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18

GainStation 8

Limiter

To achieve the desired results with the integrated limiter, it is 
important to understand its operation. The threshold value is 
fixed at 20 dBu. The clean and/or tube gain settings determine 
the amount of limiting, so that these settings more or less work 
like a threshold control. When the limiter is activated, it levels 
everything above 20 dBu. The orange 18 dB LED, which displays 
this level range, varies in brightness depending on limiting. The 
actual amount of limiting is displayed by the Limit LED, which 
becomes brighter as more level reduction is applied.

The peak limiter sounds different with the tube stage activated, 
since leveling occurs somewhat asymmetrically with the tube in 
the signal path, so that the negative half-wave is leveled with a 
much flatter curve.

To determine the ideal limiter setting for the internal converter, 
activate the peak limiting mode and adjust the Clean and/or 
Tube Gain to a setting well above your working level, so that 
the Limit LED illuminates brightly. Then reduce the Output Level 
until the AD  OVL  LED goes out. Now your gain levels can be 
returned to their normal settings and the limiter can be switched 
into FET mode if desired. The same method should be used with 
an external converter, except that in this case the external unit‘s 
clip LED is used for calibration. If you are only using the FET 
limiter and your program material contains few fast transients, 
the output level can be set somewhat higher.

Operation

Summary of Contents for Gain Station 8 2383

Page 1: ... L C 10 21 19 18 15 16 14 13 12 11 2224 26 29 32 35 38 41 46 54 63 N I A G E B U T T u be F e t Off 16 12 9 6 7 5 4 2 5 1 18 2021 22 23 24 24 5 25 25 5 25 8 26 T U P T U O 26 6 10 12 14 18 16 20 22 24 25 9 8 6 5 2 5 0 2 3 5 5 5 5 dB Clip Hi Z Mic Off SOURCE HI PASS PHASE PHANTOM LIMITER 50 Hz Off Fet Peak Nor Rev Off 48V 30 0 9 18 dB 1 2k 200 IMPED Ω 10k N I A G N A E L C 10 21 19 18 15 16 14 13 1...

Page 2: ...ocument Sound Performance Lab SPL continuously strives to improve its products and reserves the right to modify the product described in this manual at any time without prior notice This document is the property of SPL and may not be copied or repro duced in any manner in part or fully without prior authorization by SPL SPL electronics GmbH Sohlweg 55 41372 Niederkruechten Germany Tel 49 0 2163 98...

Page 3: ...n 16 Setting levels on the GainStation8 16 Limiter 18 Application examples 19 Vocals speech 20 Acoustic instruments orchestra 20 Acoustic guitar with pickup 20 Guitar amps 20 Electric Bass 21 Keyboards samplers drum machines 21 Tube distortions with GainStation8 21 Drums Snare Drum 22 Kick Drum 22 Toms 22 Overhead 22 Technology 23 External power supply 26 Technical Specifications 27 Dimensions wei...

Page 4: ...he quality of your original tracks will largely define the end result Lifeless or dynamically lacking signals are often over processed with EQ compression and other effects in an attempt to compensate often an extremely tedious process in the digital domain that doesn t always produce the desired results Attacking this problem on the preamplification front with the goal of noticeably improving a s...

Page 5: ...gnal degenerating condensers unnecessary An optimized layout guarantees the shortest possible signal paths while generously proportioned grounding surfaces ensure low impedance and maximum shielding All switching functions are handled by encapsulated relays with gold plated contacts All resistors are within 0 1 tolerance and were selected after extensive listening tests A no compromise power suppl...

Page 6: ...nd in many cases were truly amazed at what their trusty instrument was capable of Given this improvement in the input signal one is much less inclined to equalize and compress in many cases you will prob ably find that you can do without additional processing which not only saves an enormous amount of time and processor power but also has an extremely positive effect on the final result The GainSt...

Page 7: ...e the amount of dust and debris sucked into the unit by its fan The fan side of the housing must always be kept free IMPORTANT NOTE Never disconnect the GainStation 8 from its external power supply while the unit is switched on Always turn it off first and wait at least one minute so that all current can dissipate before disconnecting the multipin connector Failure to do so can cause severe damage...

Page 8: ...ixing console balanced Microphone alternatively also balanced line level signals Instruments line level signals unbalanced AVIS RISQUE DE CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE NE PAS OUVRIR RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT OPEN CAUTION TO REDUCE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT EXPOSE THIS UNIT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE DISCONNECT MAINS BEFORE REMOVING COVER NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE THIS EQUIPMENT MUST BE EARTHED 1...

Page 9: ...ons Before connecting the GainStation8 or any other equipment turn off all power The following graph shows the correct wiring for connecting unbalanced signals to the balanced XLR connectors The Line Input connector is designed for unbalanced signals only The TRS output connector see Analog Outputs page 10 can be operated both with balanced and unbalanced wiring Simply use a mono 1 4 plug for unba...

Page 10: ...ric guitars and basses or other high impe dance line level signals such as keyboards samplers drum machines etc with unbalanced outputs If a balanced connector TRS is inserted the ring of the plug is automatically connected to the ground to ensure proper unbalanced operation ANALOG OUTPUTS 1 2 The preamplified output signal is fed to the balanced Analog Outputs Since the XLR and 1 4 TRS connectors...

Page 11: ...ng just enough of the tube stage for the desired sound Due to the nature of tubes and tube circuitry the tube stage is somewhat noisier than the solid state stage OUTPUT LEVEL This potentiometer adapts the output level to devices following in the chain or to the converter At 0 dB the output level is equal to the internal level indicated by the LED display The OUTPUT LEVEL control allows an additio...

Page 12: ...e preamplification to prevent the amplification of unwanted low frequency signal portions PHASE The phase reverse function reverses the polarity of the micro phone signal turning the phase by 180 to correct phase inverted signals caused by multiple signal sources A voice over artist for example hears himself during recording through the headphones and simultaneously through the bones in his head P...

Page 13: ...Station8 continuously delivers precisely 48V and a maximum of 14mA which will power all micro phones IMPORTANT NOTE All microphones with balanced ground free outputs including tube microphones can be used with the phantom power activated First connect the microphone to the GainStation8 then activate the phantom power When finished first deactivate the phantom power and wait at least 30 seconds bef...

Page 14: ...ube stage is activated The FET circuit operates with a Field Effect Transistor FET which is connected to the tube and enables always in conjunction with the peak limiter a reduction of signal ampli tude Thusthislimiterworksinasimilarfashiontoacompressor which makes it very effective for signals that undergo unfore seeable level changes i e vocals speech guitar bass piano etc and where minimum loss...

Page 15: ... that all current can dissipate before disconnecting the multipin connector Failure to do so can cause severe damage to components LED LEVEL DISPLAY The level display shows the peak level before output level control A special circuit allows the LED s to vary in brightness to display in between values The 30 LED illuminates weakly at 30dB and reaches full brightness at 0dB The 0dB LED illumi nates ...

Page 16: ...e red Clip LED should never illuminate this indicates clipping in the clean stage which generally should be avoided as it will lead to distortion of the solid state circuitry You may find this desir able in some rare cases we had lots of fun creating heavily distorted guitar sounds The Clip LED does not display high amplification levels in the tube stage that could lead to distortion The GainStati...

Page 17: ...punchier and fatter and attains more loudness At this setting the tube stage is still relatively noise free and ideal for adding a bit of presence and liveliness to signals that may otherwise sound dull or lifeless This setting works very well with stringed instruments like acoustic guitars electric and acoustic basses and violins since it highlights the harmonics of the strings Naturally theseeff...

Page 18: ...ivated since leveling occurs somewhat asymmetrically with the tube in the signal path so that the negative half wave is leveled with a much flatter curve To determine the ideal limiter setting for the internal converter activate the peak limiting mode and adjust the Clean and or Tube Gain to a setting well above your working level so that the Limit LED illuminates brightly Then reduce the Output L...

Page 19: ...th less equalization and compression if the signals are recorded optimally often allowing individual signals to be mixed at lower levels without compromising their presence The GainStation 8 can also effectively improve live recordings and mixes Particularly in live situations microphone signals must often travel extremely long distances to reach the FOH or mobile console resulting in high cable c...

Page 20: ...set with the utmost care since distortion and clipping are easily heard and absolutely undesirable in classical and most acoustic record ings In general the limiter should only be used to protect the A D converter or digital recorder Acoustic guitar with pickup A combination of clean and tube stages will deliver good results here Lower tube gain settings between 1 and 9 dB will result in a very ac...

Page 21: ...bination of clean and tube stages for most other sounds The more dynamic the material the more effectively you can utilize the limiter Tube distortions with GainStation8 The GainStation can be a great creative tool for creating distor tion effects for suitable instruments and loops Try using very high tube gain settings so that the 18 dB LED is constantly illu minated Increasing the clean gain wil...

Page 22: ... see Limiter page 20 In FET mode the limiter may be more audible than you d like it to be when used on drums Bass drum Here pretty much the same applies as for snare drum The peak limiter may tend to accentuate the attack or click of the bass drum which can lead to undesirable sound variations with less disciplined drummers Toms Level setting is not quite as critical with toms Moderate use of the ...

Page 23: ...ne transistor to the next Class A operation requires much higher closed circuit current approximately 6mA with this op amps or roughly three times the total current consumption of a conventional amplifier which in turn leads to increased heat generation Several months went into the development of the GainStation8 op amp First we tested several different circuit configurations using test equipment ...

Page 24: ... frequency response at virtually every gain setting With its slew rate of over 200V µs it is able to amplify fast transients and extremely high frequencies with almost no distortion An op amp subsequently converts the instrument amplifier s output signal into an unbalanced signal which is fed to the tube The tube type a Sovtek 12 AX7 LPS was also selected after extensive measurements and listening...

Page 25: ...al paths all swit ching functions are handled by optimally positioned encapsu lated gas filled relays with gold plated contacts the switches themselves only trigger the relays Since resistors also greatly affect audio quality the entire audio signal path utilizes pain stakingly selected resistors with 0 1 tolerance The op amp circuits use premium FKP foil condensers which sound much more open than...

Page 26: ...rence rejection is provided by a power on relay which requires only minimal current The power supply design keeps the GainStation s internal circuitry free from AC power which could negatively influence the sensitive preamps Entirely new circuit designs were developed to process the variousdirectcurrents The 30Vcurrent forexample utilizes a discrete voltage regulator with barely measurable noise H...

Page 27: ...Tube Gain off output level 0dB 20 22kHz A weighted 94 6dBu Noise Clean Gain 60dB Tube Gain off output level 0dB 20 22kHz A weighted 68 4dBu Noise Clean Gain 20dB Tube Gain 10dB output level 0dB 20 22kHz A weighted 86 5dBu EIN CleanGain60dB TubeGainoff outputlevel0dB 20 22kHz A weighted 40Ω 128 4dB Dynamic response 20 22kHz A weighted 130dB Common Mode Rejection Clean Gain 30dB Tube Gain off 1kHz I...

Page 28: ... have the characteristics usually associated with other analog components like tubes or coils they sound warmer fatter punchier more direct improved presence without boosting the top end One main reason for this is that transformers cancel out a large amount of odd harmonics those portions of an audio signal that sound harsh to human ears The GainStation8 s input transformer delivers 7dB of additi...

Page 29: ...celab com or in the USA or Canada at www spl usa com The warranty period begins on the date of purchase The warranty is non transferable Repairs or replacements do not extend the warranty period This warranty does not apply if the product was not purchased from an authorized SPL dealer repairs are required due to normal wear and tear the product has been abused misused or improperly maintained or ...

Page 30: ... Manual GainStation8 Model 2383 All you need is imagination good ears and three letters ...

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