Star Micronics Delta User Manual Download Page 53

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Summary of Contents for Delta

Page 1: ...Delta User s Manual 1 i THE PDWER BEHINDTHE PRINTED WORD ____ NOT INTENDED FOR SALE ...

Page 2: ...hni cian for additional suggestions The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful How to Identify and Resolve Radio TV Interference Problems This booklet is available from the U S Government Printing Office Washington D C 20402 Stock No 004 080 00345 4 A note about the programs in this manual This manual contains several programs that help to dem...

Page 3: ...just for the person who does his own programming but for the first time user or anyone else who prefers to leave the programming to others and simply inserts his store bought programs software into his computer printer sys tem Someone very much like you perhaps You ll find using this manual easy and pleasant We ve gone to great lengths to make it so as it s master minded by solid experts in the ar...

Page 4: ...s applying to your make of computer Remember Delta has both serial and par allel interfaces so there s nothing extra to buy Which leads naturally to a few words of praise for some other special features that make the new Delta so satisfactory to own Features like the high speed leOcharacter per second printout the capability to design your own characters do your own plot ting your own infinite var...

Page 5: ...mmercial Software First some terminology Using Delta with SuperCalc Using Delta with word processors Using this book without learning BASIC Some Basics about BASIC Establishing communications The CHR function Control codes The escape code Some problem codes Printing Text With Delta Changing the print pitch Expanded print Making Delta print darker Some Special Kinds of Text Italic printing Underlin...

Page 6: ...nting to the bottom of the sheet Unidirectional printing Backspace and delete The seven bit dilemma Block graphics characters and special symbols International character sets The macro control code Summary 61 Chapter 7 Creating Your Own Characters Dot Matrix Printing The Print Matrix Defining Your Own Characters Rule 1 Download characters are seven dots high Rule 2 Dots cannot overlap Add up each ...

Page 7: ...ion Graphics If You Have Problems wi h BASIC Summary Chapter 9 Getting It All Together Chapter 10 Maintenance Cleaning Delta Removing the Upper Case Replacing a Fuse Replacing the Print Head 119 123 Appendix A Setting Up Delta 131 Where shall we put it What have we here Removing the shipping screws Removing the packing from inside the printer Installing the platen knob Removing the tractor unit At...

Page 8: ...DIP switch settings for TRSSO TRSSO BASIC Chart program Special character chart program Macro program Bridge hand program Numeral program Download utility program Delta plot program Pie chart program Appendix E Osborne Kaypro and CP M Computers Setting the switches Using MBASIC Program listings Chart program Special character chart program Macro program Bridge hand program Numeral program Download...

Page 9: ...and program Numeral program Download utility program Delta plot program Pie chart program Appendix H DIP Switch Settings Switch Functions Appendix I ASCII Codes Appendix J Character Style Charts Appendix K Function Code Reference Commands to Control Print Style Font style controls Font pitch controls Special print modes Commands to Control Vertical Position of Print Head Line feed controls Form fe...

Page 10: ...ndix 0 The Parallel Interface 293 Functions of the Connector Signals Appendix P Serial Interface Specifications 297 Configuring the Serial Interface Delta s Serial Protocols Serial busy protocols XONlXOFF protocol ACK protocol Index 303 Consumer Response 309 DIP Switch Quick Reference 311 Warranty Inside back cover Command Quick Reference Inside back cover ...

Page 11: ...and bottom margin commands Left and right margin commands Bell commands Some miscellaneous commands Printing direction Eighth bit controls International character set commands International character sets Macro instruction commands Download character definition commands Download character printing commands Mixing download characters with various print modes Calculating nl and n2 for graphics Dot g...

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Page 13: ...ll cover l Components and controls L l Paper selection and loading l Adjusting the gap for different paper thickness I l Self test print out of available characters i Components and Controls First the components You saw most of these when you unpacked your printer Now we ll give you a brief explanation of ...

Page 14: ...older shaft used only with roll paper Tractor unit feeds sprocket feed paper with its drive gear and sprocket units Platen this is the rubber cylinder that carries paper to the print head Now let s take a tour around the controls You ll find that all of the operating controls are on the right side of the printer On off power switch towards the backside This turns on the electricity to your machine...

Page 15: ...glows green when data transmission is pos sible Paper Out lamp glows red when printer is out of paper and stops printing On Line button lets you change the mode from on line to off line When it s on line the printer can receive data from the computer When it s off line you can advance the paper with the form feed and line feed buttons F F button stands for Form Feed When you re off line you can ta...

Page 16: ...fac ing the Delta printer to your particular brand of computer See the _ appendix for directions on doing this 1 Parallel interface connector the place where you hook up your computer to the Delta so they are interfacing and thus able to communicate with each other Serial interface connector this interface allows you to con nect Delta with a computer using serial communications Power cord you know...

Page 17: ... paper against the platen It has two settings F and T Release lever Figure 1 4 The paper release lever has two settings F for friction feed and T for tractor feed The F setting stands for Friction Feed and this setting is always used when running single sheets or roll paper The T position stands for Tractor Feed and is used only with sprocket feed paper F tightens the pressure of the paper against...

Page 18: ...one line at a time and if you hold the button down you ll get multiple line feeds one after the other OK Now let s start 1 Remove the printer cover and tractor unit you can leave the paper guide and paper separator on if you have installed them _ 2 Turn the power switch on 3 Lift up the paper press bar 4 Set the release lever to the F position 5 Insert the sheet from the back side of the platen be...

Page 19: ...d into the two holes that you ll find in the back of the printer On the Delta X the holder attaches the same way but instead of at the middle it s over to one side away from the elec trical power cord The roll of paper is placed on the holder shaft and mounted on the wire rack holder as shown in Figure l 6 Roll paper specs are the same for both Delta 10 and Delta 15 8 wide CVto lO mm thickness and...

Page 20: ...8 Delta User s Manual igure l 6 The roll paper holder is attached to the back of Delta _ Figure 1 7 Inserting roll paper into Delta is similar to loading single sheets ...

Page 21: ...e paper along To install the tractor identify the two snap levers shown in c L Figure 1 8 At the same time identify the two stoppers nickel plated bars over which the hooked or cut out bottom edge of the tractor frame fits OK Now pick up the tractor unit While depressing the two snap levers guide it down to the two stoppers when the hooks i slide over the stopper bars let go of the snap levers to ...

Page 22: ...nual Figure 1 8 Replace the tractor unit by placing the hooks against the stoppers am lower the front into place while holding the snap levers Tractor cover Figure 1 9 Open the tractor covers to expose the sprocket teeth ...

Page 23: ...t individual sheets with the top of the ribbon guide as shown in Figure I ll 13 Now you re ready to roll Replace the printer cover and turn the power switch on Rapid printing Figure I 10 Delta ready to run with sprocket feed paper Bottom feeding Delta 15 The Delta 15 can be loaded with sprocket paper in two different ways either from the back as with Delta lo or through a slot in the bottom To loa...

Page 24: ...ter ide ally on a specially built printer table with a built in slot 5 Open the tractor covers right and left Figure l 9 6 Flip the clamp levers forward This allows the two sprocket units to move freely right and left so you can align them with the holes in the paper 7 Pick up the first sheet and lift it up and through the slot in the bottom of the Delta 15 8 Push the paper up to the front of the ...

Page 25: ...lace the printer cover and turn on the power switch Speedy printing L Figure 1 12 Delta 15 con be loaded from the bock like Delta 10 or from the bottom OSshown here Ribbon Installation Installing the ink ribbon with its two spools is described in detail in Appendix A Just follow the diagrams Adjusting the Gap What s the gap The gap is the space between the print head and the platen Adjusting the g...

Page 26: ...tches The second step illustrated is the one most commonly used for single sheets of paper The lever is straight up in this position 1 You shouldn t encounter any difficulty in getting the right gap setting to fit your paper If necessary experiment you ll soon find the best position for the paper you re using Self Test The self test is a trial run of your beautiful new machine Delta carries a buil...

Page 27: ...ing array of type faces symbols and graphics The sample print out contains characters in the following sizes and type faces all of them stored in the printer s permanent memory igure l 14 The self test gives o hint of what s to come 1 Standard pica type 10 characters per inch 2 Standard elite type 12 characters per inch 3 Condensed type 17 characters per inch 4 Italic pica style 10 characters per ...

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Page 29: ...ws where the cables connect but there s more that you need to know Complete instructions for connecting Delta to many popular computers are given in the appendix Find the appendix that covers your computer and follow the instructions for connecting Delta and for setting the DIP switches If your com puter isn t listed in the appendix then ask your Star dealer which computer that is listed is most l...

Page 30: ...mercial soft ware You made a good choice because Delta is compatible with most commercial programs from word processing programs to spreadsheet programs to accounting programs Many of these programs have a routine for describing your printer These routines are often in installation programs They typically give you a choice of printers or printer types to pick from Some typical descriptions that yo...

Page 31: ...ll see what it takes to use some of Delta s advanced features with commercial software First some terminology Delta knows what to print because it knows how to interpret the codes that the computer sends to it These codes are numbers that the computer sends to Delta Both the computer and Delta know the meaning of these codes because they are a set of stand ard codes used by almost ail microcompute...

Page 32: ...ontrol A etc So there are four common ways of referring to the same set of codes the character or name of the code the decimal ASCII value the hexadecimal ASCII value and the control value For example the code that causes Delta to advance the paper one line is ASCII 10 decimal This code is commonly referred to by all the following names line feed its name LF the abbreviation of its name ASCII 10 i...

Page 33: ...rs per line of pica type or 136 characters of condensed type Delta 15 can print 136 characters per line of pica type or 233 characters per line of con densed type One of the other options on this menu is send setup codes to printer This is how we tell Delta that we want to use condensed print The code to switch Delta into condensed print is ASCII 15 or control O So to switch on condensed type use ...

Page 34: ... italic The code sequence to select italic type is Escape 4 that s two separate characters Entering the 4 is no problem it s a printing character so EasyWriter won t object although in this case it s not going to print The Escape however is a non printing character so it requires special handling To enter the Escape code first enter control 0 hold the Ctrl key while you press the letter 0 Then pre...

Page 35: ...u how the commands are used even if you are not using BASIC Some Basics About BASIC Probably the simplest thing to do with your printer in BASIC is to list a program on the printer But in this world of proliferating microcomputers even this presents a problem It seems that every computer uses a different system of communicating with the printer We are going to tell you about some of the more commo...

Page 36: ...programs on various computers Find the appendix that tells how your com puter works and try it Now that we all know how our computers address the printer let s try listing a BASIC program Load a BASIC program and LLIST it or however your computer does it We ve crossed the first major hurdle learning how to list pro grams on Delta Now we are ready to jump into the world of pro gramming with Delta B...

Page 37: ...es We are going to use it a lot in communicating with Delta Delta uses many of the ASCII codes that don t represent letters and numbers The CHR function gives us an easy way to send these codes to the printer Try this to see how the CHR function works NEW 18 LPRINTCHR 68 RUN That should print a D for Delta If you check the chart in Appendix I you will see that 68 is the ASCII code for D Control co...

Page 38: ...ke it much easier to recognize when we use it A typical escape code sequence starts with ESC which is followed by one or more CHR codes As an example the escape code sequence to turn on italic print is ESC CHR 52 In a program this would look like this NEW 18 LPRINTCHR 27 CHR 52 2 3 LPRINT TESTING RUN Try this program it will print the word TESTING in italic Some of you fast students may have notic...

Page 39: ...ts in this chapter we have to be a little vague because of the differences in computers Nearly all BASICS change some of the ASCII codes between your BASIC program and your printer Some turn CHR lO a line feed into a CHR 13 a carriage return before sending it on Some other problem codes are 0 and 9 through 13 Once again we refer you to the appendix about your computer where some more specific info...

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Page 41: ...I codes as we do in our examples If your computer doesn t use Microsoft BASIC look in the appendix to see what changes you need to make for your BASIC The appendix tells you how to change the short example pro grams and gives complete listings of the longer programs already converted for your computer You have already printed a few lines on your Delta printer Now it s time to start looking at the ...

Page 42: ...ensed pitch allows you to get 136 columns of printing on an 8 inch page You tell Delta which pitch you want to use with the ESC B command The table below shows the three options of this command Pitch Pica Elite Condensed Table 3 l Print pitch commands Characters inch Control code 10 ESC B CHR l 12 ESC B CHR 2 17 ESC B CHR 3 Let s see how these three pitches look Try this program NEW 18 LPRINTCHR 2...

Page 43: ...es can be enlarged to twice its normal width This is called expanded print Try this program to see how it works NEW 18 LPRINTCHR lh THISLINE IS EXPANDED 2 LPRINT BUTTHIS LINE IS NOT T HIS L INlzEI IS E x l aNwER BUT THIS LIME IS NO r Expanded print set with CHR 14 is automatically canceled at the end of the line This is convenient in many applications such as for one line titles Note that you don ...

Page 44: ...t can be combined 18 LPRINTCHR llt EXPANDED PICA PITCH 2 LPRINTCHR 27 B CHR 2 38 LPRINTCHR 14 EXPANDED ELITEPITCH 48 LPRINTCHR 27 B CHR j 58 LPRINTCHR 14 EXPANDEDCONDENSEDPITCH 6 LPRINTCHR 27 B CHR l 79 LPRINT NOWWE ARE BACK TO UNEXPANDED PICA PRINTING Here s what you should get from this program EXF19NRED ELITE PITCH EXPANDED CONDENSED PITCH NOW WE ARE BACK TQ UNEXF ANDED PICA PRINTING Making Del...

Page 45: ...INTING 5 2 LPRINTCHR 27 G 69 LPRINT ANDTHIS IS BOTH AT ONCE 7pI LPRINTCHR 27 H CHR 27 F Run this program The results will look like this THIS IS DOUBLE STRIKE PRINTING THIS IS EMPHASIZED PRINTING AND THIS IS BOTH AT ONCE Line 10 turns on double strike with ESC G and line 20 prints a line of text In line 30 double strike is turned off with ESC H and then emphasized is turned on with ESC E Line 40 p...

Page 46: ...alic letters are letters that are slanted to the right Delta can print all the kinds of letters that we have seen so far in italic as well as the roman standard letters we have been using Italics can be used to give extra emphasis to certain words The command codes to turn italic on and off are shown in Table 3 4 Function Italic ON Italic OFF Table 3 4 Italic commands Control code ESC 4 ESC 5 Use ...

Page 47: ...u CHR a 49 LPRINT v AND THIS IS NOT It should come out like this TtiIS IS UNDERLINED AND THIS IS NOT __ _ _ _ _ In this program underline is turned on in line 10 with ESC CHR l and then off in line 30 with ESC CHR O There s a new little wrinkle in this program though It all printed on one line The semicolons at the end of the first three lines told BASIC that those lines were to be continued There...

Page 48: ...N ESC S CHR O Subscript ON ESC S CHR l Super subscript OFF ESC T Try this program to see them work NEW 18 LPRINT THISLINE USES 28 LPRINTCHR 27 S CHR 3pI LPRINT11 SUPERSCRIPTS 48 LPRINTCHR 27 T 5pI LPRINT AND 6p LPRINTCHR 27 S CHR l 7pI LPRINT SUBSCRIPTS 88 LPRINTCHR 27 T 90 LPRINT t BOTH THIS LINE USES UPER CRxPTa FIND BIU SCRIPT B BOTH Here line 20 turns on superscripts with ESC S CHR O It s turn...

Page 49: ...TO CR LF AFTER 80 CHAR S 110 GOSUB 1 30 3 BUILDINSTRUCTION SET REQUIRED 120 GOSUB20 J PRINTHEADING 130 LPRINT REGULAR 140 GOSUB3000 PRINTFOUR LINESREGULAR 150 LPRINT DOUBLESTRIKE 160 LPRINTDOUBLE STRIKE 170 GOSUB3000 PRINTFOUR LINESDOUBLESTRIKE 180 LPRINT EMPHASIZED 190 EMPHASIZED TRUE 200 GOSUB 3000 PRINTFOUR LINESEMPHASIZED 210 LPRINT DOUBLESTRIKE EMPHASIZED 220 LPRINTDOUBLE STRIKE EMPHASIZED 23...

Page 50: ...ICA NOT ENLARGED 1260 IlllllllllltlllI l ll l lf ll l 1270 TRUE 1 FALSE 0 1280 REGULAR HEADING STRING 27 REGULAR STRING 27 1290 RETURN 2000 r 11l1 lll 111l111llr1l1ll l1l r11lf1111 2010 I 1 2020 1 PRINTHEADING 2030 1 2040 1l 11l111r1111l111ll11ll1 1l11 11l111rlll 2050 LPRINTRESET ALL 2060 LPRINTENLARGED lr NORMAL ENLARGED lr 2070 LPRINTRESET ALL 2080 LPRINTUNDERLINED 2090 LPRINTCONDENSED CONDENSED...

Page 51: ...D TRUE THEN LPRINT GOTO3210 CHECKIF ITALICS 3200 LPRINTUNDERLINED UNDERLINED TRUE G0 0 3070 ELSEPRINTUNDERLINE 3210 IF ITALICS TRUE THEN LPRINTRESET ALL RETURN 3220 LPRINTITALICS ITALICS TRUE GoTo 3060 REPEATWITH ITALICS 3500 111 1l1ll111111ll 1l1ll11ff111ll1ll11l1lflll 3510 1 3520 PRINTAS REQUIRED 1 3530 I 3540 l1l1ll111 rl11ll11llllllllll1ll1lllll11111l1 3550 BLANK STRING 6 32 FOUR DOT 3560 IF E...

Page 52: ... bBcd APcdX v ABcdX vy ABcd CIRcd ABcd h d ABcd v ABcd v ABcd FIEcd e cd fEMF HAS1 ZEDt a ABcd I m m FlBcd FlBcd ABcd I m w IfOUHLE STRIKE EMPHAS I ZEDlr ABcd III m m cSEcd I ABcd I EC Summary Control code ESC B CHR l ESC B CHR 2 ES0 B CHR 3 CHR 18 Function Sets pica pitch Sets elite pitch Sets condensed pitch Sets pica pitch ...

Page 53: ...ESC 4 ESC 5 ESC CHR l ESC CHR O ESC S CHR O ESC S CHR l ESC T Sets condensed pitch One line expanded One line expanded Expanded on Expanded off Double strike on Double strike off Emphasized on Emphasized off Italic on Italic off Underline on Underline off Superscript on Subscript on Super subscript off ...

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Page 55: ...ge In this chapter we will learn how to change the vertical spacing and the length of the page Starting New Lines Up until now the only time we have thought about printing on a new line is when we didn t want it to happen We learned that putting a semicolon at the end of a BASIC line will not end the line of printing So somehow the computer is telling the printer ...

Page 56: ...y carriage return CHR 13 that they send If your version of BASIC doesn t do this then you should turn DIP switch 2 4 on so that Delta will add the line feed for you When you have DIP switch 2 4 on the printer will do the same thing when it receives a carriage return as it does when it receives a line feed If you find that your printer double spaces when it should single space then you probably nee...

Page 57: ... ESC A CHR n changes the line spacing to n 72 of an inch The loop that is started in line 10 increases the value of n the variable I in the program each time it is executed So the line spacing increases as the program continues Line 20 just shortcuts the loop when I 13 since BASIC won t let us send CHR 13 without adding an unwanted CHR lO to it Finally the ESC 2 in line 60 resets the line spacing ...

Page 58: ...NG The program works just the same as before but the line spac ings are just half what they were This is because ESC 3 CHR n sets the line spacing to n 144 inch Here are all the line spacing commands including several shortcut commands for commonly used line spacings Table 4 l Line spacing commands 1Function IControl code I Set line spacing to n 72 inch Set line spacing to nl144 inch Set line waci...

Page 59: ...al line spacing Notice that both line 20 and line 30 end with semicolons This prevents the normal line feed from occur ring The value of n in all three commands ESC A ESC 3 and ESC J can range from 0 to 255 A value of 0 means that there is no line spacing This allows you to print multiple lines in the same position on the page This is useful when you want to overprint graphics and text Moving down...

Page 60: ...n at the end of line 20 Forms Controls We have seen how to control the spacing between lines on a page Delta also has commands that control the placement of printing on the page and even adjust for different size pages Form feed The simplest forms control code is the form feed Form feed is CHIQ 12 and causes the printer to move the paper to the top of the next sheet Try it by changing line 30 to t...

Page 61: ...s A note to TRSSO users CHR 12 is a problem code for the TRSSO To send a form feed command to Delta you must add 128 to it making it CHR 140 Use CHR 140 where we use CHR 12 in these programs Changing the Page Length You may have some computer forms that you wish to use with Delta that are not 11 inches high That s no problem because you can tell Delta how high the forms are that you are using Ther...

Page 62: ...Margins Many programs that use a printer don t keep track of where they are printing on the page This causes a problem when you get to the bottom of a page because these programs just keep on print ing right over the perforation This makes it very hard to read especially if a line happens to fall right on the perforation And if you separate the pages then you are really in trouble Of course Delta ...

Page 63: ...perforations When it s done line 70sends a form feed to advance the paper to the top of the next page Look at the lines that have printed near the perforations Separate the sheets and see if any of the lines have been torn in half These are the problems that the top and bottom margins will solve Now add the following lines to your program Don t forget the semicolons or you won t get quite the same...

Page 64: ...ESC 0 ESC 1 ESC 2 ESC J CHR n ESC a CHR n Function Line feed Carriage return Set line spacing to n 72 inch Set line spacing to n 144 inch Set line spacing to l 8 inch Set line spacing to 7 72 inch Set line spacing to l S inch One time line feed of n 144 inch Advance the paper n lines ...

Page 65: ...Form feed L I ESC C CHR n Set page length to n lines ESC C CHR O CHR n Set page length to n inches j L ESC R CHR n Set top margin start printing on 1 line n I I ESC N CHR n Set bottom margin leave n lines blank ESC 0 Clear top and bottom margins ...

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Page 67: ... that go across the page called horizontal tabs Delta has vertical tabs that go down the page In this chapter we will discover how to use the tabs and margins on Delta When you turn Delta on there are horizontal tabs set automat ically every ten spaces If you start counting at column 1 they are at columns 10 20 30 40 etc It s easy to use these tabs you just send a CHR S to Delta and the print head...

Page 68: ...CHR 137 for a tab command Even this trick won t work for Apple II com puters for they use CHR S for something else entirely Apple users can get some help in Appendix C Now add the following line to your program to set different horizontal tabs 1g LPRINTCHR 27 D CHR 8 CHR M CHRS 24 CHR la ESC D is the command to begin setting horizontal tabs It must be followed by characters representing the positi...

Page 69: ... but you only need to do it once It doesn t make much sense to set up a tab to use only one time There must be an easier way and of course there is The solution is called a one time tab and is ESC b CHR n This command moves the print head n columns to the right It has the same effect as sending n spaces to the printer Setting Lefl and Right Margins Delta s left and right margins work just like a t...

Page 70: ...k like this When you want to reset the margins to the default values you have two choices You can either turn the printer off and back on or you can set margin values equal to the default values This means that you should set a left margin of 1 and a right margin of 80 on Delta 10 or 136 on Delta 15 If you change the pitch of your printing after you set your margins the margins will not change The...

Page 71: ... some vertical tabs of our own Add this line to the program 10 LPRINTCHR 27 P CHR l CHR Z CHR CHR 50 CHR PI ESC P is the command to set vertical tabs Like the hori zontal tab setting command tab positions must be defined in ascending order Our example sets vertical tabs at lines 10 20 40 and 50 Then the CHR ll in each of the following lines advances the paper to the next vertical tab Figure 5 l is...

Page 72: ... n and it causes the paper to advance n lines It doesn t change the settings of the vertical tabs Summary Control code Function CHRW Horizontal tab ESC D nl n2 n3 CHR O Set horizontal tabs ESC b n One time horizontal tab of n spaces ESC M n Set left margin ESC N n Set right margin CHR ll Vertical tab ESC P nl n2 n3 CHR O Set vertical tabs ESC a n One time vertical tab of n lines ...

Page 73: ...we will look at more con trol codes These codes don t fit neatly into any of the groupings that we have studied but they add a lot of capability to Delta So here goes Now hear this You may have heard Delta s bell if you have ever run out of paper And you may have wondered why it s called a bell when it beeps instead of ringing It s a long story that goes back to the early ...

Page 74: ...r to change the paper or to make another adjustment to the printer You can try this by typing LPRINTCHR 7 There are two other codes that affect the bell One disables the bell so that Delta will ignore a CHR 7 and the other turns the bell back on All three codes that affect the bell are shown in the following table Table 6 l Bell commands Function Sound bell Disable bell Enable bell Control code CH...

Page 75: ... if you are running out of continuous paper Delta has the ability to print right to the bottom of the sheet You can disable the paper out detector so that it doesn t stop the printer This will allow you to print to the end of the sheet and even beyond if you are not careful The codes to control the paper out detector along with the other codes that we have just learned are in the following table T...

Page 76: ... that printing in one direction makes NEW l a LPRINTCHR 27 A CHR 7 2 FOR I 1 TO lp 3 2 LPRINT 1 4 2 NEXT I 50 LPRINT LPRINT 60 LPRINTCHR 27 U CHR l 70 FOR I 1 TO l a 80 LPRINT 1 90 NEXT I 100 LPRINTCHR 12 CHR 27 9 Here is what you will get The top line is printed bidirec tionally and the bottom is printed unidirectionally You will have to look hard because there isn t much difference ...

Page 77: ...by sending more than one backspace code Delete CHR 127 also backs up one character but then it erases the previous character it s erased from Delta s buffer not from the paper The following program shows how these two codes work NEW 10 LPRINT BACKSPACE DOES NOT 20 LPRINTCHR 8 CHR 8 CHR 8 30 LPRINT I WORK 40 LPRINT DELETEDOES NOT 50 LPRINTCHR 127 CHR 127 CHR 127 60 LPRINT WORK Here is what this pro...

Page 78: ...ighth bit ON ESC Turn the eighth bit OFF ESC I Accept the ei hth bit as is from ta e computer ESC I Block graphics characters and special symbols Besides the upper and lower case letters and symbols that we are by now familiar with Delta has a whole different set of charac ters that are for special uses These characters include block graphics characters for drawing forms and graphs and special sym...

Page 79: ...get the correct printout by changing line 30 to this 3 TlLPRINT I 1 u CHR 27 CHR I CHR 27 CHR 9 So how are all of these strange characters used Here is a short program that demonstrates how the graphics characters can be combined to create figures If you have a i bit interface add lines 5 and 70 shown below the main listing NEW lpi LPRINTCHR 27 A CHR 6 20 LPRINTCHR 235 CHR 231 CHR 231 CHR 236 30 L...

Page 80: ...languages by changing 11characters that are different for the different languages These sets of characters are called international character sets The control codes to select the international character sets are given in the following table Table 6 5 International character set commands Country U S A England Germany Denmark France Sweden Italy Spain Control code ESC 7 CHR O ESC 7 CHR l ESC 7 CHR 2...

Page 81: ...lling Delta what normal control codes are to be included in the macro Then you can use the macro any time that you want and Delta will do all the things that you included in the macro defini tion You can include up to 16 codes in a single macro You can even use the macro to store a frequently used word or phrase There are two control codes for the macro one to define it and one to use it They are ...

Page 82: ...that we defined contains fifteen Now that you have defined a macro let s see how to use it This program will print one line using several printing style fea tures Then it calls the macro in line 50 When line 60 prints the style is plain vanilla because the macro has reset it 10 LPRINTCHR 27 4 ITALIC 20 LPRINTCHR 27 G DOUBLE STRIKE 30 LPRINTCHR 27 W CHR l EXPANDED 40 LPRINT TESTINGONE TWO THREE 50 ...

Page 83: ... Reset CHR lS Off line CHR 17 On line ESC 8 Paper out detector off ESC 9 Paper out detector on ESC U CHR l Unidirectional printing ESC U CHR O Bidirectional printing CHRW Backspace CHR 127 Delete ESC Eighth bit on ESC I Eighth bit off ESC Eighth bit as is ESC 7 n Select international character set ESC CHR 30 Define macro ESC I Use macro ...

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Page 85: ...And with international character sets and the spe cial text and graphics characters described in Chapter 6 you can print almost any character you can think of But if almost any character isn t good enough for you then it s a good thing you have a Delta printer With it you can actually create your own characters As you ll see in this chapter download characters can be used to print a logo special c...

Page 86: ...inted characters As you can see the capital letters use the top seven wires of the printhead and the descen ders such as the lower case g shown use the bottom seven pins As the printhead moves across the page in either direction that s what is meant by bi directional printing it prints one col umn of dots at a time Each time a dot is supposed to print an electromagnet inside the printhead causes t...

Page 87: ...c ter ROM or in download RAM is constructed on a grid which is six boxes wide by nine boxes high The dots used to print a charac ter can be inside any of the boxes In addition a dot can straddle any of the vertical lines As an example take a look at the enlarged 9 superimposed on the grid in Figure 7 3 As you can see some dots are inside the boxes and some are centered on the vertical lines This i...

Page 88: ...s espe cially useful if you ve always wanted to write a bridge column like Charles Goren 1 n 2 Descender 4 Width 8 16 n2 Descender l 16 Width 32 Format Esc ln n m m 64 Total Figure 7 4 Use this grid or one similar to it to define your own characters You ll notice that Figure 7 4 includes a lot of information around the grid Don t be intimidated we ll explain each item as we come to it in our discu...

Page 89: ...now if your character uses the top seven dots write in a zero next to the word Descender on the layout grid if it uses the bottom seven dots write in a one In our example we ll want the bottom of the heart to line up with the baseline of the other characters so it will not be a descender As shown in Figure 7 5 we ve written in a 0 on our grid Total n Descender Width n Descender l 16 Width Format E...

Page 90: ...e a break and get down to some basic arithmetic That s where the numbers down the left side of the grid come in Notice that there is a number for each row of dots and that each number is twice the previous number By making these numbers powers of two we can take any combi nation of dots in a vertical column and assign them a unique value Some examples will make this clearer As shown in Figure 7 7 ...

Page 91: ...cription for any combination of dots answers Across the top of the grid you ve probably noticed the cryptic labeling of each column ml m2 m3 etc These labels correspond to the labels in the command syntax statement which we ll get to shortly n Descender Width n Descender l16 Width Format Esc ln n2mr m Figure 7 6 Add the values of the dots in each column and write the sum of each column at the bott...

Page 92: ...66 would print the character Except for the limitation that download characters must be assigned values in the range of 33 to 126 or 160 to 254 there are no rules or restrictions on the use of numbers This means you can use whatever is most convenient for you perhaps seldom used keys can be replaced by more useful characters In our example we ll assign the heart a value of 72 which is the ASCII va...

Page 93: ...tional widths We ll be discussing proportional character widths in detail later in this chapter for now we ll leave it at 11 The descender data was discussed earlier to use the top seven pins this bit should be 0 to use the bottom seven pins this bit should be 1 Figure 7 10 shows the bits of the attribute byte as we ll use them for our heart character Since the descender data is 0 the value of the...

Page 94: ...27 CHR 42 CHR I CHR 72 CHR ll CHR 4 Escape 1 n n2 ml CHR lO CHR 2O CHR IO CHR 52 CHR 72 m2 4 m4 m5 3 CHR 52 CHR lO CHR 20 CHR lO CHR 4 m me m 9 ml Figure 7 11 This is the complete command to send our heart character to the JJelta printer Now let s send the information to the printer The following program will send the character definitions for all four characters to the printer Enter the program a...

Page 95: ...e LPRINT HCDS you don t get a heart club diamond and spade Instead you get HCDS That s because the download characters are stored in a different part of Delta s memory To tell it to look in download character RAM instead of standard charac ter ROM it requires another command ESC ft ll CHR n This command is used to select the download character set if n 1 or to select the standard character set if ...

Page 96: ... printed with the download characters Like wise if you select the standard character set anywhere in a line the entire line will be printed with the standard characters Con flicting commands within a line can cause unpredictable results So does that mean that in order to print something meaning ful with our card suits we have to define an entire alphabet Fear not The engineers at Star have made it...

Page 97: ... S have been changed To demonstrate how to use these characters let s use this character set to print a typical bridge hand This program will do just that 10 Program to deal bridgehands and print on Delta 20 GOSUB 1000 Initialize variables 30 GOSUB 2000 Initialize printer 40 GOSUB3000 Dealcards 50 GOSUB400pl Printhands 60 END 1000 Initialize variables 1010 DEFINTA Z 1020 DIM HAND 4 DECK 52 CARD 13...

Page 98: ... 52 72 52 10 20 10 4 2130 DATA 83 11 16 8 20 8 86 41 86 8 20 8 16 2140 DATA 67 11 8 16 8 18 65 62 65 18 8 16 8 2150 DATA 68 11 8 0 28 0 62 65 62 0 28 0 8 3000 Dealcards 3010 FOR CARD 1 0 52 3920 X INT RND 4 c 1 3030 IF HAND X 13THEN 3020 ELSE HAND X HAND X l 3040 DECK CARD X 3050 NEXT CARD 3060 RETURN 4000 Printfourhands 4010 LPRINTCHR 27 CHR 9 NORTH 4020 LPRINTCHR 27 CHR l CHR 27 CHR 70 4030 HAND...

Page 99: ...0 FOR CARD 13 TO 1 STEP 1 4320 IF DECK SUIT 13 CARD HAND THEN LPRINT CARD CARD 4330 NEXT CARD 4340 RETURN Note that we didn t have to re enter the download characters since they were already sent to the printer with the previous pro gram They will stay with the printer until you download new characters to replace them or turn the printer off Even the ESC I command which initializes the printer doe...

Page 100: ...easing to the eye Proportional download characters allow you to do just that As you ll remember from our initial discussion of download character definition part of the attribute byte is for pro portional width data We skipped over that with the promise of describing it later Well now is the time Defining proportional characters Except for the actual width defining characters for propor tional pri...

Page 101: ...GOT0 68 15 LPRINT Mississippi 155 LPRINT 16 LPRINT Standardcharacterswithout proportional spacing 17g LPRINT 175 LPRINT 18g LPRINT CHR 27 CHR l Mississippi 199 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR Zpr LPRINT Downloadcharacterswithout proportional spacing 210 LPRINT 215 LPRINT 220 LPRINT CHR 27 X CHR l Mississippi 230 LPRINT CHR 27 X CHR 24P LPRINT Downloadcharacterswith proportional spacing ...

Page 102: ...l download characters is much like using normal width download characters one command is used to select the download set or the standard character set Here s the command ESC X CHR n If n is 1 then the download character set is selected and pro portional widths are used If n is 0 the standard character set is selected It should be noted that it is possible to use the same character definitions for ...

Page 103: ...h are larger than one normal character It also makes it possible to create connecting scripts like handwriting The trick to this is to specify the width in the attribute byte to be exactly the same as the number of columns of dots that the charac ter or partial character occupies And if you change the vertical spacing to 7 72 use the ESC 1 command you can make characters connect vertically This al...

Page 104: ...HAR PROP CHR 27 CHR 88 CHR l 50 NOT DOWN CHAR PROP CHR 27 CHR 88 CHR 0 60 LINE 7 CHR 27 CHR 49 LINE 12 CHR 27 CHR 50 70 FOR Nl 160 TO 200 4 ASCII CHARS NUMERAL 80 LPRINT DEF DOWN CHAR 90 LPRINT CHR Nl 100 READ N2 110 LPRINT CHR N2 120 FOR S 1 TO 11 130 READ MS 140 LPRINT CHR MS 150 NEXT S 160 NEXT Nl 170 180 ASCII 160 STARTOF DOWN CHARACTERS 190 FOR NUM 0 TO 9 NUMERALS0 THRU 9 200 NUMERAL TOP NUM ...

Page 105: ...ATA 9 12 114 12 114 12 2 0 0 0 0 0 420 DATA 11 64 0 64 0 64 0 64 32 80 47 80 430 DATA 9 47 80 47 64 0 64 0 64 0 0 0 440 TWO 450 DATA 11 0 0 0 0 0 12 16 14 0 6 0 460 DATA 11 3 0 3 0 70 56 70 56 4 24 0 470 DATA 11 64 0 64 32 64 32 80 32 80 40 64 480 DATA 11 44 64 38 65 34 65 32 80 32 88 0 490 THREE 500 DATA 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 4 2 4 510 DATA 11 34 84 34 92 34 76 34 68 2 64 0 520 DATA 11 16 0 48 0 56 ...

Page 106: ... 0 790 NINE 800 DATA 11 0 0 120 4 120 6 120 6 0 3 0 810 DATA 11 3 0 3 0 67 4 123 4 122 4 120 820 DATA 11 48 0 56 0 113 0 99 0 99 0 99 830 DATA 11 0 115 0 57 0 31 0 15 0 7 0 840 SPACE 850 DATA 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ I I Figure T 17 The output for characters like this must be carefully planned Mixing Print Modes with Download Characters It s possible to get even more printing effects by combinin...

Page 107: ...low allows you to design and edit characters on the screen You can make changes no erasing until it s the way you like it and then the program makes the necessary calculations and sends the character to Delta 10 DIM Z 8 12 MM ll 20 CLS GOSUB660 30 CS CHR l6 CHR l7 SC STRING 2 219 BIT 3 40 A INKEY IFA THEN 40 50 IF A CHR 27 THEN COLOR 7 g CLS END 60 IF A P OR A p THEN GOSUB 680 GOTO40 70 IF A rrerr...

Page 108: ...TURN REM END OF MATRIX SUBROUTINE 26 REM SINGLE CHARACTERINPUT EDIT LEVEL 27pILOCATE 5 ll PRINTCS GOSUB59p 289 A INKEY IFA THEN 28g 299 B RIGHT A l 3 IF B CHR 75 THEN GOSUB 39g GOTO37 J 319 IF B CHR 77 THEN GOSUB 4lpl GOTO 37 32 IF B cHR THEN GOSUB 4y GoTo 37g 338 IF B CHR 72 THEN GOSUB 45p GOTO370 340 IF B CHR 82 THEN GOSUB 470 GOTO370 350 IF B CHR 83 THEN GOSUB 49ja GOTO 370 360 IF B CHR 79 THEN...

Page 109: ...DIT MODE 600 LOCATE 2 55 PRINT cursor movement 610 LOCATE 4 60 PRINTCHR 24 LOCATE 5 58 PRINT CHR 27 620 PRINT CHR 26 LOCATE 6 60 PRINTCHR 25 630 LOCATE 8 55 PRINT ins insert 640 LOCATE 9 55 PRINT del delete 650 LOCATE 10 55 PRINT end exit edit RETURN 660 FOR I 1 TO 7 FOR J l TO ll Z I J NEXT J NEXT T 670 LOCATE24 2 PRINT E EDIT P PRINTER ESC END RETURN 680 REM PRINT MODE 690 LOCATE 20 5 INPUT NORM...

Page 110: ...LPRINT CHR 27 X CHR g 910 LPRINT CHR MM RETURN REM END OF PRINT MODE 92j2i IF z G H THEN LOCATE x 4 Y l pRINT 1 930 IF Z G H l THEN LOCATE X L Y l COLOR7 g PRINT SC 940 RETURN 950 IF Z G H l THEN COLOR 31 l LOCATE X 4 Y la PRINTCS COLOR 7 0 e THEN COLOR 7 0 LOCATE INT CS COLOR 7 0 960 IF Z G H X 4 Y lg PR 970 RETURN Summary Control code Function ESC CHR l nl n2 ml ml1 Defines download character in...

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Star Micronics Delta, User Manual

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