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Sandel ST3400 Pilot'S Manual Download Page 7

82002-PG-F 

ST3400 TAWS/RMI PILOT’S GUIDE 

PAGE 8 

(This page intentionally left blank) 

82002-PG-F 

ST3400 TAWS/RMI PILOT’S GUIDE 

PAGE 9 

CHAPTER 1.  WELCOME TO THE ST3400 TAWS/RMI 

What is the ST3400 

The ST3400 is a multi-function display with a self-contained TAWS 
(Terrain Awareness Warning System) system.  It includes a TAWS 
computer, graphics symbol generator and an integrated full-color screen, 
built within a standard 3-inch instrument chassis.  It includes bearing-
pointer features to directly replace an existing mechanical RMI (Radio 
Magnetic Indicator), and has the optional capability of acting as a Primary 
or secondary Traffic indicator, showing traffic either in standard TCAS 
format or overlaid on terrain when connected to an external traffic 
detection system. 

Terrain protection is enabled during all airborne phases of flight - 
Departure, Enroute, Terminal, and Approach and in any selected display 
mode.  

The ST3400 is a situational awareness tool and an alerting and warning 
device.  It is not intended to be used for primary navigation of the aircraft.  
During normal flight operations the system remains essentially silent.  It 
uses GPS, radar altitude, barometric altitude, and other relevant data in 
combination with its internal database information to provide the pilot with 
a full-time terrain display.  The look ahead function compares the aircraft 
flight path to terrain and obstacle database information and distance to 
known runways. 

Runway Awareness

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, Virtual Approach Path

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 Safe Operating Area

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,

and Predictive Altitude

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 are smart and exclusive Sandel features that 

provide the pilot with fast access to usable information, maximizing 
relevant data and reducing nuisance alerts.  Pilot workload in interacting 
with the system during normal flight is minimal.  In PRED (Predictive) 
mode, the ST3400 can show only terrain that represents a potential threat 
during an emergency climb in an easily interpreted format.  

The ST3400 includes a built-in caution and warning system providing 
annunciation and aural alerts.  Provision is made for all the 
traditional/standard Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) alerts, 
new enhanced terrain alerts, and various advisories.  All of the alerts are 
automatically displayed.  The unit supports optional external caution and 
warning annunciators. 

An internal recorder automatically records a minimum of the last ten hours 
of flight data.  Oldest data is automatically overwritten with most recent 
data.  This data can be used by Sandel Customer Support to analyze recent 
alert activity. 

Summary of Contents for ST3400

Page 1: ...de obstacles and airports with runways greater than 2500 feet in length Obstacles are not shown discretely but are included in the terrain cell height This means for instance that flat terrain with a charted broadcast antenna may show the terrain cell containing the antenna as yellow when all the surrounding terrain shows as green Database coverage area is determined by the region currently upload...

Page 2: ...ed Self Test During pilot initiated Self Test all external annunciators are activated including optional GS OVRD and FLAP OVRD In prior software only CAUT WARN and TAWS INH were activated FLTA audio alerts Software version A3 10 or higher includes selectable audio alerts for FLTA Type A selectable alerts are Caution Terrain Caution Terrain for caution and Terrain Terrain Pull Up Pull Up for warnin...

Page 3: ...without written permission of Sandel Avionics Inc Additional copies of this manual are available from Sandel Avionics Inc 2401 Dogwood Way Vista CA 92081 Tel 760 727 4900 Fax 760 727 4899 www sandel com REVISION NOTICE The Effectivity and Errata page specifically lists the software to which this Pilot s Guide applies corrects any errors or omissions in this revision of the Pilot s Guide and will b...

Page 4: ...radial and magnetic heading Terms which are specific to the ST3400 are listed in the glossary for example Current Display Indicator 82002 PG F ST3400 TAWS RMI PILOT S GUIDE PAGE 3 Revision History Revision Date Comments F 2 17 04 A R 675 Revised for software v3 00 Illustrations revised throughout Pilot s Guide Page 9 Added traffic to description of the ST3400 Page 12 Added additional functions to ...

Page 5: ...ITUDE DISPLAY 15 TOPOGRAPHIC DISPLAY 15 FLIGHT PLANS 15 AIRPORTS AND RUNWAYS 15 COLD WEATHER OPERATION 16 TRAFFIC AND TCAS 16 CHAPTER 3 TAWS FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 17 TAWS REQUIRED EQUIPMENT 18 WHAT AIRCRAFT ARE REQUIRED TO INSTALL TAWS EQUIPMENT 19 WHY ARE THERE TWO DIFFERENT CLASSES OF TAWS 19 THE ST3400 RMI FUNCTION 19 CHAPTER 4 SYSTEM OVERVIEW 21 HOW DOES IT WORK 21 UNDERSTANDING ALERTS WARNI...

Page 6: ...tor 42 GPWS TAWS Alerts and Traffic 42 CHAPTER 9 RMI SELECTION BUTTON 43 COMPASS ROSE 43 BEARING POINTERS 44 CHAPTER 10 TERRAIN ALERTS 45 RESPONDING TO AN ALERT 47 ALERT CIRCLE 48 82002 PG F ST3400 TAWS RMI PILOT S GUIDE PAGE 7 TAWS INHIBIT 48 CHAPTER 11 PILOT S MENU 51 MSG SOFTKEY 51 TEST SOFTKEY 51 GLIDESLOPE OVERRIDE SOFTKEY 52 FLAPS OVERRIDE SOFTKEY 52 TFC OVERRIDE SOFTKEY 52 TAWS INHIBIT SOFT...

Page 7: ...arometric altitude and other relevant data in combination with its internal database information to provide the pilot with a full time terrain display The look ahead function compares the aircraft flight path to terrain and obstacle database information and distance to known runways Runway Awareness Virtual Approach Path Safe Operating Area and Predictive Altitude are smart and exclusive Sandel fe...

Page 8: ...supply the maximum alerting capability The general descriptions of ST3400 functions will remain the same 82002 PG F ST3400 TAWS RMI PILOT S GUIDE PAGE 11 Alerts and Advisories The ST3400 annunciates alerts for the following table of conditions and provides alert messages to the airplane audio system Optional external annunciators are also supported for these conditions There are six traditional st...

Page 9: ...light path against the terrain database to provide an alert if a potential terrain threat exists PDA Premature Decent Alert Uses the vertical and lateral position of the aircraft compared to the proximity of the nearest airport to determine if the aircraft is abnormally below a reasonable altitude 82002 PG F ST3400 TAWS RMI PILOT S GUIDE PAGE 13 CHAPTER 2 ST3400 SMART FEATURES One characteristic o...

Page 10: ... when descending into a terminal area prior to landing or at any time during a descent Topographic Display The ST3400 also supports a TOPO Topographic view of terrain in sectional chart colors This display is useful to show the terrain situation when at enroute altitudes when the other displays show no information It can also be a useful clue to turbulence encounters at altitude if the pilot is aw...

Page 11: ... information can be displayed overlaid on terrain or a dedicated TFC display mode without terrain can be viewed As a display the ST3400 will operate in accordance with the Pilots Operating Handbook of the installed Traffic Processor as a primary traffic display 82002 PG F ST3400 TAWS RMI PILOT S GUIDE PAGE 17 CHAPTER 3 TAWS FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS The ST3400 can be configured either as a Class A T...

Page 12: ...AA has mandated that all U S registered turbine powered aircraft that have six or more passenger seats be equipped with a TAWS no later than March 29 2005 Depending on the number of seats and the type of operation the TAWS requirement will be for a Class A system or a Class B system FAA TAWS REQUIREMENT BY TYPE OF OPERATION Class Type of Operation Number of Passenger Seats Class A FAR Part 121 ALL...

Page 13: ...ons the alert times are shorter but cautions are always designed to occur prior to warnings A warning does not indicate a higher severity of threat but simply that less time exists for evasive action Topographic TOPO and Predictive Altitude PRED features provide the pilot with fast access to new types of useful information maximizing the pilot s understanding of the relationship between the aircra...

Page 14: ...when all the surrounding terrain shows as green The terrain and airport database coverage is provided by geographical area Coverage is currently limited to those areas between 70qN and 70qS latitude Obstacle data is included for most countries Please contact Sandel for the most current coverage information Note There is no guarantee that every obstacle is charted or that every charted obstacle is ...

Page 15: ...rner identifies the current display mode PRED REL TOPO TFC or RMI Flashes for 5 seconds whenever it changes to REL or PRED mode Flight Plan Each flight plan segment of the GPS FMS flight plan consists of a line between consecutive waypoints The active flight plan segment is colored magenta and the rest of the flight plan is colored white When the RMI bearing pointer is selected to GPS the bearing ...

Page 16: ...Display During Alerts Unless TAWS INH has been selected if an alert occurs the REL terrain view is displayed in ARC view at an appropriate range to put the terrain conflict on the screen If TAWS INH has been previously selected classic GPWS alerts are still enabled but terrain is not shown and is replaced by a yellow X in the REL and PRED display modes External Switch Annunciators External Switch ...

Page 17: ...ess again to display the PRED view of terrain When in REL or PRED view the VUE button to toggles the display between FULL view and ARC view Bearing pointer indications may be overlaid on the terrain display with the BRG1 or BRG2 buttons Color Zones for RELative and PREDicted Altitude Displays On the RELative and PREDicted altitude displays terrain that is farthest below the aircraft altitude is sh...

Page 18: ...n 2000 separation below the aircraft 82002 PG F ST3400 TAWS RMI PILOT S GUIDE PAGE 31 REL Relative Altitude Display The REL Relative Altitude display mode shows the terrain above and below the aircraft s current altitude regardless of climb or descent rates It is most useful to answer the question of what is above and what is below and also what is somewhat below During an alert this display will ...

Page 19: ...a means to avoid alerts before they occur In a climb PRED will clearly show the terrain the aircraft is out climbing in its current configuration This feature can give useful information during an engine failure scenario in a terrain rich environment The pilot should be aware that PRED shows this information in regard to the current climb rate Therefore if the aircraft climb rate is degrading the ...

Page 20: ...lpful on screen guide to relative color coding Ocean is shown as a special blue color Other water topology is not shown uniquely in blue it is shown only by its elevation using the normal color coding A flight plan is always displayed if received from GPS FMS and the bearing pointers will display if selected using the BRG1 or BRG2 buttons If an alert occurs while in TOPO the display mode will chan...

Page 21: ...pabilities Traffic Symbology The ST3400 uses standard RTCA symbology to represent traffic Traffic Advisory TA Traffic within 15 30 seconds of closure or within 0 20 to 0 55nm and 600 to 800 ft of your aircraft Proximity Advisory Traffic within 4nm and 1 200 ft of your aircraft Other Traffic Traffic not representing an immediate threat Out of Range Traffic Alerts outside of the currently selected d...

Page 22: ...dvisories from a TCAS II system are available Future implementation TA ONLY Only Traffic Advisories are available TCAS TEST TCAS is currently in Test mode TCAS OFF TCAS STBY TCAS is currently in Standby mode TCAS FAIL TCAS data communication is not present TD FAIL Traffic data has not been updated for two seconds or more Altitude Display Mode The currently selected altitude display mode will be di...

Page 23: ... and is always displayed regardless of the range setting of the Outer Range Ring The 12 3 6 and 9 o clock positions are bolded 82002 PG F ST3400 TAWS RMI PILOT S GUIDE PAGE 41 Traffic Overlay with Terrain Traffic will be overlaid on terrain when in REL PRED and TOPO display modes The same symbology is used as when the TFC display mode is chosen Traffic is always shown relative to the nose of the a...

Page 24: ...not switch to TFC mode during a GPWS TAWS alert Traffic symbols are removed from the display although the Traffic Advisory Indicator will be shown if a TA is simultaneously present 82002 PG F ST3400 TAWS RMI PILOT S GUIDE PAGE 43 CHAPTER 9 RMI SELECTION BUTTON In the RMI mode the compass rose is displayed in a 360 full view with aircraft symbol at the center The RMI is always displayed HDG up whic...

Page 25: ...nd the associated bearing pointer is removed from the screen The selected bearing pointer name is displayed above the numeric bearing display Note Certain ADF receivers may not supply an invalid signal In these cases the receiver will park the needle usually 90q to the right of the lubber line when no signal is being received See the Pilot s Guide for your navigation receiver to determine its capa...

Page 26: ...Alert Every alert should be considered valid and requires appropriate action An AMBER annunciator indicates CAUTION and requires immediate pilot attention A RED annunciator indicates a WARNING and requires immediate aggressive pilot action Pilot reactions to alerts and warnings differ according to weather conditions visibility type of warning phase of flight and aircraft performance considerations...

Page 27: ... display simultaneously with the on screen annunciations TAWS Inhibit FLTA and PDA alerting can be inhibited using the Pilot s Menu TAWS INHIBIT or if installed the external TAWS INH pushbutton This function also inhibits REL and PRED displays This is used for three distinct purposes 82002 PG F ST3400 TAWS RMI PILOT S GUIDE PAGE 49 a Abnormal failure of FMS resulting in erroneous data A convention...

Page 28: ...Press the M Menu button to access the Pilot s Menu MSG softkey MSG softkey brings up the MSG screen to show system messages and equipment status TEST softkey TEST performs the following functions Tests external annunciator lamps if installed Tests on screen annunciation of WARNING followed by CAUTION Tests audio system with WARNING followed by CAUTION audio ...

Page 29: ...ond while displaying any terrain view TAWS INHIBIT softkey TAWS INH softkey provides access to the TAWS INHIBIT function NORM or INHIBIT In the INHIBIT state the TAWS alerts and PRED and REL displays are disabled but the GPWS alerts and TOPO display remain active During ground operations the PRED and REL displays are enabled even when TAWS INHIBIT is enabled This allows terrain above the aircraft ...

Page 30: ... that raises the ST3400 audio level 82002 PG F ST3400 TAWS RMI PILOT S GUIDE PAGE 55 On Screen Annunciation When an input is either not available no information is being received invalid information is being received but data is not valid or any other failure condition a message will be displayed Below is an illustration of the REL display with the following annunciations GS OVRD Glide Slope Overr...

Page 31: ...tem Self Tests requiring Pilot Acknowledgement In the event of certain equipment failures or the loss of specific required information a pilot advisory is displayed and a flashing ACK identifier is displayed next to the terrain button Press the TERR button to acknowledge the advisory The advisory is displayed until acknowledged or until the advisory expires Alert Advisory Acknowledge These message...

Page 32: ...ot airworth TERRAIN CRC Terrain data cyclic redundancy check invalid Terrain data has an error FLTA not airworthy use TERR INH AIRPORT CRC Airport data cyclic redundancy check invalid Airport data has an error FLTA not airworthy use TERR INH CONFIG MODULE ERR Configuration module error Config module does not match configuration Report to maintenance may not affect airworthiness LOCAL CFG CRC CRC c...

Page 33: ...use of the error is an erroneous CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check then the expected and calculated CRC is displayed If the cause of the error is a failed memory test the type of memory and the address is displayed When the display shows a RESET identifier use the RMI button to reset the system SYSTEM ERROR DISPLAY Button Description Reset Resets the TAWS system when the System Error display is shown wi...

Page 34: ...on Nuisance Alerts If an alert is previously determined to be erroneous and is repetitive at a specific location the alerting function can be inhibited A perceived nuisance alert should be brought to the attention of Sandel The ST3400 has an internal recorder that automatically records a minimum of ten hours of flight data Oldest data is automatically overwritten with most recent data This data ca...

Page 35: ...at has CAUT amber and WARN red GPWS FAIL annunciator amber External switch annunciators are only required for a two pilot cockpit when a single ST3400 is installed Please refer to the AFMS for details on the specific installation in your aircraft Back Course Inhibit If available the ST3400 may be optionally wired to the HSI or Flight Control System such that when the course pointer is upside down ...

Page 36: ...ontrol of the pilot is flown into terrain obstacles or water Course Segment A portion of a flight plan between two waypoints Cross Side Equipment associated with the position opposite the installed pilot or copilot position Decision Height The height in feet above the highest runway threshold elevation in the touchdown zone to which landing using a glide slope is permitted providing the required v...

Page 37: ...a normal altitude as it approaches within 15nm of an airport Search Area An area of airspace around the aircraft s current and projected path that is used to define an FLTA alert condition Selectable Items Modifiable values multiple choice listings displayed on multiple lines and requests that an operator may select 82002 PG F ST3400 TAWS RMI PILOT S GUIDE PAGE 69 Track A fixed line on the terrain...

Page 38: ... Ground Proximity Warning Equipment AHRS Attitude Heading Reference System ALAT Altitude Loss After Takeoff AMED Airborne Multipurpose Electronic Displays AOG Aircraft On Ground out of service AP Auto Pilot APR Approach phase of flight ARP Airport Reference Point AS Alerting System ASL Above Sea Level ATC Air Traffic Control BIT Built In Test C Celsius CB Circuit Breaker CD ROM Read Only Memory Co...

Page 39: ...anagement System FPA Flight Path Angle FPM Feet Per Minute FTE Flight Technical Error GA General Aviation GA Go Around GEAR Landing Gear 82002 PG F ST3400 TAWS RMI PILOT S GUIDE PAGE 73 GPS Global Positioning System GPW Ground Proximity Warning GPWS Ground Proximity Warning System GS Glide Slope HDG Aircraft s magnetic heading HMI Hazardously Misleading Information Hz Hertz cycles per second IAVS ...

Page 40: ...ng System TCAS I Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System which shows proximate traffic and Traffic Alerts TCAS II A TCAS I with the additional feature of a Resolution Advisory VSI display for vertical guidance TFC Traffic TERPS U S standard for instrument Terminal Procedures TOPO Topographical terrain display TRK Aircraft s ground track usually magnetic TRM Terminal phase of flight TSO Techni...

Page 41: ...In the event Sandel determines that the unit cannot be repaired Sandel will replace the defective unit with either the same model product or one that is reasonably equivalent At Sandel s discretion replacement units or repaired units may include software or hardware updates and revisions that alter some characteristics of the product Sandel assumes no responsibility for payment of any repair servi...

Page 42: ... cover expenses incurred due to a lack of understanding of the functioning of the product when it is operating as designed In order for the warranty to be in effect the owner must complete on line warranty registration within 90 days from date of installation In order for Sandel to provide warranty service the owner may be required to x Supply proof of purchase documents x Permit Sandel or an auth...

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