse width to be used for programming The pulse width is entered as an index value between 1 and 6 obtained from a table in Appendix G Required parameter retries Number of times programming is to be retried...

Page 171: ...bit string to be physically transferred into the PROM at a time In most cases with the exception of the erasable programmable read only memory EPROM only one bit should be programmed at a time As the number of bits is increased the reliability of the programming process decreases When programming EPROMs the entire bit string is programmed at once For a description of the EPROM programming process ...

Page 172: ...t Program 1 bit at a time default 7 5 3 9 Define String Width SW The Define String Width command informs the control soft ware of the width of the bit strings to be transferred between PROM ROM and memory displayed or compared to other bit strings Syntax definition PP t SW b width Parameter width The number of bits per bit string A number in the range 1 to 8 Required parameter Description This sub...

Page 173: ... on cassette PROMPG now responds with ROM ID and awaits the user s reply The user s reply is a name identifying the control information for the present PROM ROM data configuration Again the user may indicate with only a carriage return his desire not to retain the present ROM configuration s control information on cassette PROMGP copies the information from the current Standard Control Information...

Page 174: ... programming cycle for an EPROM repeats many times the display toggles defined by the TS subcommand should not be set during the programming cycle since the memory or PROM data will be printed for each repetition Therefore to program compare and display the process must be done in two steps First the toggles must be set to program After completion of programmi 1g the EPROM the toggles may be set t...

Page 175: ...ode to be programmed into PROM is assembled with an absolute origin of FE0016 but the user wants to load it at location 20016 he should enter a load point of 40016 The load bias entered is not used since the object code is absolute Code assembled with a relocatable origin RORG directive is loaded at the relocatable address determined by the directive plus the load bias plus the load point MEMLOC R...

Page 176: ...configuration MS287 0 S287 Memory configuration initial bit displacement equals 0 PP MB 7AO 99F Memory bounds 7AO 99F PROM bounds default to 0 and FFF16 PP GO Program PROM I The toggles were defaulted to program PROM and compare when PROM programmer was loaded by PL Change the PROM PS MS287 4 PP GO Change the PROM Load standard memory configuration MS287 4 with initial bit displacement equal to 4 ...

Page 177: ...tte Refer to figure 7 3 PS S288 MS288A Standard Control Information for ROM PROM configuration S288 Standard Control Information for memory configuration MS288A This configuration has an initial displacement of with a bit increment of 8 bits and a bit string width of 8 PP MB 40 5F Beginning memory address 4016 Ending memory address SF16 PP CS 1AO CRU ROM interface base address lAO I6 PP TS O O 1 1...

Page 178: ... 0 t t I I I I 2 I I I I I I I I I I PROM II I I II I II I I 1E I I I II II 1F Figure 7 3 Mapping Example 2 0 1 2 FF BIT DISPLACEMENT I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I II I PROM MEMORY ADORES S rO ____ __ T o 2 4 1FE Figure 7 4 Mapping Example 3 7 28 MEMORY Digital Systems Division ...

Page 179: ...ddress 12016 Load memory from PROM 7 7 4 EXAMPLE 4 This example is in several parts a Program a 512 by 8 EPROM from a 256 word block of memory beginning at memory address 8016 Assume CRU base address 12016 unchanged from previous setting Position the Standard Control Information Cassette Refer to figure 7 5 PS ME2704A E2704 Standard Control Information for memory configuration ME2704A Standard Con...

Page 180: ...level looping Compare PROM and memory c Display PROM programmed in a PP TS O 1 0 0 PP GO Display PROM NOTE Because of the nature of programming the EPROM the EPROM should be compared to memory only after the programming cycle has ended by resetting the toggles and initiating the compare as in b and the comparison of the PROM to the memory configuration used to program the PROM Refer to paragraph 7...

Page 181: ... times PP R I 1 4 400 Level one PROM mapping Increment 4 bits 1024 times PP SW 4 Program 4 bits at a time PP MB 200 9FE Beginning memory address 20016 Ending memory address 9FE16 PP RB 0 3FF Beginning ROM address O Ending memory address 3FF16 PP RC 4 1 1 8 14 1 ROM Characteristics ROM word width of 4 bits Program high logic level outputs Normal pulse width 1 8 retries 20 duty cycle Program 1 bit a...

Page 182: ... to paragraph 7 4 5 Mount the Standard Control Information Cassette on the device assigned to LUNO 7 Mount the scratch cassette on the device assigned to LUNO 8 PP M 1 1 10 400 0 PP TS 0 0 3 0 PP GO MEM ID MOB4 ROM ID ROB4 Change displacement back to O Set toggle to save information Program replies with MEM ID Program replies with ROM ID ROM identifier Tape I O occurs Example 2 may now be run repl...

Page 183: ...tor card to make them appear as a 512 X 4 device Refer to figure 7 7 Assume that this programming sequence is not standard Command PP MI 1 6 3 PP MI 2 10 8 PP MI 3 0 10 PP RI 1 4 180 PP SW 4 Commentary Level one memory mapping go across word Increment 6 bits 3 times Level two memory mapping step from word to word Increment 16 bits 8 times Level three memory mapping provide repetitions of memory da...

Page 184: ...nding memory address PP RB O 17F Beginning ROM address Ending ROM address PP RC 4 O 1 8 1 ROM characteristics ROM word width 4 bits Program low logie level outputs Normal pulse width 1 8 retries uty cycle 25 default Physically program one bit at a time PP GO I 7 34 Digital Systems Division ...

Page 185: ... ADDRESS O rr r r7 r 2AO 6 C 3 A 133380 2A2 2AE o 17 18 I 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 1 2 24 1 2 24 r REPETITION 1 REPETITION 2 REPETITION 16 1 7Fr ____2_4___ Figu 7 7 Mapping Example 7 7 35 7 36 6 9 12 MEMORY 15 18 21 24 Digital Systems Divis of ...

Page 186: ......

Page 187: ...I B xxxx xxxx F B XXXX XXX F I I first 8 bit byte sixth 8 bit byte of P s and N s of P s and N s The decimal byte address is th eaddress of the first byte of information contained on the line It contains no leading zeros and must begin in column 1 Each record contains at most six bytes The Nand P characters represent the bit values 0 and 1 respectively 8 3 BNPF DUMP COMMANDS The commands used by t...

Page 188: ...ired parameter Hexadecimal number end addr Description The memory range is specified by the starting and ending addresses BNPF format the format in which dat is stored on tape is described in paragraph 8 2 This command dumps to the device assigned to LUNO 7 Error messages DP03 MSOS MXOI Dump is larger than 8192 200016 bytes Starting address is greater than the ending address Required parameter mis...

Page 189: ...osition the cassette assigned to LUNO 7 to the first record and enter the DB command and C subcommand Each BNPF formatted byte is reconverted to hexadecimal and compared to the byte in memory If the comparison fails each byte from the cassette and the corresponding byte from memory are displayed with the hexadecimal address Control is returned to the command string processor without printing if no...

Page 190: ... compare errors 8 3 2 3 Load BNPF Formatted Data Module into Memory L The Load BNPF Formatted Data Module into Memory subcommand reads a BNPF fomlatted data module from the device assigned to LUNO 7 converts the data to hexadecimal and stores the data in the memory addresses corre sponding to those on the cassette Syntax definition Error message MXOI Unrecoverable I O error Example DB L 8 4 Digita...

Page 191: ...e following appearance xxx xxx t t yyyy t yyyy t t yyyy beginning ending Inst 4 bit second 4 bit eighth 4 bit decimal decimal word of H s word of H s word of H s address address and L s and L s and L s 3 digits 3 digits The ftrst seven characters of a record must contain the ftrst and last address of the eight data sets described in th remaining columns As an example the ftrst record must contain ...

Page 192: ...OW Format subcommand con verts four bits of each word ofa selected 256 word memory block to HIGH LOW format and writes the converted format to tape _ Syntax definition b b HL D start addr b end addr b bit Parameters start addr end addr bit Address of the first word in the me1 1ory block Required parameter Hexadecimal number Address of the last word in the memory block Required parameter Hexadecima...

Page 193: ... cassette is fIlled with records of Hs until a 256 word format has been created 9 3 2 2 Compare HIGH LOW Format on Cassette to Memory C This subcommand is used to verify that the correct data was written on tape by the D subcommand Syntax definition Parameters start addr end addr bit C start addr t end addr b bit Address of fIrst word in memory block Required parameter Hexadecimal number Address o...

Page 194: ...cted HL C 500 6FE M0502 000u 0000 r0001 0000 1000 MU50b UOUO 0000 T0003 0000 3000 M050A 0000 0000 T0005 0000 5000 MU50E UUUO OOOO T0001 0000 7000 M0512 0000 0000 r0009 0000 9000 M051b UUUU 0000 1000B 0000 BOOO M051R 0000 0000 1000D 0000 DOOO MU51E uuuO 0000 TOOUF OOOO FOOO In this example a number of compare errors are found The relative address of the word on tape its contents and the memory addr...

Page 195: ...drive 1 the left hand drive 2 Execute the program using the EX command or using the RU command for debugging In the concordance program an error is included in the print routine PRTBM so that the user may be exposed to the process involved in creating and debugging a working program The steps in the process are 1 Assemble the source programs and create object modules using PX9ASM 2 Link and load t...

Page 196: ...T PRTBM used in the concordance program are not shown but are printed when the programs are assembled The routines not shown are DRIVER PARSE CTYP CSYM SYMREF and SYMDEF LU 3 C P jA SM 9453 j3 15t lAR 6 ADD 4K MEM BLOCKS CONFIGURED PREDEFINED REG1STERS A M TER l 10 2 Digital Systems Division ...

Page 197: ... on 6 0 108 0008 S S SI IIEF SMF EF PEFVAL Y S FLG E FADP BFLTH COUNT PAGE 0001 PPTE WILL PEAD THE S MBOL TABLE ONE SYMBOL AT AT ME Atm PP I NT THE O r M BOL NfH 1E THE STATEMENT NI lM BEP IHEPE THE SYMBOL I IK DEFINErI AtlIl THE US T OF STATEMENT NU EEPS WHEPE THE SYMBOL lAS PEFEPENCED CALLIN6 SE lUEI CE tID INPUT PAP S IIEF PPTE P EF FST YM m op S lC 15 EO 2 EPU EOU A EOU 2 EOU 4 EOU Eo EOU EOU ...

Page 198: ... l I 00 57 00 36 COFt 0 t 0 1 003S OO I 003A C162 MOl 003C OOrtFt I 05 003 02 i LI 004fl 1 060 4 0204 LI 0044 I i l 0061 1 146 PPTBr EOu 0062 0046 C145 t10V 001 0048 1 EO 0064 0065 004Ft C2A 5 Mm 004C l I Oi 1066 004E C243 MOV 0067 0050 06Afl BL 005 P1 1 6 IF STS y M ii N r M PpTE T BLN U i ltl TS M P2 PC Pl j 1 M YM RO OuTBUF j 1 p fl 1 1 0 P1 p I jo MItEF 1 2 n Pl FFFF PPTB02 1 1 I P 9 DVTE UF 8...

Page 199: ... LINE POIhTEJ S 0066 0076 0068 0203 LI P3 DUTBliF 1E 006A 0077 006C 0204 LI P4 7 006E 1007 0078 0079 0070 PRTB04 EQU ii 005A 150A 005E 1308 0080 Oll70 C155 MOV P5 R5 CHF II I TO hE T PEF 0081 0072 10E9 MP PPTBf l3 0082 0083 0 174 PRTIrO EOIJ ii 0048 1315 0084 0 174 06AfI BL PPNTLN PRINT LAST LINE 0076 0085 00B6 0078 PPTB06 EQU 0087 0078 COA I MOV OiINXTSYM P2 CHAIN TO NEI T SyMBOL 007A 0088 007C 8...

Page 200: ... 0 t t7 I 1 0 8 leO fl Oft OO C 11 81 f OOQE 10Ft 0 1 O Ft2 0600 lOA4 10FB OftAE oriA 1 16 2 tONt IE f lOA lOA If I 1 O AI 01 OilHE t 1 BO 2FEf lOB2 I IP4 045I I F ft 1 4 t 1ft LI LI Pl LI PO OUTBl F BLht 11 EGIU 1 M V j 1 PI DEC P L 11 LN OI PT TPIP TPAILING fLAN S PP NT OUTPUT LINE PP 1TLN EOCI f FPl P 2 ON Ll PO nUT UF 7 LAST JUFFEP PO ITIO Eflt CF P t jIP LAN JtiE P 2 lEe PO ASSUME AT LEAST Dh...

Page 201: ... P1 MOVB ClIST P1 Po LI PO 1 10 elP PI I IV PO F 1 MOVB ilClI 5T I 1 p eLF PI LI PO 11 IIIV PO Pt MOVE i Cl I S T PI P9 MOVB ilCL 1ST P2 P9 PT TE T 11234 56789 lATA OAOIt OUTBlIF BSS 80 PAGE 0005 USE PEPEATED ItIVIDE AtiD lOOt UP 1I0T IErn Itt TRIILE PEMRINDEP IS LAST DIGIT CONVEPT BI TO DEC CP LF 01 54 00 lA EE 0030 00F6 0040 00FE 006A OOFE 008E 00EE 009A 013D OOR8 00ED 013E 0000 0140 OBOO 0142 0...

Page 202: ... 945255 9701 PPINT SYMBOL TABLE 015 OO Ft 14 t07E 14C II I I EPF DPS 10 8 Digital Systems Division ...

Page 203: ...OV command Section III When PX9LAL asks for LD PT LD BI enter a carriage return after each to specify the default values of 0 and A016 respectively In answer to F P LIST enter either F full or P partial The object modules may be loaded from either cassette drive When PX9LAL prints LOAD END enter either L or L7 to load from cassette I or L8 to load from cassette 2 When all of the modules have been ...

Page 204: ...PAJ EM 02 4 PAF SE I E 6 DEFPF 0410 OPNDPP 0414 OPEF PF 04 12 TMT 04 lIS LOFtD EN I II CTYP 1 476 CTYP t 41lE LOA I EN L PRTB 1508 PPTB 0508 LOAD Eti 1 7 k CS y 065 CSY 01 0 2 IS i 06B4 t1 TlOC 06CE Etirr 1I E FS TS 0 8 SY RF 1 IE PEF trlE2 O JFl lE18 LOAI EN I 1 lF t E 8 c MI EF lE 38 lOFt I END ENTP Y lOAn TEP cmn T 10 10 Digital Systems Division ...

Page 205: ...NTER switches to the LINE position Follow the debugging procedure outlined in the computer printout in this paragraph The debugging in this example occurs in PRTBM For descriptions of the individual monitor keyboard commands refer to Section III I ItJUNT S oURCEFDP SSMDEF Dtl A ETTE J PIVE E ECIJTE FFDi iPFtM If F C OOAO IoIF lOOO 1 0 10 CPD S PEFEPH CE DEC 1 1 7 5 PPDCES lABEU FP DCESS DPEl lfjTD...

Page 206: ...ROS S PEFEREN E r Ee 31 197 PRDCESS LABELS PROCESS OPERATORS INSTRUCTIONS y FRDCESS OPERANDS CF OS S F FEPEt ICE OtCoO S r MFOL liEF REFS BI PT 1 FC 05BO WP OI6A ST D002 LOOl AT OUTPUT BUFFEP J tiA 508 EFt UM 05F2 01522 DIFF 041E 01054 1M 5F2 E 2 05F2 0806 4149 1602 1 3 0 32 3 Ot 0 12 2 O I c 12 I 0622 202 1 2020 06 32 202 C 2020 2020 2020 2 21 2020 2020 2020 2020 20 fl 202 e O20 2020 e 1 20 2020 ...

Page 207: ...OF nE RT THE Hl TPUCTIDN S nq 45 I JHICH I IE 11 J T O iEF LA I lITH A E FAH H AtiD Tt1T THAT I IE AF E HE ERr H1j AND 1 RAtiCH f AO TO THE ODE l iE Ht 1E FR Ot1 TO DO THE PATCH HT TMT 45 I HEF E PATCH AI F l 2 LI PO DUTj I_ F B STMT_46 WHEF E STMT_46 THE CODE FOP THE FATCHES IS 146 I IF 00 02 1 002 0200 05F2 0460 0 520 MM 5lC 0 51 02 I 051 I 5F2 MM 1FOO IFOO mO 1F t2 I 0I 1F 04 I I IF06 1 E 1 3 I...

Page 208: ... I c 0 2 I c fie I 1 lc 20EIJ cil2f1 2020 c c o 2 02 2 I L 2 i C 02 I 1 1 22 0 I c 2 II IC I 2 fi r OE I i If I f I c 0 Ii 1 2 2 12 HE BUFFEP AFPEAPS COPPECT PEMOVE THE BPEArpOINT AND PPINT THE PE sr OF THE Mf Ol TAElE CE 1 Pi E E l C c M fiEF Et D EOU IDT 10V PAGE 1 11 P F 4 F o PEF SMIIEF 0 22 WEF OOC 4 SYMIIFI I TIll I 1 I fl2 0027 002 0020 0 1 2 O I 2 iI 24 00 2 0025 0 126 0030 001 0025 00c 6 ...

Page 209: ...SFI IE F ETlIPI 0037 MOV iFSTSY XT YM POINTEP TO FIPST SY Ol E TPY 1 1 38 t PPTf Ol EOl 004 JE I 0041 BL 004 MOV If l4 MOV 0 144 AI 0 14 LI 0046 OV 1 PPTB T ifBUIl Lfi i1tl T YM R2 F 2 1 1 Pl M YI 1 po m tTBuF F l P t 0047 MOV 1 P I 0 48 MOV 1 P I O t4 44 44 PRII IT A SVl 1fiOL IF ONE ET OUTBIJF TO t LAI I S OVE SYMFOL fO UFFEP F EMUVED TO CPEATt EPROP FI I r o 1 S11 5 M COPF E TEIl EF POP P42 4E ...

Page 210: ...01 0001 0002 0004 0005 0006 0007 0008 0009 0010 0011 0012 0013 0014 0015 0016 0017 0018 001 0020 0021 0022 002 3 0024 0025 0026 0027 0028 002 3 00 30 PRTB lA ILL READ THES MBOL TABLE ONE SYMBOL AT A TIME AND PRINT THE SYMBOL NAME 0002 0008 OOOA 0002 0004 0006 001 3 00011 SMSYM S MDEF S MREF REF v AL S r SFLI BFADR BFLTH CCOUNT THE STATEMENT NUM BER InHERE THE S y MBOL InAS DEFINED AND THE LIST OF ...

Page 211: ...MOV R1 RO 004 3 0050 0022 C062 NOV j lSMIIEF R2 R 1 MO E S YMBDL liEF TO OUTBUF 0024 000 3 0051 0026 0281 CI Rl FFFF IF IT E ISTS 002 3 FFFF 0052 002A 13 JEO PRTB02 005 3 002C C2 31 MOV Rl R10 0054 002E 020 3 LI R9 0UTBUF 8 CONVERT BIN TO I1ECIMAL 0 1 30 0055 00 32 06AO BL j lCONV 0034 0056 0057 0036 PRTB02 EG U f PROCESS REFERENCES 002A 1305 005 3 0036 COAO MOV j lN TS r M R2 00 3 3 005 3 003A 16...

Page 212: ...NTERS 00 6 0077 006 3 i 0 LI R3 0UTBUF l 006A 007 3 006C 0204 LI 4 006E ono 007 00 0 i070 Pf TB04 EOU O l 5A 150A 005E 130 01 31 007 0 155 MO l R5 R5 CHAIN TO NEXT REF 00 32 00 2 10E JMP PRTBO 00 3 3 00 34 0074 F RTB05 EGtlJ 004 3 1315 00 35 007 4 06AO BL PRt iTL i PRINT LAST LINE 0076 00 36 00 37 007 3 PRTB06 EOU 00 3 007 3 COAO MO t i T M R2 CHAIN TO NEXT SYMBOL 007A 00 3 007C 312 r 10 f 2 i i x...

Page 213: ...PRINT OUTPUT LINE 0104 0105 0106 0107 010 3 010 3 011 I 0111 0112 0098 PRNTLN EOU 00 2 009 3 0120 00A6 0201 0121 OOAA 6001 0122 OOA C 300 OOAE 0123 lOBO 2FEO 00B2 0124 OOB4 045B 0125 0126 0127 012 3 0129 0130 0131 0132 0133 0134 OOB6 CONV 0034 00B6 LI PO OUTBUF 7 EGlU CB RO i BLANK J iE Pf 2 DEC RO ASSUME AT LEAST ONE CHAI Hi BU Jf1P PRl E J t LI Rl 0UTBUF 3 S f l R I MO R I i I ITCC OUTPUT CHAR C...

Page 214: ...01A 00EE OO 30 00F6 OOAO OOFE 006A OOFE 008E 00EE 00 3A 013II OOA OOEB 013E 0000 0140 OIeOO 0142 OOO 0144 OI EC 0146 0050 00Ie2 01 3E 0148 0000 OOAE 1 148 014A 20 014Ie 00 00 3E 1 14A 014 1 00 1 1 006 014 0010 014 OO 3 3 01C MO R1 0 R2 LI RI 1000 CLR RI DI R0 R1 MOVB iGLIST Rl R9 LI RI 100 CLF Rl DI F O Rl MOVB iCLIST R1 R9 CLR Rl LI RO 10 DI RO R1 MOVE iCLIST R1 R 3 F T CLIST TEXT 012345678 3 IIA...

Page 215: ... 945255 9701 PRINT SYMBOL TABLE 0160 007A 014C 007E 014C 0000 ERRORS PAI3E 0006 END 10 21 Digital Systems Division ...

Page 216: ... PEF lOAf OflD END PAPS E 02 54 LDFtD END L7 CT t PI I 0476 LOFlII END L 7 PRTB 0508 LOFlIvEriIl b 2 CS YI II I fl6S6 LOAD END b LDAD END SYI IRFI I t riElS LOAD ENI SYI IIIFI I 1 E3C LOAD END E ENTRY OOFtO TEP I V DNT7 10 22 Digital Systems Division ...

Page 217: ...ONS PROCESS OPERANDS Y CF D S REFEREt CE 990 lMB jL IEF EF AI 0029 B 00 31 BL 002S CSYM 0027 0028 DEF 102 ft END 0 1 2 EQIJ 002 2 0 124 lIlT 0002 MOV 002 DO Pf I E 0019 PIt 01 25 P3 0026 OO O R4 0025 00 31 9 0026 002 0030 REF 0027 S MDEF 0022 00 9 S MDEF 0024 1001 t 02 I S r MDFM 0002 TITL 0001 10 23 10 24 Digital Systems Division ...

Page 218: ......

Page 219: ... consists of 256 words of 4 bits each In this example the memory configuration will be set up to program from the first 4 bits of each memory word in a 256 word block The memory and PROM bounds are defined with the MB and RB subcommands t LP 3 0 PS M S287 0 2 37 PP MB I lFF pp RB I FF The LP command loads the object code to be programmed into the PROM beginning at memory location O The PS command ...

Page 220: ...rogrammed to see what was programmed into PROM and compare it to the memory data display To display PROM the toggle is set with the TS subcommand PP TS 0 1 0 0 PP 13D ROO 00 00 00 R0004 00 01 ROO 0 3 00 0 0 ROOO 00 OC RO l1 1 00 O l R0014 00 00 R0 I 1 3 I 0 00 ROO 1C 00 I 1 R0 02 O 00 0 1 R0024 00 00 R002 3 00 00 R002C 00 00 ROOO 00 01 RI 005 00 01 ROOO 3 00 00 ROOOD 1 0 03 RI O 11 I 0 0I R0015 00...

Page 221: ...ch word of memory can be programmed into a PROM u ing the following commands to get the control information for memory from cassette and set toggles to program PROMs and compare A new PROM should be inserted before each programming process is initiated PS I M S I 37 3 PP T I I 1 1 PP GO j A similar set of commands can be used to program the fourth four bits of each word of memory PS I t1 S287 C pp...

Page 222: ...f retries Duty cycle Programmable bits 0 2 0 1916 I The user should insert the PROM containing the data configuration to be transferred to memory in the PROM programming module The PROM data may be displayed by setting the toggles to display PROM with the TS subcommand The display is printed when the GO subcommand is entered PP rs 0 l 0 0 PP t 1l oooo 00 00 R0004 00 0 3 R0008 00 OF ROOOC 00 01 ROO...

Page 223: ...memory and each bit string is compared after it is loaded to verify that the correct data is transferred to memory When the data is in memory and is correct it may be programmed into PROM by setting the toggles to program PROM and compare with the TS subcommand The new PROM to be programmed should be inserted in the PROM programming module and the programming process initiated with the GO subcomma...

Page 224: ......

Page 225: ...d with an end of program supervisor call 3 An open supervisor call should be issued before a read or write to a file oriented device 4 All interrupts are handled by the DXIO operating system 5 Absolute code created by an AORG instruction is loaded with the same load bias as relocatable code Code at AORG 0 and RORG 0 are both loaded at the first location of the user s address space A more extensive...

Page 226: ......

Page 227: ...us and workspace pointer The END statement causes the assembler to pass information to the loader about the starting location STRT of the program Figure B 2 is an example which initializes some interrupt vectors and supports five levels of interrupts A routine provided for the real time clock counts the number of seconds since power up Note that if the routine is reused without reloading the progr...

Page 228: ... NE P R9G RAM WI T H9 UT I NIE R RUP T S P RflC E DUR E S E CT I fI N E QU P RfiG RAM fiR I G I N I MI fI P Rl0 HI BIT ALL I NT E R RUP T S WP I WKS P SET I NI T I AL W t J R KS P ACE US E R P R GRAM I DL E END t J F PR GRAM DATA S E CT liN S S 3 2 RE S E RVE ME M t J RY F S R WS K u S E R DAT A END S T RT SET P R t J GRAM E N TRY P t J I NT PROGRAMMED BY CHARGE PAGE Figure B 1 Assembly Language P...

Page 229: ...UAGE CODING FORM OPERAND COMMENTS 13 20 25 31 35 40 45 50 55 I NE I N I T I A L I Z AT I oN F 0 R A S I MP L E S T AND AL oNE RAM WI T H 6 L E VE L S oF I NT E R R UP T S NI T I oNS 0 R E G I S T E R NAME S 1 2 1 2 1 F C 0 C R U ME M ERR B AS E ADDR E S S 1 2 BIT 1 2 I S ME M0 R Y E R R0 R BIT PROGRAMMED 8 1 CHARGE PAGE Figure B 2 Assembly Language Programming Example No 2 Sheet 1 of S 60 OF 0 VI ...

Page 230: ...E L C 0 L E VEL 0 I NT E RR UP T P WE R UP L VL 0 WP L VL 0 P C L E VEL 1 I NT E R RUP T L VL 1 WP L VL 1 P C L E VEL 2 I NT E R RUP T ME M RY E R R0 R ME ME WP ME ME L E VEL 3 I NT E RR UP T L VL 3 WP L VL 3 P C L E VEL 4 I NT E R RUP T L VL 4 WP L VL 4 P C L E VEL 5 I NT E RRUP T R E AL T I ME C L C K RT CWP RT C 0 SET R E L0 CAT AB L E 0 R I G I N DUR E S E CT I 1 N PROGRAMMED BY CHARGE PAGE _ ...

Page 231: ...RUP T S C K6 N T URN N R E AL T I ME CL C K L I MI 5 E NAB L E I NT E R RUP T S US E R P R GRAM L I MI 0 END 6 F P R GRAM RS E T I 0 L E I NT E RR UP T S E RV I C E R UT I NE S L VL 0 P C E QU L VL 1 P C E Q U L VL 3 P C E Q U L VL 4 P C E QU J MP US E R P R V I 0 E 0 S E R VICE R UT I NE ME M RY E RR R S E RVICE R UT I NE ME ME E QU L I R1 2 CRME MR C RU BAS E F R ME M ERR PROGRAM PROGRAMMED BY C...

Page 232: ...C L E A ME M RY E R R _ R US E R I S S E RVICE R UT I NE T I ME C L C K S E RV ICE R UT I NE KE E P C UNT F NUM8 E R F S E C NOS S I NC E P R1 C UNT o WN T I C KS T I L L RT C XI T I F N r A F ULL S E C _ N0 R0 C_ UNT S E C ND R1 1 20 RE SET T I C K I S F 0 R NE XT C L EAR CL oC K I NT E RRUP T RE E NABL E C L C K END _ F I NT E RRUP T S E CT I _ N 3 2 P R 6 RAM W0R KS P ACE 3 2 W R KS P ACE F _ R...

Page 233: ...3 20 25 31 35 40 45 50 R KS P ACE F 0 R R E AL T I ME C L C K I NT E R R UP T RT C WP PAT A 0 S E C NDS wP REG PA T A 1 2 0 T I C KS T NE XT S E C wP REG S S 2 8 U S E R DAT A ND S T RT PROGRAM PROGRAMMEO BY CHARGE A 133105 5 5 Figure B 2 Assembly Language Programming Example No 2 Sheet S of S 55 R 0 ND R 1 PAGE 60 OF C VI N VI VI C l o ...

Page 234: ......

Page 235: ...t are undefined in ASCII Table C 2 lists these characters hexadecimal and decimal representations corresponding Hollerith codes and the corresponding character on the Model 29 keypunch HexadedmaI Value 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 28 2C 2D 2E 2F 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 38 3C 3D Table C l Owacter Set Decimal Value 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 ...

Page 236: ... 4B 75 K 11 2 4C 76 L 11 3 4D 77 M 114 4E 78 N 11 5 4F 79 0 11 6 50 80 P il 7 51 81 Q 11 8 52 82 R 11 9 53 83 S 0 2 54 84 T 0 3 55 85 U 0 4 56 86 V 0 5 57 87 W 0 6 58 88 X 0 7 59 89 y 0 8 SA 90 Z 0 9 Table C 2 Additional Characters Hexadecimal Decimal HoUerith Value Value Character Code Keypunch Character 5B 91 12 2 8 5C 92 0 8 2 0 8 2 5D 93 1 12 7 8 I vertical bar 5E 94 II II 7 8 logical NOT SF 9...

Page 237: ...e Record and file ending characters End of record CR End of file DC3 Character set As shown Except as indicated all characters are automatically echoed as themselves Control character functions 1 BS echoes as LF BS and deletes the last character entered in the user s buffer CTRL H 2 DEL echoes as LF CR and deletes the current input record 3 HT causes a single space to be echoed HT is placed in the...

Page 238: ...T ii 9 I Y i 1010 10 LF uj2 J z j 1011 11 T ESC K k 1100 12 FF r ff0 L I 1101 13 CR t G M J ITI 1110 t 4 h V S N 1 n 1111 15 jYh j0 0 0 CHARACTERS IN BOXES ENCLOSED IN HEAVY LINES HAVE THE FUNCTIONS INDICATED BELOW CHARACTERS IN SHADED BOXES ARE IGNORED CONTROL CHARACTER BEL as HT LF FF CR DC3 ETB ESC DEL CONTROL CHARACTER FUNCTIONS KEYBOARD INPUT X X X X X X CHARACTERS WITH SPECIAL FUNCTIONS I IH...

Page 239: ...k ETX End of text FF Form feed FS File separator GS Group separator HT Horizontal tabulation LF Line feed NAK Negative acknowledge NUL Null RS Record separator SI Shift in SO Shift out SOH Start of heading STX Start of text SUB Substitute SYN Synchronous idle US Unit separator VT Vertical tabulation Not strictly a control character C 2 2 733 ASR TERMINAL PRINTER Refer to figure C l Peripheral devi...

Page 240: ...ntrol character functions 1 HT and FF as well as characters in the range 2016 to 7E16 are stored in the user s buffer 2 ETB is translated to CR and stored in the user s buffer 3 CRindicates end of record CR is not placed in the user s buffer 4 DC3 received as the first valid character ofa record indicates end of file When DC3 is read the block is restarted by performing a block forward End of file...

Page 241: ...nd of file DC3 Character set As shown Control character functions I HT FF and characters in the range 2016 to 7E16 are output as is 2 CR in the user s buffer is translated to ETB and output 3 End of block character sequence is CR LF DC4 DEL These characters are auto matically output to control the cassette and are not user data characters 4 BEL and BS are output unchanged 5 End of file character s...

Page 242: ......

Page 243: ...raph reference to a detailed discussion of the command The syntax is presented in abbreviated form The separator between parameters a blank or comma is not shown and the user must remember that distinct separators must be included to indicate the position of omitted parameters IThe_p rameters used in table 0 1 are explained in the follo Ying list bias bit quant char string CRU addr CRU end addr CR...

Page 244: ...Indicator specifying that end of module tag character and end of file marker will not be written on tape Name of program alphanumeric character string Reference count pass number on which a breakpoint is taken Hexadecimal word or byte for which a search is made Number of a previously defined snapshot Starting memory address Index number of starting element break point snapshot or trace region Regi...

Page 245: ...w FB Find Byte Scans memory under mask to find occurrences of the spec FB Start addr end addr 3 4 28 ified value Search value mask value FW Find Word Scans memory under mask to find occurrences of the spec FW Start addr end addr 3 4 29 ified value Search value mask value HA Hexadecimal Arithmetic Displays sum and difference of two hexa HA value value 3 4 30 decimal numbers The display is in both h...

Page 246: ...mory location and accepts an input to change it Modify Registers Displays the contents of the user s PC WP and ST reg isters and accepts an input value to change each register Modify Workspace Registers Displays the specified register of the work space displayed in the IR command and accepts an input value to be used to change it Load Overlay 1 Disables commands currently in transient area 2 Loads...

Page 247: ...mand Requires the Instruction Trace overlay Set Snapshot Defines a display of registers and memory which may be displayed in response to a breakpoint or an IS command Set Trace Definition Specifies items to be displayed by the trace inter preter Requires the Instruction Trace overlay Syntax SP Start addr end addr SR index no Start addr end addr format index Step control var var var SS index no sta...

Page 248: ... and operands or between operands Spaces may be entered at these points if desired D 4 ASSEMBLER DIRECTIVES The assembler directives for the Model 990 Assembly Language are listed in table D 3 All directives may include a comment field following the operand field Those directives that do not require an operand field may have a comment field following the operator field Those directives that have o...

Page 249: ... specified pOint in buffer To remove a block of lines from the buffer To scan a block of lines from the buffer to locate lines having a specified character string To identify the first and last lines in the buffer To print specified lines from the buffer To write lines from the buffer on the output device To write or complete the output me To terminate execution without completing the out put me S...

Page 250: ...r No labeC DATA expr expr Yes label TEXT string No 2 label DXOP symboC term NA label EQU expr NA 3 label EVEN Yes iabel UNL NA label LIST NA labeC PAGE NA label BYTE wd expr wd expr No labeC END Symbol NA 4 NOTES The expression must be relocatable The minus sign causes the assembler to negate the rightmost character Symbols in expressions must have been previously def1l ed Symbol must have been pr...

Page 251: ...d in the following list base addr bit char string I char string 2 compare dmn drn duty cycle end addr high or low CRU base address for the PROM programming module interface card chassis slot Bit position of the starting bit of a memory or PROM ROM bit string Name of first record of PROM or memory control information Name of second record of PROM or memory control information Value that specifies w...

Page 252: ...bit strings used in the programming cycle in a memory data configuration Number of bit strings used in the programming cycle in a PROM ROM data configuration Number of bits that can b programmed simultaneously Value that specifies whether PROM or ROM bit strings and addresses are to be displayed Pulse width used for PROM programming Number of times programming is to be retried Address of the first...

Page 253: ...3 5 HL Perform HIGH LOW Operation Causes a HIGH LOW dump or data HL Subcommand 9 3 1 comparison L Load BNPF Formatted Data Module in Memory Reads a BNPF formatted DB L 8 3 2 3 data module converts the data to hexadecimal and stores the data in memory MB Define Memory Bounds Specifies the lower and upper address bounds PP MB lower bound upper bound 7 5 3 1 of programming data in memory MI Define Me...

Page 254: ...ration Mapping Parameters Defines control information needed to determine the addresses of bit strings SW Define String Width Define the bit string widths TS Set Toggles Sets numeric parameters that specify actions to be taken Syntax PP Rl level n irn nun drn PP SW width PP TS mem disp prom disp transfer compare Paragraph 7 5 3 7 7 5 3 9 7 5 3 4 0 f lo Ul N Ul Ul 0 l o ...

Page 255: ... or instruction Invalid command Required parameter missing Parameter specification error Invalid hexadecimal number input Parameter value is greater than the allowed maximum Snapshot is already defmed Invalid trace region index CRU bit width parameter invalid Invalid range of registers or memory addresses Breakpoint specification error Syntax error in trace format character string Invalid trace fo...

Page 256: ...d address error Previous load module error Checksum error retry Required parameter missing Value out of range Values required to match do not match Bad address or record not found Hardware malfunction PROM Programming Module off line E 2 Digital Systems Division ...

Page 257: ...increment for each term of the polynomial DMl DM2 DM3 The initial displacement associated DR DR2 DR3 with each term of the polynomial in bits BMA BCA RWW Beginning memory byte address and beginning chip physical word address PROM ROM physical word width Note that the condition 3 IIMM 1 1 1 3 IIMRi must be met namely i I that the algorithm will map an identical number of bit strings in memory as it...

Page 258: ...CMI MOD K MMl CM2 K MMl CM3 K MMI MM2 BMBA 8 BMA DMI CMl IMl DM2 CM2 1M2 DM3 CM3 1M3 10 CONTINUE The second method utilizes nested DO loops to avoid the calculations of CM 1 CM2 and CM3 IMPLICIT INTEGER A Z C C GENERATE ALL BEGINNING BIT ADDRESSES C DO 30 I l MM3 CM3 1 1 DO 20 J 1 MM2 CM2 J 1 DO 10 L l MMl CMl L l BMBA 8 BMA DM1 CM1 1M 1 DM2 CM2 1M2 DM3 CM3 1M3 10 CONTINUE 20 CONTINUE 30 CONTINUE ...

Page 259: ...he number x is used as an exponent to get the multiplier which is 2x Hardware uses the multiplier to produce the corresponding pulse width Table G 2 Minimum Standard and Maximum Pulse Widths and Duty Cycles Pulse Width ms Duty Cycle TTL PROM Types 188A 8188 8288 8287 8387 8470 8471 8472 8473 EPROMs 2704 2708 Minimum I 0 1 Note TTL PROM types have the prefix 8N74 Standard IMaximum Minimum I Standar...

Page 260: ... 16 0 A MS471 O 8 256 0 D MS471 8 8 256 8 D MS471A 8 128 0 A MS472 O 8 512 0 D MS472 8 8 512 8 D MS472A 8 256 0 A ME2704 O 8 512 0 D ME2704 8 8 512 8 D ME2704A 8 256 0 A ME2708 0 8 1024 0 D ME2708 8 8 1024 8 D ME2708A 8 512 0 A Note TTL PROM types have the prefix SN74 Table G 4 PROM Configurations PROM DDn l A1 ___ I n Ulfl uru Length Type Width Words S288 8 32 S287 4 256 S471 8 256 S472 8 512 E27...

Page 261: ... 10 0 0 C 0 0 100 0 0 M MS287A 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 R S287 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 4 0 2 0 19 M MS471 O 8 10 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 M MS471 8 8 10 0 0 8 0 0 100 0 0 M MS471A 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 a R S471 8 8 a 0 a 0 0 100 0 0 8 2 0 19 M MS472 0 8 10 a 0 0 0 0 200 0 a M MS472 8 8 10 a 0 8 0 0 200 0 a M MS472A 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 200 0 0 R S472 8 8 0 0 0 0 a 200 0 0 8 2 0 19 M ME2704 0 8 10 0 0 0 0 0 200 C8 0 M ...

Page 262: ......

Page 263: ... 945255 9701 ALPHABETICAL INDEX Digital Systems Divis on ...

Page 264: ......

Page 265: ...e first character of the string may be a letter all subsequent characters are numbers The first character refers to the section or appendix of the manual in which the paragraph is found Tables References to tables in the manual are represented by the capital letter T followed immediately by another alphanumeric character representing the section or appendix of the manual containing the table The s...

Page 266: ...embly language 733 ASR Data Terminal C 1 TC 1 TC 2 Characters Object Record Tag Characters Special Used by PX9EDT Chassis Computer Clear Breakpoint Command Clear Snapshot Command Clear Trace Region Command Clear Write Protect Region Command Combining Source or Object Files C 2 FC l 6 2 4 4 4 1 2 2 1 3 4 24 3 4 22 3 4 27 3 4 32 4 4 5 Index 2 Command AL Assign LUNa B Bottom C CB Change Clear Breakpo...

Page 267: ...bility of 990 733 ASR System Software with DXlO Appendix A Component Part Numbers TI 2 Compressed Absolute Format 3 4 8 3 4 9 Compressed Absolute Format Loader 1 4 1 2 Compressed Absolute Format Object Code 6 4 Compressed Absolute Format Object Modules Loading 2 5 2 Computer Chassis CPU General Description Memory Computer Also See Hardware Copying from One Tape Cassette to Another CPCommand CPU Co...

Page 268: ... 5 4 5 4 5 2 4 3 4 29 1 4 5 1 4 5 2 11 2 6 4 1 8 2 3 4 8 3 4 9 6 4 2 9 2 6 4 6 1 7 2 1 7 2 4 3 4 29 3 6 1 7 5 3 5 Index 4 HA Command Hardware Configuration PX9EDT Hardware Installation of Operation of Prototyping System Unpacking of Hexadecimal Arithmetic Command Hexadecimal ASCII to Binary Supervisor Call HIGH LOW Dump Commands HIGH LOW Dump Module HIGH LOW Format HL Command HL Subcommands I Comm...

Page 269: ...3 3 4 3 4 4 6 PX9EDT Error Methods Program Loading MI Subcommand MM Command 4 6 1 3 2 2 7 5 3 6 3 4 12 3 4 13 Index 5 Modes Debugging Modify CRU Register Command Modify Memory Command Modify Registers Command Modify Workspace Registers Command Modules Software Monitor Debug See PX9MTP Monitor Keyboard Commands Monitor Operation of Move Command MR Command MW Command No Line Numbers Command Non I O ...

Page 270: ...ted Output Pseudo Instructions Source Code 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 7 5 1 5 5 2 D S TD 4 1 2 5 1 5 5 1 D 4 TD 3 5 6 5 4 1 5 3 5 4 2 5 6 5 7 2 5 4 5 7 5 5 2 D S TD 4 5 7 1 Index 6 PX9EDT 1 4 4 1 4 1 Commands 4 5 Editing Example 4 7 Error Messages 4 6 1 Hardware Configuration 4 2 Initialization Procedure 4 3 2 4 3 3 Loading Procedure 4 3 Messages 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 6 Object Code 4 8 Pointer 4 2 4 4 2 Source P...

Page 271: ... 5 3 8 7 53 7 7 5 3 3 7 5 3 4 7 5 3 9 7 5 3 4 83 2 9 3 2 7 5 3 Supervisor Call Binary to Decimal ASCII 3 5 3 2 Binary to Hexadecimal ASCII 3 5 3 4 Decimal ASCII to Binary 3 5 3 3 End of Program 3 5 3 1 Hexadecimal ASCII to Binary 3 5 3 5 Open 3 5 2 1 Read ASCII 3 5 2 2 Write ASCII 3 5 2 3 Write End of File 3 5 2 4 Supervisor Calls 1 4 2 2 1 4 2 3 3 5 T3 2 I O 3 5 2 Non I O 3 5 3 SW Subcommand 7 5 ...

Page 272: ...cter Set 733 ASR ROM Loader Firmware Loading with 990 Object Code Standard 1 2 2 3 C 2 FC I 1 4 5 2 5 6 2 6 3 Index 8 990 Prototyping System See Prototyping System 990 733 ASR System Software Compatibility with DXIO 990 4 Computer Appendix A 1 2 2 1 Digital Systems Division ...

Page 273: ...Company _________________ Office Department _______ Street Address _____________________________ City State Zip Code __________________________ Please list any discrepancy found in this manual by page paragraph figure or table number in the following space If there are any other suggestions that you wish to make feel free to include them Thank you Location in Manual Comment Suggestion NO POSTAGE N...

Page 274: ...GE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED DIGITAL SYSTEMS DIVISION P O BOX 2909 AUSTIN TEXAS 78769 ATTN TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS MS 2146 FOLD FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO 7284 DALLAS TEXAS ...

Page 275: ... I ...

Page 276: ... TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED DIGITAL SYSTEMS DIVISION POST OFFICE SOX 2909 AUSTIN TEXAS 78769 ...

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